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Leadership

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Learning Objectives

What is leadership? Example of Leadership Characteristics of Leadership Difference between Management and

Leadership Qualities of Leadership Importance of Leadership Functions of Leadership Theories of Leadership Types of Leadership Problems under different types of Leadership Conclusion

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What Is Leadership?

Leader-: Is a person who can influence the behavior of others without having rely on force- that is person accepted by others as Leader

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Example of Leadership

ADOLF HITLER

Leadership Qualities Many Followers Continuing Process Transform Potential into Reality Responsibility

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Characteristics of Leadership

Followers Ideal Conduct Continuing Process Responsibility Harmony of Interests Management Part Influence Others Transform Potential into reality

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Difference between Management and Leadership

Activity Management Leadership

Creating an agenda

Planning and Budgeting

Establishing Direction

Developing a human network to achieve that goal

Organizing and Staffing

Aligning People

Executing plans Controlling and problem solving

Motivating and inspiring

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Difference between Management and Leadership

Activity Management Leadership

Outcomes Produces a degree of predictability

Produces change

Cont….

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Qualities of leadership

The success of any organization depends upon the leadership who possesses required qualities, it can easily attain its desired objectives. Various scholars have mentioned different qualities but leadership must possess some qualities.

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Qualities of a good leader

Intelligence competence Self confidence Patience Capacity to take decisions Sense of responsibility Ability to motivate Ability to communicate Mental ability Flexibility Integrity

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Importance of Leadership

Basis of cooperation between organization and personnel

Direction of group efforts Development of the spirit of coordination Source of Motivation To convert management into social process To facilitate execution Helpful in introducing change For the success of the organization

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Functions of Leadership

To define organizational objective To incorporate the objective in organizational

framework To guide and initiate action To understand the feelings and problems of his

subordinate To secure cooperation To maintain discipline To provide effective communication To maintain the identity of the organization To develop morality among the group To represent the organization.

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THEORIES OF

LEADERSHIP

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TRAIT THEORY

Successful leader - possess certain traits a) Physical b) Mental c) Moral “Leaders are born not made”

Criticism :-Situational factors More important qualityCan be acquired as well

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SITUATION THEORY

Situation – Favorable :- Effective

Situation – Unfavorable:- Ineffective

Criticism:-How to make effective leader so that success can be guaranteed.

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FOLLOWER APPROACH THEORY

Consider the personality of the follower. OR Learn nature of followers Successful leader – one who strives to satisfy different needs of the follower like a) Physiological b) Security c) Social d) Ego and confidence related needs.

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BEHAVIORAL APPROACH THEORY

Emphasis on behavior of leader.

Effectiveness- What the leader does?

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FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

Study of individual and situation.

Study leader as a group not as an individual

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X AND Y THEORY

X theory :- individual is unwilling to work Fear ,reprimands and step by step directions are necessary to make people work.

Y theory :- individual works according to his own free will

Theory Y should be adopted so that individual get proper opportunities to use their 1. Imaginative power2. Intelligence3. Initiative and other ability.

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TYPES OF

LEADERSHIP

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Power Based Leadership Style

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Autocratic

Quick decision & Centralised power Downward communication Formal relationship with employees Strict control and negative cohesive De-motivation, low morale and low

productivity May be valuable in business where

decisions need to be made quickly or employees are less capable.

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Autocratic

Examples 1. Hitler 2. Saddam Hussein

Leader

AB C

D

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Democratic

Decision making through consultation Improves the quality of decision Decentralised authority Employees participation in

management High motivation and high morale High efficiency and productivity Development of employees &

enterprise Delay in decision making

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Democratic Democratic

B

C D

LEADER

A

Examples 1. Bill Gates 2. Mahatma Gandhi

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Laissez-Faire orFree-rein Leadership

‘Leave it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared by all employees

All decision are taken by subordinates independently

Full faith and trust on subordinates Provide high level motivation Open and free communication Helpful in expansion of enterprise Decision making time-consuming May be suitable where employees are

highly educated and competent

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Free rein Free rein Free rein Leadership

A

B

C

D

Leader

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Result Based Leadership Style

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Employee Oriented Leadership

Maximum importance is given to followers.

Focus on organizing and developing employees

Helps in motivation Employees are loyal towards enterprise. Improve job satisfaction and morale Create congenial environment and

provide quick solution to complaints.

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Production Oriented Leadership

Focus on increase in productivity Control on quantity & cost of production Adopt new techniques of production Low morale Create feeling of insecurity & instability

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Factors Affecting Style

Leader's own preference Types of employees-capable or not. Type of business organisation– creative

business or supply driven. How important change is –

change for change’s sake? Nature of the task – needing

cooperation? Direction? Structure?

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Different problems in different style of Leadership

Distance from followers Angry by nature Instability in behavior No knowledge of human nature Lack of foresightedness

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Inferiority complex Inability in presenting his outlook Priority to monetary incentives Inability to get cooperation Lack of qualities of leadership

Cont….

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Conclusion

Leaders must be flexible able to adopt any style by the situation.

Leadership is best in an organization where leader is not required at all.

Leaders should have trust on his followers.


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