Download - Muscles, Joints and Movement
Raymond G Buick FRCS
9 mins
A muscle is a tissue that has the ability to contract
Types of Muscle tissue: Skeletal Cardiac Smooth muscle
Skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated
However, the term “striated”, usually refers to skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal Muscle – striated muscle
Consists of parallel bundles of long multinucleate fibres
Produces the movements of the skeleton
Parts of the skeletal muscle
Fleshy Part: belly, contractile Fibrous Part: Tendon or Aponerosis
Less elastic Less vascular Resistant to friction
Fleshy Belly
Tendon
Each muscle fibre is an individual muscle cell
It has an outer cell membrane called sarcolemma
The cell cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm
Nuclei are multiple, oval in shape and peripherally placed
Epimysium covers the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicles
Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
Epimysium covers the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicles
Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
Epimysium covers the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicles
Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
Fascicle
Epimysium covers the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicles
Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
Endomysium
Epimysium covers the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicles
Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
Sarcolemma is the outer cell membrane
sarcolemma
Individual muscle cell
A tendon (sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue. Usually connects muscle to bone Consolodation of collagen fibres in the perimysium and epimysium. Maximises efficiency of the muscle in moving a bone Strong Collagen
Aponeurosis
Some muscles (especially flattened muscles) are attached to each other. aponeurosis (pleural: aponeuroses) anterolateral abdominal wall a layer of a flat broad tendon shiny, whitish-silvery colour, histologically similar to tendons few blood vessels and nerves
Aponeurosis
anterolateral abdominal wall Lumbar Palmer and planter scalp
like tendons tightly packed collagen bundles arranged in parallel respond to stress from a single direction attach bones to each other stabalise joints
KNEE JOINT
foetal remnant peritoneal fold
foetal remnant ligamentum arteriosum remnant of ductus arteriosus
peritoneal fold ligamentum teres
layer of connective tissue
superficial
deep
layer of connective tissue
superficial fascia - subcutaneous connective tissue - lies beneath / merges with dermis - fibro fatty layer -fibroblasts - aqueous matrix - elastin - collagen - fat - lymphatic tissue
deep fascia beneath the superficial fascia ensheaths muscles
helps attach them to bones provides attachment for intermuscular septa which partitian muscle
groups – muscle compartments
fibrous – sparce fat and fluid thin and expansile substantial layers, very tough - esp. in neck & limbs non-expansile sleeves investing groups of muscles very thick bands – retinacula
deep fascia The UP side of fascia
movement – minimal friction venous return in legs pus retained within a compartment
The DOWN side of fascia important in disease potential spaces between fascia - track through between
facial layers Compartment syndrome
A lubrication device - flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing a film of synovial fluid.
Reduces friction between: - tendons and surrounding structures, or - bone and skin (e.g. prepatellar bursa)
Occasionally bursae may communicate with the cavity of a synovial joint, e.g. the suprapatellar bursae of the knee joint, and the subscapularis bursae of the shoulder joint
Raymond G Buick FRCS