Download - Lecture 22a
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Basic Psychological Needs TheoryBasic Psychological Needs Theory
The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Well-Being
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Basic Psychological NeedsBasic Psychological Needs
Needs versus desires
Essential to growth and wellness
Universal rather than cultural
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Basic Psychological NeedsBasic Psychological Needs
and Welland Well- -BeingBeing
Well-Being
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
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The Importance of Need SatisfactionThe Importance of Need Satisfaction
I n various domains:Work, athletics, education, parenting, prosocial behavior,relationships, health care
Across the lifespan:Early childhood, adolescence, old age
Across cultures:Bulgaria, Russia, Canada, Brazil, South Korea, China
Across gender Across social class
Further, the balance of need satisfaction is conducive well-beingSheldon & Niemiec (2006), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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SDT and HealthSDT and Health
Each year, ~300,000 Americans contribute to their own premature mortality
Thus, motivation is an important consideration in thepromotion of healthy behavior
SDTs focus in the health-care domain is broadTobacco useDiabetes self-managementPhysical activityDental care
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The Smokers Health StudyThe Smokers Health Study
Based on the principles of SDT
Autonomy is the clinical goal
Facilitate internalization of ASR and PC
Effects on long-term tobacco abstinence
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3030--month Tobacco Abstinencemonth Tobacco Abstinence
Williams, Niemiec, Patrick, Ryan, & Deci (2009), Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37 ,
315-324.
Treatment Condition
Change in PerceivedCompetence
.61***
.24***
.29***
.15***
.09**
.08*
Change in Autonomous Self-Regulation
.14***Medication Use 24-month Prolonged Abstinence
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Diabetes Self Diabetes Self- -ManagementManagement
Williams, Patrick, Niemiec, et al. (2009). T he Diabetes Educator, 35 , 484-492
.15***.42***
.05.13 -.31***
-.33***
.35***
.29***
PerceivedCompetence
Quality of Life Non-HDLCholesterol
GlycemicControl
Autonomy Support Autonomous Self-Regulation
.18
.13 .09
DP CP DS CS
MedicationAdherence
.30 .14 .15 .11
HbA1c Glucose
.87 .44
.11
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L ife Goals, or AspirationsL ife Goals, or Aspirations
Organize and direct behavior over extended periods of time(Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996)
Two classes of aspirations: intrinsic and extrinsic
Intrinsic = personal growth, close relationships, communitycontribution, physical health
Extrinsic = money, fame, image
The relation of aspirations to basic psychological needs
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Aspirations andAspirations and
Psychological HealthPsychological HealthImportance of intrinsic, relative to extrinsic, aspirations isrelated to:
Self-actualization, vitality, positive affect, satisfying relationshipsDepression, physical symptoms, narcissism
Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996, 2001
Intrinsic, relative to extrinsic, work value orientation:Dedication, vitality, satisfactionShort-lived satisfaction, work-family conflict, emotionalexhaustion, turn-over intentionAssociations are mediated by BPN satisfaction
Vansteenkiste, Neyrinck, Niemiec, et al. (2007), J ournal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80 , 251-277
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Aspiration AttainmentAspiration AttainmentNiemiec, Ryan, & Deci (2009),Niemiec, Ryan, & Deci (2009), J ournal of Research in Personality, 43 J ournal of Research in Personality, 43 , 291, 291--306.306.
-.66**
.00
Ex trinsic Attainment
F IM
.21 .45 .49
.44
Ill-Being
PS NAAN
.92 .30 .74
.29
Ex trinsic Importance
F IM
.49 .54 .69
Time 1 Time 2 Time 2
.67**
Intrinsic Importance
PG CI PHCR
.12 .29 .15 .54
.51**
Well-Being
SE PALS
.63 .58 .60
.59
.77**
Intrinsic Attainment
PG CI PHCR
.69 .50 .36 .51
.26
.38**
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ConclusionsConclusions
The importance of self-awarenessThe ancient Greek aphorism, Know thyself
Inscribed above the entrance to the Temple of Apollo at Delphi
L ife withoutexamination is not worth livingSocrates assertion made to those who sentenced him to death;
Plato, T he Last Days of Socrates
He who knows himself is enlightenedL au Tzu, T ao T e Ching