Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes
are and why they undergo radioactivity.• Students will be able to compare properties of
nuclear reactions with chemical reactions.• Students will demonstrate understanding of
radioactive decay through application and graphing. • Students will assess the application of nuclear
chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.
• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes
are and why they undergo radioactive decay.
• Students will demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.
• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.
Atomic Structure: 3.12Due:• Band of Stability Worksheet (part A)• Infinite Campus Check-up AssignmentObjectives:• I can distinguish between atomic models. • I can use the band of stability graph to understand
what a radioisotope is and to classify atoms as radioisotopes.
• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.
Bell Ringer: 3.12
1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.
2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.
Bell Ringer: Evolution of Atom• Who is given credit for the earliest model of the because he applied the scientific method?• What did Thomson’s model contribute to the atom?
• What did Rutherford’s model contribute to the atom?
• What did Bohr’s model contribute to the atom?
• What did the Quantum Mechanical model contribute to the atom?
Types of electron paths around nucleus
Atomic Models
Dalton’s Atomic Model Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model Rutherford’s Nuclear Model
Bohr’s Planetary ModelSchrodinger’s Atomic Model(current model)
Bell Ringer: 3.12
1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.
2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.
•What keeps the protons within the nucleus ? (Like particles repel each other)
•Neutrons stabilize the nucleus byseparating the protons from one antoher.
• 1932 - James Chadwick discovers that the nucleus also has neutral particles present. He called them neutrons.
Subatomic Particle: Neutron
Bell Ringer: 3.12
1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.
2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.
Atomic Structure: 3.13Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph• Radioactivity ArticleObjectives:• Atomic Structure and Theory Quiz • I can use the band of stability graph to understand
what a radioisotope is and to classify atoms as radioisotopes.
• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.
Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet
RadioisotopesUse your band of stability graph to answer the
following questions. Analysis Questions: 1. What is a radioisotope?2. What subatomic particles determine if an atom is a
radioisotope?3. True or False: Most atoms have a stable nucleus if
it has an equal number of protons and neutrons. Explain your answer using your graph.
Nuclear Band of Stability
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
• Also called: radioactivity; nuclear reactions
• A reaction that occurs within the nucleus of a radioisotope in order to stabilize it.
• Spontaneous Reactions
• Reaction rates (speed of reactions) remain constant for radioisotopes despite changes in temperature, pressure, or addition of catalyst.
Radioactive Decay
Atomic Structure: 3.14Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph(over due)• Radioactivity Article (over due)
Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive
decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.
Radioactive Decay: Half-Life
1. What is half-life?
2. Why is the half-life of a radioisotope very important to many disciplines of science?
Radioactive Decay: Half-Life
•Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope).
Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay
of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.
Complete the pre-lab questions and hypothesis.
thefoxisblack.com
usd314.k12.ks.us
Atomic Structure: 3.14
Homework:• Complete M&Mium lab and radioactive decay
problems.
Atomic Structure: 3.17Due:• Radioactive Decay (M&Mium) Lab• Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay PacketObjectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive
decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.
• I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear radiation.
• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear reactions.
Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay
of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.
Complete the pre-lab questions and hypothesis.
thefoxisblack.com
usd314.k12.ks.us
Radioactive Decay Lab: Data Table Number of Half-Lives
Total Time(seconds)
# of M&Miums(parent isotope)
Daughter Isotope(decayed)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
Radioactive Decay Problems1. a. A patient is given a 100 mg sample of I-131.
How much of the isotope will remain in the body after 16 days? The half-life of I-131 isotopes is 8 days.
b. How many days will pass for a 1.0g sample of I-131 isotope to decay to 0.25g?
Nuclear Radiation
1. According to the article you read, what is nuclear radiation?
2. Who discovered nuclear radiation?
3. How have humans used nuclear radiation?
Atomic Structure: 3.14Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph(over due)• Radioactivity Article (over due)
Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive
decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.
Atomic Structure: 3.19Due:• Radioactive Decay (M&Mium) Lab• Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay PacketObjectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive
decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.
• I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear radiation.
• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear reactions.
Nuclear RadiationNuclear Radiation:• Matter and large amounts of energy
produced during a nuclear reaction.
• Three main types of nuclear radiation:1.Alpha radiation (α )2.Beta radiation (β)3.Gamma radiation (ϒ)
Nuclear Radiation
paper
wood
concrete or lead
Types of radiation can be classified by type of shielding.
(alpha particle)
(beta particle)
(gamma particle)
Types of Nuclear Radiation•Types of radiation can be classified by their charges.
Alpha (α ) Radiation
parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)
• change in mass number:
• change in atomic number:
Beta (β) Radiation
β particle • change in mass number:
• change in atomic number:
• transmutation occur?
Gamma (ϒ) Radiation
parent decays α + daughter isotope + ϒ
isotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)
+ϒ
• change in mass number:
• change in atomic number:
• transmutation occur?
Transmutation
Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during
radioactive decay.
•What must happen in the nucleus for a transmutation to occur?
•Does a transmutation occur during alpha, beta, and gamma reactions?
Atomic Structure: 3.20Infinite Campus Update:• Evolution of the Atom packet (10pts.)• Kandium Lab(27pts.)• Band of Stability Worksheet (10pts.)• Radioactive Decay Lab (23pts.)Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay
through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear
radiation.• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear
reactions.
Nuclear Reaction Types
Atomic Structure: 3.24Due:• Nuclear Decay WorksheetObjectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear
reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay
through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear
radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions
study guide via gallery walk.Homework:Review Study Guide-Test tomorrow.
Nuclear Reaction Worksheet
Nuclear Band of Stability
Atomic Structure: 3.20Due:• Nuclear Decay Worksheet
Objectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear
reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay
through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear
radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions
study guide via gallery walk.
Atomic Structure and Nuclear Reaction Study Guides
• Review concepts via gallery walk.
Radioactivity Decay Review Wksht. Key4a. I-131 b. C-14 c. U-2385. No, only 75% of parent isotope decays, still
25% remaining.6. 1 million radioactive atoms7. a.0.625 mg of I-131 remaining b. 24 days8 a. 20% b. about 85 grams c. about 83 days d. about 28 days9. 915 B.C.
Atomic Structure: 3.20Due:• Nuclear Decay Worksheet
Objectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear
reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay
through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear
radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions
study guide via gallery walk.
Nuclear Chemistry Quiz-Review
Transmutation
Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during
radioactive decay.
•How else could you define transmutation?
•What must happen in the nucleus for a transmutation to occur?
•Does a transmutation occur when alpha, beta, or gamma radiation is produced?
Transmutation
parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)
Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during
radioactive decay.•A parent isotope is converted to daughter isotope•An unstable atom converted to a more stable atom.•Atomic number changes during radioactive decay
Nuclear Chemistry Objective
• Students can explain the difference between fission and fusion.
• Students can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy
TransmutationTransmutation occurs during:1. Radioactive Decay
2. Bombarding an atom’s nucleus with particles.-can occur naturally or artificially-fission and fusion nuclear reactions
Fission vs. FusionFission Fusion
Similarities
Nuclear Fission• Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus by
bombarding it with neutrons.
cikguwong.blogspot.comchm.bris.ac.uk
Nuclear Fission Application
chm.bris.ac.ukenglish-online.at
• Generates electricity where only steam is released into the environment.
Nuclear Fission Problem
• Nuclear Waste: Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly. (pg. 812 in text)
• On-site or off-site holding tanks called pools.
coto2.wordpress.com
Nuclear Fusion• Nuclear Fusion – Small radioisotope nuclei
combine.
mrbarlow.wordpress.commrbarlow.wordpress.com
Nuclear Fusion
• Produces immense amount of energy.
• Does not produce nuclear waste• Applications? Not yet. Requires immense amount of energy.
Example: sun (40,000,000 0C)
scienceknowledge.org
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives
• Students will assess the application of nuclear chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.
Assessment by:-reading and annotating literature that addresses pros
and cons of nuclear energy.- Debating with peers why we should or should not
depend on nuclear energy.- Formulating an opinion based on facts as to why the
U.S. should continue to support the research and development of nuclear energy. (ORQ format)
Exit Slip
1. What is the difference between fission and fusion and give an example of each?
2. Should the United States continue the research, development, and application of nuclear energy through nuclear fission?
Nuclear Chemistry Objective
• I can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy. (SC-H-ET-S-2)
Nuclear Energy Debate
breakthrougheurope.org
earth-policy.org
firstlab.webege.com
Nuclear Energy
www.nukepills.com
Chernobyl,Ukraine Nuclear Disaster Effects
Fukushima, Japan Disaster Effects
novinite.comguardian.co.uk nucleaire11.wordpress.com
uncannyterrain.com business.financialpost.com
Gallery Walk: Nuclear Energy Pros and Cons
• Each debate group record on chart paper important pros and cons you addressed today.
• Walk around and observe what other debate groups discussed.
Exit Slip: Nuclear Energy1. Did today’s nuclear energy debate strengthen or
weaken your view on this issue?
2. What is your view on this issue now: Should the U.S. continue to support the research, development, and application of nuclear energy?
*Make sure to validate your view with several supporting facts. *
