Judaism over the Centuries
The Big Idea
Although they were forced out of Israel by the Romans, shared beliefs and customs helped Jews
maintain their religion.
Main Ideas
• Revolt, defeat, and migration led to great changes in Jewish culture.
• Because Jews settled in different parts of the world, two cultural traditions formed.
• Jewish traditions and holy days celebrate their history and religion.
MAIN IDEA 1:REVOLT, DEFEAT, AND MIGRATION LED TO GREAT
CHANGES IN JEWISH CULTURE.
• The Zealots, a group of people who thought that Jews shouldn’t answer to anyone but God, refused to answer to the Romans and revolted.
• During the battles, the Second Temple was destroyed. The Romans finally won in AD 73.
• The Romans killed much of the Jewish population as punishment.
A SECOND REVOLT
• Jews in Jerusalem revolted against the Romans in the 130s.
• After winning the second revolt, the Romans declared that any Jew caught in or near the city would be killed. This increased Jewish migration to the Mediterranean region.
• Because the Jews no longer had a single temple in which to worship, local synagogues and rabbis became important in guiding their religious lives.
MAIN IDEA 2:BECAUSE JEWS SETTLED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
WORLD, TWO CULTURAL TRADITIONS FORMED.
• Jewish communities in various parts of the world developed different customs, including language and rituals.
• One of the two traditions, Ashkenazim, is made up of Jews who moved to France, Germany, and eastern Europe.
• They developed their own language called Yiddish.
MAIN IDEA 2:BECAUSE JEWS SETTLED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
WORLD, TWO CULTURAL TRADITIONS FORMED.
• Another group of descendants, called the Sephardim, lived in what is now Spain and Portugal.
• They mixed with non-Jews, borrowing elements from their culture and producing a golden age of Jewish culture.
Hanukkah
• This holiday honors the rededication of the Second Temple.
• It is celebrated by lighting candles in a menorah.
• The eight days represent the amount of time the oil burned during the rededication.
Passover
• This is a time for Jews to remember the Exodus.
• They eat only flat bread and have a ritual meal called the seder.
MAIN IDEA 3: JEWISH TRADITIONS AND HOLY DAYS CELEBRATE
THEIR HISTORY AND RELIGION.
High Holy Days
• The first two days, Rosh Hashanah, celebrate the beginning of the Jewish new year.
• On Yom Kippur, the most holy day, they fast all day and ask God for forgiveness of their sins.