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H a n d e l A n d t h e G l o r y o f t h e L o r d






Me l o d y :Fo ur me l o d ic id e a s

RepetitiveUse of sequences

Moves between parts (voice parts,instruments)

Tonali :Major keys throughout

Amajor- atstart and at endD ominant (E)

D ominant of dominant (B)

Harmony:Diatonic

Root and 1 st inversionsFast rate of change

Perfect, imperfect and plagalcadences

Rhythm, metre & tempo:3/4

HemiolaLonger notes in idea 4

Dynamics:Sparse dynamics (P and F)

No graduations (e.g. No crescendo)

Instruments& Voices:Most instruments play thesame as

voicesStrings double voices

Instruments in octaves




T e xt ur e : H o mo ph o n ic a n d po l y ph o n ic

ImitationLots of ideas combine

D oubling of voices


St r uct ur e :Ch o r us

Ideas overlap3 beat rest, IV- I cadence (plagal)

M o z a r t y h o n y N o . 0 n G

M i n o r

M o z a r t y h o n y N o . 0 i n G

M i n o r


M i n o r


M i n o r

Mel od y :o r 8 ba r h r a ses

Mostly in stringsUse of Sequence

Tonality:¡ minor

Relative major (Bb)Some chromaticism

Circle of fifths

Harmony:O ften quavers

Use of pedal notes

Diatonic

Rhythm, metre & tempo:Molto allegro

Crochets and quaversSteady Tempo




M i n o r


M i n o r


M i n o r


M i n o r

Dy n aics:1st subject quiet

2nd subject crescendos

Mostly loud ofsoftNo diminuendos

Instruments& Voices:No trumpets or timpani

Horns- pedals, harmoniesWind play link phrases

Bassoons often double basses

Texture:Mostly homophonic

Imitation in developmentO ctave doubling of parts

D ialogue, strings- wind

Structure:Sonata form

No introduction

C h o i n R a i n d r o P r e l d e


Me l o dy:Right hand=cantabile melody

O rnamentsRepetition

Melodymoves right hand left hand

Tonality:Db major/ C#

D ominant pedalModulates to dominant and relative

minor









H a r mo ny:D ominant pedal

Some extended chords

Diaton

ic

Rhythm, metre & tempo:Syncopated / dotted notes

RubatoSimple note values in the left hand

Dynamics:G raduations of dynamics

Careful and precise

Instruments& Voices:Middle range of piano (A)

Bass register (B)Not virtuosic

Use of pedals on piano

Texture:Homophonic

2 monophonic bars at codaMiddle section thicker Up to 6 notes together

Structure:Ternary form

CodaB moves to tonic minor

A & B have section note



S c h o e n e r P e r i p e t i e






Mel ody:A n¢ ula r /d isso na n tl ea ps

G entle, lyrical linesFragmented

Principle voice

Tonality:Atonal

Built on hexachords

Harmony:Dissonant/ chromatic

Uses hexachords

Rhythm, metre & tempo:A starts ¶sehr rasch·

Sextuplet / triplet rhythmsFast to calm ideas

Rubato- slowing down

Dynamics:Loud to very loud (fff)

Changes quickly/ oftenCreates stark contrasts

Instruments& Voices:Klangfarbenmelodie

Large orchestraConstant shifting of instruments

Use of mutes





T e xt ur e :Starts with ful l orchestra

ConstantlychangingComplex

Full and extreme ranges

Structure:Free rondo5 sections

Stee Reic h E lectric Co unter point




Me lody: Res u ltant melodies

Additive melody

Tonality:£ minor

AmbiguousChanges to C minor

Modal (Aeolian)

Harmony:Based on ostinati / loops

DiatonicComplex chords

Rhythm, metre & tempo:3/2² clear triple metre

Rhythmic counterpoint12/8in some of section B

Quavers



S t e v e R e i c h E l e c t r i c C o u n t e r p o i n t




B e r n t e i n S o e t h i n · C o i n

Dy namic s:D etailed

G raduations

Instruments& Voices:Live guitar

7 recorded guitars2 basses

Chords and melody

Texture:Built gradually

P olyphonic, complex4 part canon at end

Rhythmic counterpoint

Structure:A 1,2,3,4B 1,2,3,4

Coda

Tonality:D major

2 sections in C major Right hand and left hand different

keys


Use ofT ec h n o l o gy: R ec o rd ed guitar parts

P anned left and right



B e r n s t e i n S o m e t h i n · s C o m i n B e r n s t e i n S o m e t h i n · s C o m i n

B e r n s t e i n S o m e t h i n · s C o m i n

B e r n s t e i n S o m e t h i n · s C o m i n B e r n s t e i n S o m e t h i n · s C o m i n

Ha r m o ny:Use of blue notesExtended chords

Bass riffs

Jazz-inspired

Rhythm, metre & tempo:Fast 2/4and 3/4

SyncopationP

ush rhythms

Dynamics:D ynamics formood

G raduationsSudden changes

Instruments& Voices:Tenorvoice and band

Pizz strings, muted brass

Texture:Melody and accompaniment

Riffs in left hand throughout


Mel ody:Vocal

Use of tri-tonesMostly syllabic




S t r uct ur e :Intro, A, B, B1, A1, outro

M i l e s a v i s A l l B l u e s





M e lody:Played by frontline

�Improvised solos

�Use of riffs

Harmony:�Based on 12 bar form

�Altered chords

�Use of blue notes

Texture:�Changes with solos

�Rhythm section starts

Saxes then trumpet enters

Tonality:G modal

Dynamics:�Lots of < and >

�Lots of F and some P






In strument s &Vo ices :�Trumpet, Alto sax, Tenor sax, drum,

�Improvisation / solos

�Frontline melody

�Muted trumpet, drum brushes

Structu r e :Head arrangement

�Variations on the 12 bar

�Intro and coda

�Four bar riffs

Rhythm,M etr e andT e mpo:

�6 / 4

Swung

�Jazz Waltz

J e f f B uc k l ey Gr ac e



M e lody:O ccasional grace notes

�Most phrases fall in pitch

O ften melodic slides

Ton a lity:�E minor

�Intro F minor then D major

�Ambiguous

D rop D tuning

H armony:Some root position triads

�Chromatic progressions

�Extended chords

�Chords and arpeggios



J e f f B u c k l e y G r a c e






T e xtu r e :�Changes

�Becomes very full at end

St r uc tu r e :�Intro, verse, chorus, verse

Useo ft ec hno logy :Synthesiser

O ver-dubbed

D elay and EQ

Dyn a mic s:�None given

�Changes with texture

Inst r uments&Voic e s:�Voice, mainly syllabic

G uitars, bass, drums, strings

Rh ythm, Met r e andT e mpo:

�Compound quadruple

Semiquavers in guitar pace

Syncopation

Steady tempo



M o y

W h y d o e s m y H e a r t e e l s o B a d ?

M o y


M o y


M o y W h y d o e s m y H e a r t e e l

s o B a d ?


s o B a d ?


s o B a d ?

M e l o d y :Sampled vocals

�2 main melodies

T on a l it y :D iatonic

�A minor ( D orian mode)

�No clear modulation

H a r m on y :�Root position triads

�Limited chords used

�Chord progression: 8 bar

Some sustained chords

Dyn a mics :�No dynamics indicated

�Changes with texture

In s t r u m en ts &V o ices :�All synthesised / sample

D rum machine

�Vocal sample ¶messy·

R h y t h m,M e t r e an dT e mpo :

�Quadruple 4 / 4

�Not clear at the start

Syncopated melody

�98 bpm




s o B a d ?


s o B a d ?


s o B a d ?

T e xt ur e :�Builds gradually intro- vI

�Thins for 2 nd chorus

�Final verse very thin

St r uct ur e :�Intro, verse, chorus, verse, chorus,

verse

Us e of t e chn o l o gy :Synthesiser

Samples / uses sampler

D elay, EQ and delay

C a p e rc a i l l i eS k y e W au l k ingS ong



M e l o d y :O ftenimprovised

VocalInstruments play countermelody

Tonality:E minorpentatonic

¤ major pentatonic

Harmony:Strummed chords

4 ChordsInfrequent changes



C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n

C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n

C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n

C a p e r c a i l l i e S k y e W a u l k i n S o n

Rh ythm, met r e&t e m p o :Ambiguous 6 / 8 or 12 / 8Becomes clearly 12 / 8

Dynamics:Changes with textureLong fade out at end

Instruments& Voices:Modern and folk

Accordion, piano, synthFlute, whistle, pipes

G uitar, fiddle, bouzouki, drum

Texture:Heterophonic

Complex counterpoint

Structure:8verses

Intro, outro andbreak s

Use of Technology:Use of synthesisers¥



K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

Mel ody:O ften impr ov ised

Vocals and balafonsRepetition / ostinati

Tonality:¦ b major

Harmony:O ctavesand fifths

O ften unison

Rhythm, metre & tempo:Syncopation

Cross and polyrhythmsConstant tempo

Dynamics:Largely unvaried

Instruments& Voices:Voices

BalafonsD onno, dundun, djembe



K o k o Y i r i

K o k o Y i r i

R a e s h 1 . A n o u

s h k a S h a n k a r

. C h i r a n j i L a l T a n w a r . B e n j y W e r t m e i n e r

S t e v e G o r n

R a e s h 1 . A n o u s h k a S h a n k a r . C h i r a n j i L a l T a n w a r . B e n j y W e r t m e i n e r

S t e v e G o r n


S t e v e G o r n


S t e v e G o r n

T e xt u r e :MonophonicPolyphonic

Heterophonic

Structure:Call and response

Melody:Mostly improvised

1-sitar2-voice

3-bansuri

Tonality:Based on notes of rag

Not major / minor

Harmony:Use of drone notes

No harmony or chords

Rhythm, metre & tempo:1- Jhaptal (10beats)2- Keherwa (8beats)3- Rupak Tal (7beats)

Tempo changes- structure






S t e v e G o r n




S t e v e G o r n




S t e v e G o r n


S t e v e G o r n

y n a mics :Changes with texture

Instruments& Voices:O ften 2 instruments

Solos / improvisations

Texture:Monophonic

Then melody with drone

Structure:Alap,jhor, jhalla, gat

Uses pre-composed ideas

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