Download - Management vs. Labor
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Management vs. Labor
“Tools” of Management
“Tools” of Labor
“scabs” P. R. campaign Pinkertons lockout blacklisting yellow-dog
contracts court injunctions open shop
boycotts sympathy
demonstrations informational
picketing closed shops organized
strikes “wildcat” strikes
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Unions• Craft vs. Industrial• The craft unionist advocates sorting workers into
exclusive groups of skilled workers, or workers sharing a particular trade. The organization operates, and the rules are formulated primarily to benefit members of that particular group.
• The industrial unionist sees advantage in organizing by industry. The local organization is broader and deeper, with less opportunity for employers to turn one group of workers against another.
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Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!
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Goals of the Knights of Laborù Industrial Union
ù Skilled and unskilled laborersù Employers are the new “slave power”ù Eight-hour workday.ù Worker-owned factories.ù Equal pay for men and women.ù Safety codes in the workplace.ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
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The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers
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How the AF of L Would Help the
Workersù Craft Unionù Skilled worker.ù Represented workers in national legislation.ù National strike fund.ù Prevented disputes among the many craft
unions.ù Mediated disputes between management and
labor.ù Closed shops.
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The Socialists
Eugene V. Debs
• Vs. capitalism & Private Control
• Problem unequal wealth distribution
• Problem inevitable concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands
• Want GOV’T. control to ensure fairer distribution of the benefits of wealth.
• Necessity of class conflict• Difference Peaceful vs.
violent upheaval
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Socialism vs. Communism• From James D. Forman’s 1974 book,
“Fascism.”– Democratic socialism, favoring government
ownership of the principal means of production, found gradual acceptance in the more advanced and industrialized nations through persuasion and the ballot box rather than by force and violence. Communism, with its revolutionary programs directed toward the same economic ends as democratic socialism, addressed itself to the bloody overthrow of capitalism everywhere, but it met with little success where the parent system was firmly planted.
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Anarchists 1886
• Government unfairly restricts freedom of workers.• “New Order” needs to be achieved that represents the laborers.
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International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)More aggressive
union of industrial workers.
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“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.
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I W W & the Internationale
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The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
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Union Struggles
• AFL opposed by National Association of Manufacturers & the radical IWW. IWW:– Class conflict– Worker takeover
• Manufacturer Assoc:– Spies– Injunction– Yellow Dog Contracts.
• Lack of UNITY damages possibility of success.
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The “Formul
a”
unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists