Transcript
Page 1: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

MOON

THE ORBITING SATELLITE OF EARTH.

Page 2: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

INTRODUCTION TO MOON

THE MOON (GREEK: ΣΕΛΉΝΗ, SELENE; LATIN: LUNA) IS EARTH'S ONLY NATURAL SATELLITE. IT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST NATURAL SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM, AND, AMONG PLANETARY SATELLITES, THE LARGEST RELATIVE TO THE SIZE OF THE PLANET IT ORBITS (ITS PRIMARY). IT IS THE SECOND-DENSEST SATELLITE AMONG THOSE WHOSE DENSITIES ARE KNOWN (AFTER JUPITER'S SATELLITE IO).THE MOON IS THOUGHT TO HAVE FORMED APPROXIMATELY 4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO, NOT LONG AFTER EARTH. THERE ARE SEVERAL HYPOTHESES FOR ITS ORIGIN; THE MOST WIDELY ACCEPTED EXPLANATION IS THAT THE MOON FORMED FROM THE DEBRIS LEFT OVER AFTER A GIANT IMPACT BETWEEN EARTH AND A MARS-SIZED BODY CALLED THEIA.

Page 3: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

MOON PHASES

EACH MONTH OUR MOON PASSES THROUGH EIGHT PHASES. THESE PHASES ARE NAMED AFTER HOW MUCH OF THE MOON WE CAN SEE, AND WHETHER THE AMOUNT VISIBLE IS INCREASING, OR DECREASING EACH DAY.

IT TAKES OUR MOON ABOUT 29.5 DAYS TO COMPLETELY CYCLE THROUGH ALL EIGHT PHASES. OCCASIONALLY (ABOUT EVERY 2.7 YEARS) THERE ARE TWO FULL MOONS IN THE SAME MONTH. THIS IS REFERRED TO AS A BLUE MOON. HENCE THE SAYING "ONCE IN A BLUE MOON".

Page 4: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

ECLIPSE

AN ECLIPSE IS AN ASTRONOMICAL EVENT THAT OCCURS WHEN AN ASTRONOMICAL OBJECT IS TEMPORARILY OBSCURED, EITHER BY PASSING INTO THE SHADOW OF ANOTHER BODY OR BY HAVING ANOTHER BODY PASS BETWEEN IT AND THE VIEWER. AN ECLIPSE IS A TYPE OF SYZYGY.THE TERM ECLIPSE IS MOST OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE EITHER A SOLAR ECLIPSE, WHEN THE MOON'S SHADOW CROSSES THE EARTH'S SURFACE, OR A LUNAR ECLIPSE, WHEN THE MOON MOVES INTO THE EARTH'S SHADOW. HOWEVER, IT CAN ALSO REFER TO SUCH EVENTS BEYOND THE EARTH–MOON SYSTEM: FOR EXAMPLE, A PLANET MOVING INTO THE SHADOW CAST BY ONE OF ITS MOONS, A MOON PASSING INTO THE SHADOW CAST BY ITS HOST PLANET, OR A MOON PASSING INTO THE SHADOW OF ANOTHER MOON. A BINARY STAR SYSTEM CAN ALSO PRODUCE ECLIPSES IF THE PLANE OF THE ORBIT OF ITS CONSTITUENT STARS INTERSECTS THE OBSERVER'S POSITION.

Page 5: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

THE TWO TYPES OF ECLIPSES

LUNAR ECLIPSEA LUNAR ECLIPSE OCCURS WHEN THE MOON PASSES DIRECTLY BEHIND THE EARTH INTO ITS UMBRA (SHADOW). THIS CAN OCCUR ONLY WHEN THE SUN, EARTH AND MOON ARE ALIGNED (IN "SYZYGY") EXACTLY, OR VERY CLOSELY SO, WITH THE EARTH IN THE MIDDLE. HENCE, A LUNAR ECLIPSE CAN OCCUR ONLY THE NIGHT OF A FULL MOON.

SOLAR ECLIPSE

AS SEEN FROM THE EARTH, A SOLAR ECLIPSE IS A TYPE OF ECLIPSE THAT OCCURS WHEN THE MOON PASSES BETWEEN THE SUN AND EARTH, AND THE MOON FULLY OR PARTIALLY BLOCKS ("OCCULTS") THE SUN. THIS CAN HAPPEN ONLY AT NEW MOON, WHEN THE SUN AND THE MOON ARE IN CONJUNCTION AS SEEN FROM EARTH IN AN ALIGNMENT REFERRED TO AS SYZYGY.

Page 6: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

THE GIANT-IMPACT HYPOTHESIS

THE GIANT-IMPACT HYPOTHESIS, SOMETIMES CALLED THE BIG SPLASH, OR THE THEIA IMPACT SUGGESTS THAT EARTH'S MOON FORMED OUT OF THE DEBRIS LEFT OVER FROM AN INDIRECT COLLISION BETWEEN EARTH AND AN ASTRONOMICAL BODY THE SIZE OF MARS, APPROXIMATELY 4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO, IN THE HADEAN EON; ABOUT 20 TO 100 MILLION YEARS AFTER THE SOLAR SYSTEM COALESCED. THE COLLIDING BODY IS SOMETIMES CALLED THEIA, FROM THE NAME OF THE MYTHICAL GREEK TITAN WHO WAS THE MOTHER OF SELENE, THE GODDESS OF THE MOON.

Page 7: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

COLONIZATION OF THE MOONTHE COLONIZATION OF THE MOON IS THE PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF PERMANENT HUMAN COMMUNITIES OR ROBOT INDUSTRIES ON THE MOON.RECENT INDICATION THAT WATER MIGHT BE PRESENT IN NOTEWORTHY QUANTITIES AT THE LUNAR POLES HAS RENEWED INTEREST IN THE MOON. POLAR COLONIES COULD ALSO AVOID THE PROBLEM OF LONG LUNAR NIGHTS – ABOUT 354 HOURS, A LITTLE MORE THAN TWO WEEKS – AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE SUN CONTINUOUSLY, AT LEAST DURING THE LOCAL SUMMER (THERE IS NO DATA FOR THE WINTER YET).PERMANENT HUMAN HABITATION ON A PLANETARY BODY OTHER THAN THE EARTH IS ONE OF SCIENCE FICTION'S MOST PREVALENT THEMES. AS TECHNOLOGY HAS ADVANCED, AND CONCERNS ABOUT THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY ON EARTH HAVE INCREASED, THE ARGUMENT THAT SPACE COLONIZATION IS AN ACHIEVABLE AND WORTHWHILE GOAL HAS GAINED MOMENTUM. BECAUSE OF ITS PROXIMITY TO EARTH, THE MOON HAS BEEN SEEN AS THE MOST OBVIOUS NATURAL EXPANSION AFTER EARTH. THERE ARE ALSO VARIOUS PROJECTS IN NEAR FUTURE BY SPACE TOURISM STARTUP COMPANIES FOR TOURISM ON THE MOON.

Page 8: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

FACTS ABOUT MOONHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SDTW-TWEQZG

MOON BASEHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=YV9HMW64E60

Page 9: Moon presentation by Asad Ali

MADE BY: ASAD ALI, FAHD KHAN, MUHAMMAD SHAHZAIB


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