Musculo-skeletal SystemMusculo-skeletal System
Overview of musculo-skeletal Overview of musculo-skeletal systemsystem
Musculo-skeletal system is composed of:◦Muscles◦Bones◦Cartilage◦Ligaments◦Tendons
TASKTASKWhat does the musculoskeletal
system do?◦Write down some ideas.
What does the What does the musculoskeletal system do?musculoskeletal system do?Its functions is to allow:
◦Movement◦Maintenance of posture◦Support◦Protection of internal organs◦Heat production
Muscular system Muscular system
MusclesMusclesThree main types of muscle:
1. Cardiac Heart muscle
2. Smooth Found in internal organs
3. Skeletal Also known as voluntary muscles Attached to bones on the skeleton Over 600 in the body
Types of voluntary Types of voluntary musclesmusclesMuscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs: ◦As one muscle contracts, the other
muscle relaxes.
There are different types of muscles. Each has a different function and they usually work in pairs.
Extensors and FlexorsAdductors and AbductorsLevators and DepressorsConstrictors
Types of voluntary musclesTypes of voluntary muscles
Extensors ◦ open a joint
Adductors ◦ move body part inwards
Levators ◦ move body part upwards
Constrictors (circular muscles so do not have a pair; also called sphincter muscles)◦ Close openings
Flexors
Abductors
Depressors
Here are some functions the pairs of muscles. What is the function of the other half to the pair?
Types of voluntary musclesTypes of voluntary muscles
Extensors ◦ open a joint
Adductors ◦ move body part inwards
Levators ◦ move body part upwards
Constrictors (circular muscles so do not have a pair; also called sphincter muscles)◦ Close openings
Flexors ◦ close a joint
Abductors◦ move body part outwards
Depressors◦ move body part
downwards
Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC pairs: As one contracts the other relaxes.
A synovial jointA synovial joint
Synovial jointSynovial joint
Task: Main Parts of a Task: Main Parts of a Synovial JointSynovial Joint
Look up in the textbook or using internet resources to find the function of the following parts of a synovial joint\;
BoneArticular CartilageSynovial membraneSynovial fluidLigamentsTendons
Main Parts of a Synovial Main Parts of a Synovial JointJointBone:
◦ Mixture of protein, collagen and minerals e.g. calciumArticular Cartilage:
◦ Smooth tissue which protects bones and stops them grating by reducing friction
Synovial membrane◦ Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid◦ Acts like a lubricant, helps bones slide over each other
Ligaments◦ Holds bones together and prevents over extension of joint
Tendons◦ Connects muscle to bone
Movement of the forearmMovement of the forearm
Movement of the forearmMovement of the forearmMuscles get shorter when they
contract◦Big biceps when you flex your arm!
Muscles get longer and more stretched out when they relax◦Flat biceps when you put your arm
down!
Task: making a model armTask: making a model armMake the model arm and
complete the worksheet.
◦Follow all instructions on the sheet
Answers to questionsAnswers to questionsWhen the biceps contract and the triceps
relax the forearm moves upwards
When the triceps contract and the biceps relax the forearm moves downards
We call this an Antagonistic Pair, meaning as one muscle contracts the other relaxes.
Label the parts of the forearm.
Answers to forearm Answers to forearm labellinglabelling
Skeleton Skeleton
Skeleton functionsSkeleton functionsIts functions is to allow:
◦Movement◦Support◦Protection of internal organs
Major organs and their Major organs and their skeletal protection: Copy & skeletal protection: Copy & CompleteCompleteBody system Organprotected Part of the skeleton
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system
Renal system
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Major organs and their Major organs and their skeletal protectionskeletal protectionBody system Organ protected Part of the
skeleton
Nervous system Brain Skull
Spinal Cord Spinal column
Sense organs e.g. Ears, eyes
Skull
Respiratory system
Lungs & bronchi Rib cage, spinal column, sternum
Cardiovascular system
Heart & major blood vessels
Rib cage, spinal column, sternum
Renal system Kidneys Rib cage and spinal column
Digestive system Liver Rib cage
Reproductive system
Ovaries, uterus Pelvis
