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PARASITOLOGIINSECTA YANG MERUGIKAN
MANUSIAOleh :Samsul ArisDwi Okta NAli Musth!"a
#$%&'A
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INSECTA
◦Sera())a meru*aka( kel!m*!k hewa( a() *ali()
muka ,umi- aitu +e()a( .umlah s*esies ham*ir /$0t!tal hewa( +i ,umi1
◦T!tal +ari 23%1$$$ s*esies )!l!()a( sera())a- sekis*esies ter+a*at +i I(+!(esia 4Kalsh!5e( %6/%7
◦ se,a(ak %18%&1$$$ s*esies telah +ike(al serta ha
tahu((a ter.a+i *e(am,aha( s*esies ,aru a()49!rr!r-%66/7
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INSECTA PARASIT◦
Sera())a *arasit!+ meru*aka( sera())a a() ,er*era( se,a)asera())a lai(1 MISALNYA :
◦S*ala()ia e(+ius +a( S1 (i)r!ae(ea serta Pahre*!i+eus 5i(+meru*aka( *arasit!i+ a() me(era() *u*a lalat rumah +a( lalu(tuk kehi+u*a( lar5a +a( *u*a(a- se+a()ka( +ewasa(a hi+u
◦Pa+a kehi+u*a( *arasit!i+ seara umum maka(a((a ,eru*a (ehaem!lim i(a()1 ;aem!lim i(a() +i)u(aka( +alam *em,e(tuka
*emata()a( telur se+a()ka( (ektar +i*eluka( se.ak awal se,a)e(er)i1
◦*arasit!i+ termasuk +alam !r+! ;me(!*terati+ak +a*at me(em*u*arium1aira( hem!l!m +i*er!leh +ari rem,esa( a() keluar me(usuka( !5i*!sit!r ke +alam *u*a lalat
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9e(tuk Parte(!)e(esis Ya() DiPa+a Parasit!i+
%1 thel!t!k (semua keturunannya betina diploid tanpa ind
#1+euter!t!k (keturunannya sebagian besar betina diploidmempunyai induk jantan dan jarang ditemukan jantan hap
&1Arrhe(!t!k (keturunan jantan haploid tidak mempunyai dan keturunan betinanya berasal dari induk betina dan jant
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SPESIES INSECTA PARAS◦
Pi(.alPi(.al a+alah a+alah .e(is sera())a a() masuk Si*h!(a*tera a() seara m!r"!l!)is ,er,e(tuk *+i,a(+i() +e()a( kutu ma(usia 4A(!*lura7
,er,e(tuk *i*ih atau h!ri
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◦+alam .umlah ,esar kutu +a*at me()aki,atka( kerua() *arah ,ahka( me(.a+i 5ekt!r *em,awa *e(ak
◦Gi)ita( *i(.al i(i +a*at me(im,ulka( rasa )atal kemu+ia( ,erla(.ut hi())a me(.a+i ra+a() kulit a@ea ,ites +ermatitis1 Selai( aki,at )i)ita((a- k!t!ra
*i(.al *u( +a*at ,er,ahaa kare(a +a*at me(e,a,kulit
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M!r"!l!)i Pi(.al◦Pi(.al ,erukura( keil +e()a( *a(.a() %-3'&-& mm +a( ,er)
◦
9iasa(a ,erwar(a )ela* 4misal(a- !kelat kemeraha( u(tukui()71
◦Pi(.al meru*aka( sera())a ,ersaa* +e()a( ,a)ia(',a)ia(se*erti ta,u() a() +i)u(aka( u(tuk me()hisa* +arah h!stKaki *i(.al ,erukura( *a(.a()- se*asa() kaki ,elaka()(a +u(tuk mel!m*at 4seara 5ertikal sam*ai 2 i(h 4%/ m7 h!r
i(h 4&& m771◦Pi(.al meru*aka( kutu *el!m*at ter,aik +ia(tara kel!m*!k(*i(.al ,ersi"at lateral +ik!m*resi a() memu+ahka( mereka,er)erak +i a(tara ram,ut'ram,ut atau ,ulu +i tu,uh i(a()
◦Kulit tu,uh(a keras- +itutu*i !leh ,a(ak ,ulu +a( +uri *e(me()arah ke ,elaka()- +ima(a ,ulu +a( +uri i(i memu+ahk
*er)eraka( mereka *a+a h!st(a1
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Be(is'Be(is Pi(.al
◦Pi(.al Kui() 4Cte(!e*hali+es elis7
◦Klasi>kasi◦D!mai( : Eukar!ta
◦Ki()+!m : A(imalia
◦Phlum : Arthr!*!+a
◦Class : I(seta◦Or+! : Si*h!(a*tera
◦amil : Pulii+ae
◦Ge(us: Cte(!e*hali+es
◦S*eies : C1 elis
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Ciri'Ciri Pi(.al Kui()
◦
Ti+ak ,ersaa*- memiliki tu()kai *a(.a()- +a( k!ksa'sa()at ,esar1
◦Tu,uh )e*e() +i se,elah lateral +ile()ka*i ,a(ak +ume()arah ke ,elaka() +a( ram,ut keras1
◦Su()ut *e(+ek +a( terletak +alam lekuk'lekuk +i +ala
◦
9a)ia( mulut ti*e *e()hisa* +e()a( & stilet *e(usuk◦Metam!r"!sis sem*ur(a 4telur'lar5a'*u*a'ima)!71
◦Telur ti+ak ,er*erekat- a,+!me( ter+iri +ari %$ ruas1
◦Lar5a ti+ak ,ertu()kai keil- +a( ke*utiha(1
◦Memiliki # kti(i+ia ,aik )e(al mau*u( *r!(atal1
◦
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Per,e+aa( Ba(ta( Da( 9eti(◦ Ba(ta( : tu,uh *u(a u.u() *!steri!r se*erti t!ma() me()arah ke atas- a(te(a le,ih *a(.a() +a,eti(a1
◦9eti(a : tu,uh ,erakhir ,ulat- a(te(a le,ih *e(+e .a(ta(1
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◦Pi(.al A(.i() 4Cte(!e*hali+es Ca(is7
Klasi>kasi :
◦D!mai( : Eukar!ta
◦Ki()+!m : A(imalia
◦Phlum : Arthr!*!+a
◦Class : I(seta
◦Or+! : Si*h!(a*tera
◦amil : Pulii+ae
◦Ge(us : Cte(!e*hali+es
◦S*eies : C1 Ca(is
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◦Pi(.al *a+a a(.i()
◦+a*at me(e,arka( Di*li+ium a(i(um1 Merek+itemuka( +i Er!*a1 Meski*u( mereka memaka( ++a( kui()- mereka ka+a()'ka+a() me())i)it ma(u+a*at hi+u* ta(*a maka(a( selama ,e,era*a ,
s*esies ,eti(a harus memaka( +arah terle,ih +ahme()hasilka( telur1
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◦Pi(.al Ma(usia 4Pule Irrita(s7
◦Klasi>kasi :
◦Ki()+!m : A(imalia
◦Phlum : Arthr!*!+a
◦Class : I(seta
◦
Or+! : Si*h!(a*tera◦amil : Pulii+ae
◦Su,"amil : Pulii(ae
◦Ge(us : Pule
◦S*eies : P1 Irrita(s
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◦S*esies i(i ,a(ak me())i)it s*esies mama,uru()- termasuk a() .i(ak1 I(i telah +itemukaa(.i() liar- m!(et +i *e(a()kara(- kui() aam hitam +a( tikus N!rwe)ia- tikus liarkelelawar- +a( s*esies lai((a1 Pi(.al s*esies i(
+a*at me(.a+i i(a() a(tara u(tuk est!+e- Di*a(i(um1
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Pi(.al Tikus Utara 4N!s!*sllus asia
◦Klasi>kasi :
◦D!mai( : Eukar!ta
◦Ki()+!m : A(imalia
◦Phlum : Arthr!*!+a
◦Class : I(seta
◦Or+! : Si*h!(a*tera
◦amil : Cerat!*hlli+ae
◦Ge(us : N!s!*sllus
◦
S*eies : N1 asiatus
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◦asiatus N!s!*sllus memiliki tu,uh mema(.a()- *hi())a 8 mm1 Memiliki *r!(!tal te(i+ium +e()a( %/ti+ak memiliki te(i+ium )e(al1 Pi(.al tikus utara m+a( se+eret ti)a setae +i ,awah ke*ala1 Ke+ua .ememiliki tu,erkulum me(!(.!l +i ,a)ia( +e*a( ke*aha ,elaka() memiliki &'8 ,ulu *a+a *ermukaa( ,a)
◦
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Pinjal Tikus Oriental (Xenopsylla Che
◦Klasi>kasi :
◦D!mai( : Eukar!ta
◦Ki()+!m : A(imalia
◦Phlum : Arthr!*!+a
◦Class : I(seta
◦Or+! : Si*h!(a*tera
◦amil : Pulii+ae
◦Ge(us : e(!*slla
◦S*eies : 1 Che!*is
◦e(!*slla he!*is a+alah *arasit +ari hewa( *e()erat- terutama +ari )+a( meru*aka( +asar 5ekt!r u(tuk *e(akit *es +a( muri(e ti"us1 ;al i*i(.al me())i)it hewa( *e()erat a() teri("eksi- +a( kemu+ia( me())
Pi(.al tikus !rie(tal terke(al mem,erika( k!(tri,usi ,a)i 9lak Death1
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Siklus hi+u* *i(.al ter+iri +a8 taha*a(
◦Siklus hi+u* *i(.al ter+iri +ari 8taha*a(- aitu :
◦Taha* Telur
Taha* Lar5aTaha* Pu*a
◦Taha* Dewasa
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;a,itat Pi(.al
◦Tum,uha( lea ,iasa ti())al +i sekitar area a() +i*etum,uha( atau ta(ama( keil kare(a lea meme(uhi hi+u*(a +i tem*at itu ak(i memaka( aira( tum,uh
◦;ewa( 4a(.i() atau kui()7 Selai( hi+u* +i tum,uha(lea .u)a hi+u* +i tem*at a() ,er,ulu atau ,eram,u
*a+a ,ulu a(.i() mau*u( ,ulu kui()1◦9e(+a F *era,!t rumah a() ,er,ulu atau ,eram,ut ,iasa ,erkem,a() ,iak *a+a ,e(+a atau *era,!ta( ru,er,ulu atau ,eram,ul se*erti kasur- selimut atau ka
◦
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Pe()aruh Pi(.al terha+a* Keseh
◦Pi(.al .u)a +a*at me(im,ulka( aler)i ,ulu r!(t!k +a( *era+a()akulit1
◦Kasus @ea aller) ,er5ariasi ter)a(tu() k!(+isi uaa terutama t*a+a musim *a(as +ima(a *!*ulasi kutu me(i()kat ta.am1
◦Pe(akit a() ,erhu,u()a( +e()a( *i(.al aitu *es
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Pe(e)aha( +a( Pe()e(+alia( P
◦Me(e+!t Me())u(aka( aum
◦Pe(uia(
◦Pe(em*r!ta( Li()ku()a(
Pe()e(+alia(:
◦Me()e(+alika( *!*ulasi tikus +i +aerah *e+esaa( +a( *erk!taa(sa(itasi li()ku()a(- *e()el!laa( sam*ah a() ,aik- +a( mem*esa(itasi li()ku()a( a() rusak a() +a*at +i.a+ika( se,a)ai sar
◦maka *erlu +ilakuka( ti(+aka( *e()e(+alia( terha+a* arth!*!+aterse,ut1
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Pediculus humanus capitis 4Kutu ram
◦Klasi>kasi Pediculus humanus capitis 4Kutu ram,ut7
◦ Kingdom Animalia
◦ Phylum Arthropoda
◦Class nsekta
◦Ordo Phthriraptera
◦ !amily Pedi"ulidae
◦#enus Pediculus
◦ $pe"ies Pediculus humanus capitis
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M!r"!l!)i Pediculus humanus ca
◦Kutu ram,ut .a(ta( ,erukura( #mm- alat kelami( ,er,e(tuk se*eH1 Se+a()ka( kutu ram,ut ,eti(a ,erukura( &mm- alat kelami,er,e(tuk se*erti huru" H ter,alik1
◦Pa+a ruas a,+!me( terakhir mem*u(ai lu,a() kelami( +i te()a+!rsal +a( # t!(.!la( )e(ital +i ,a)ia( lateral a() meme)a() raselama melekatka( telur1
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Siklus ;i+u* Pediculushumanus capitis◦ Telur
◦ nim%a
◦ mago (de&asa)
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E*i+emi!l!)i
◦ 1 Tem*at'tem*at a() +isukai(a a+alah ram,ut *a+a ,a)ia( ,elke*ala1
◦Kutu ram,ut ke*ala +a*at ,er)erak +e()a( e*at +a( mu+ah ,e+ari satu h!s*es ke h!s*es lai(1
◦ Kutu ram,ut i(i +a*at ,ertaha( %$ hari *a+a suhu 3! ta(*a mak+a*at me()hisa* +arah u(tuk waktu a() lama- mati *a+a suhu
◦ Pa(as a() lem,a() *a+a suhu J$$ memus(ahka( telur +alam &$ me(it1 Kutu ram,ut ke*ala mu+ah +itularka( melalui k!(tak laatau +e()a( *era(tara ,ara()',ara() a() +i*akai ,ersama'sam
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;!s*es +ari 4Pediculus Humanus Cap
◦ Kutu ram,ut i(i meru*aka( ektr!*arasit ,a)i ma(usia1
◦Kutu ram,ut ke*ala hi+u* ,erkem,a() ,iak *a+a ram,ut ke*ala suka *a+a ram,ut a() k!t!r- lem,a,- .ara() +isisir +a( +ikeramMe()i("eksi ma(usia a() ti+ak me(.a)a ke,ersiha( ram,ut ke*
◦ Kutu ram,ut ke*ala +a*at ,er)erak +e()a( e*at +a( mu+ah,er*i(+ah +ari satu h!s*es ke h!s*es lai(1 Mu+ah +itularka( mek!(tak la()su() atau +e()a( *era(tara ,ara()',ara() a() +i*
,ersama'sama1
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Nama Pe(akit a() +ise,a,ka( !leh (Pediculus Humanus Capitis)
◦ Pe(akit a() +ise,a,ka( !leh Pediculus Humanus Cialah *e(akit Pe+ikul!sis Ka*itis1
◦De>(isi Pe+ikul!sis Ka*itis
◦' I("eksi kulit +a( ram,ut ke*ala a() +ise,a,kPe+iulus ;uma(us ar Ca*itis
◦' Pe+ikul!sis Ka*itis meru*aka( i("estasi kutu atau tuma a() +ise,ut Pe+iulus ;uma(us Ca*itis *ke*ala1 49ru((er Su++arth7
◦
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9e,era*a I(seta lai( a() Meru)ika( Ma+a( Li()ku()a(
◦ ' $ebagai hama pertanian
◦ $ebagai penyebar penyakit
◦ ' $ebagai perusak bangunan
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Terimakasih atas perhatiany
◦Sem!)a,erma("aat
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