Superpower Espionage

November 5, 2015

HI 299V

Academic Writing & Subordination

In academic writing you are judged by your ability to analyze, organize and articulate ideas.

These tasks are thought processes that can’t be isolated from the writing process.

In many ways, we don’t discover what our thoughts are on a particular topic until we start writing.

Often, inexperienced writers fail to make these thought processes explicit, and assume that they are obvious to the reader.

In academic writing, where clear thinking is a top priority, you have to make your thought processes explicit in the sentence structures so that the way you write your sentences supports the point you are trying to make in your analysis and argument. NO SUBORDINATION:

“Modern students may often have heard the term rhetoric used. They probably do not have a clear idea of what it means. Their uncertainty is understandable. The word has acquired many meanings.”

These four sentences are grammatically correct, but they just state facts in isolation. There is no analysis of the facts and no relationship between them. The minute you establish a logical relationship between them, a line of thought emerges. This line of thought comes about because some ideas are subordinated to others in a logical way.

SUBORDINATION:

“Although modern students may often have heard the term rhetoric used, they probably do not have a clear idea of what it means. Their uncertainty is understandable because the word has acquired many meanings.”Although establishes concession, and because states a reason.DEFINITIONS: A MAIN CLAUSE has a subject and a verb/predicate and has no conjunction that subordinates it to another clause. It is independent and can stand on its own whereas a subordinate clause is always connected to a main clause.

The Man from the party is a jerk.

He stole my stamp collection last week.

Subject

Predicate Verb in

red

Subject Predicate

Predicate = part of a sentence (or clause) that tells us what the subject does or is. In other words, the predicate is everything that is not the subject

A SUBORDINATE or DEPENDENT CLAUSE is introduced by a subordinating conjunction and always has a subject and a verb/predicate: when you write ( subordinating conjunction. + subject + verb and what follows the verb). When you become conscious of the need for subordination and learn to use it correctly, you give yourself an important tool to improve your writing. Subordinating conjunctions signal many different logical relationships. EXAMPLES OF SUBORDINATION:

If you work and have small children you must juggle conflicting responsibilities.

The store closed when the owner died.

COORDINATION: The second step in the process of learning to use subordination is to recognize its opposite: COORDINATION. If subordination means that one clause is reduced to secondary importance compared to another, coordination means that two clauses, put side by side, are of equal importance and weight. You can join main clauses in two ways: Use a comma and one of the seven coordinating conjunctions, here shown in italics: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet (use FAN BOYS to remember) The economists considered budget cuts, and the politicians thought of votes. Or link the two main clauses with a semicolon: The economists considered budget cuts; the politicians thought of votes.

Course Schedule Pre-Midterm Lecture Schedule

10. New Players & Secret Wars 11. Superpower Espionage & Spies in the Vatican12. Spies, Moles, & Technological Espionage13. Crisis Intelligence & the World of Corporate Espionage14. Hacktivists, Cypherpunks, & Wikileakers… the Technical Revolution

Continues15. Penetration, Sunken Subs, and & Bulgarian Umbrella Film – The Lives of Others Film – The Lives of Others

• Assignment 2 Due (35%)

16. A Big Brother’s World: Domestic Surveillance in Canada & East Germany

17. A New World of Disorder 18. Final Exam Review

Divided by an Iron Curtain

Attachés, Travelers, & Agents

• American HUMINT & Attachés

• U.S. - U.K. Travel Folder Program• Industrial, military, & scientific facilities

American Embassy in the Soviet Union

Attachés, Travelers, & Agents

• CIA’s Project REDSKIN• Nonofficial Travelers• Visual observations• Closed gaps

1950s Soviet Transportation

Attachés, Travelers, & Agents• Lieutenant Colonel Peter Popov• Code-name: ATTIC• Popov’s spoils… & ultimate fate

“I am a Russian officer attached to the Soviet Group of Forces Headquarters in Baden bei Wein. If you are interested in buying a copy of the new table of organization for a Soviet armored division, meet me on the corner of Dorotheergasse and Stallaburgasse at 8:30 P.M., November 12. If you are not there I will return at the same time on November 13. The price is 3,000 Austrian schillings.”

US Ground Stations & SIGINT• Turkey’s ideal location• Proximity to Black Sea• Soviet training gound

Tunneling In: Operation GOLD

• CIA-SIS joint operation

• Tap Soviet landlines

• The Soviet’s “fortuitous” discovery• George Blake

• Benefits from GOLD

IDEALIST

• Telemetry signals identified

• CIA on their own

• “Kelly” Johnson of Lockheed

U-2 Spy Plane

Unclassified Name: Utility 2 Classified Code-Name: IDEALIST

IDEALIST• National Advisory Committee on

Aeronautics (NACA) cover strory• Meteorological studies

• First official flight: July 4, 1956

• Soviet MiG fighters

• U-2 findings• Contradictions

• Diplomatic Protests

Soviet’s HUMINT Agents

• Soviet blackmail• John Vassall

• Hugh Hambleton

John Vassall

Soviet “Wet Affairs”• Thirteenth Department of the First Chief

Directorate • Nikita Khrushchev

• Émigré organizations • Georgiy Okolovich (People’s Labour League)• Captain Nikolay Khokhlov• Thallium

• Exotic assassination devicesNikolay Khokhlov

Didn’t You Know Smoking Can Kill You?