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Page 1: Labor Movement

Labor Movement

Page 2: Labor Movement

The National Labor Union1866 founded by William Sylviscalled for 8 hour work day1872, formed Labor

Reform Party1873, depression hits =

union dissolved

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Great Railroad Strike, 1877

Panic of 1873 RR decrease wages 10% Spontaneous Strikes began across nation Governors call in militia = violence 18 people killed in Penn. All trains shut down Over 100 people killed First incidence of violence in labor movement

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Molly Maguires Irish Miners in Pennsylvaniasecret organizationcommitted acts of sabotage & murder infiltrated by Pinkertons10 men convicted of murder &

hangedMollies Defeated, mining conditions

worsen

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Knights of Labor

founded in 1878by Terrence V. Powderlymembership open to all workers

skilled & unskilledmen & womenall races, religions, & ethnic

groups

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Goals of Knights8 hour dayend to child laborend to convict laborequal pay for women &

minoritiessafety codes for workplacenationalization of RR &

telegraph

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Haymarket Square, 1886 May Day

demonstration for 8 hour day

Strike at McCormick reaper factory, Chicago

May 4th rally in Haymarket Square

3000 attend

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Bomb thrown--7 policemen dead

Police fire on crowd—12 dead

Newspapers blame unions

8 anarchist arrested & charge with instigation

4 hanged, 1 suicide, 3 jailed then aquitted

Destroyed Knights of Labor

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United Mine Workersfounded by John L LewisGoals:

8 hour dayend child labor in minessafety codes for mineshealth care for workers with

“Black Lung”

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American Railway Union founded by Eugene

Debs, 1893sought to unite all

workers on Railroads

wanted shorter hours & better wages

Debs jailed during Pullman Strike

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IWW: IndustrialWorkers of the World founded in 1905 lead by Big Bill Haywood

also Joe Hill & Mary Harris “Mother” Jones revolutionaries

Lawrence Textile Mill Strike“Bread & Roses”

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AFL: American Federation of Labor

founded 1881by Samuel Gompers

full-time union officials to...organize, negotiate, control strikes

skilled workers onlyno women or minorities

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