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Important Inventions and discoveries
Inventions and discoveries in Physics and Chemistry
AndersonDiscovered positive electrons.
ArchimedesDiscovery of the Principles of lever and of specific gravity; invention of
the famous Archimedean screw.
AvogadroAn Italian scientist known for Avogadros Hypothesis.
ac!uerel"adio#activity of uranium.
aird$elevision.
aron %apier&ogarithms.
en'amin (ranklinInvented lightning conductor.
essemer)teel smelting process.ha*ha+ Dr H.,."esearch in -osmic rays and uantum theory.
inetIntelligence $est.
ir*al )ahni"esearches in otany.
ose+ ,.-.Invented -rescograph and pu*lished many works on plant physiology. He
discovered that plants have sense and perception.
ose+ ).%.Discovery of a group of nuclear particles named after him /oson0.
oyleoyles law; Pressure 1 volume 2 constant at a constant given temperature.
oyle was the greatest scientist of 3ngland in his time.
ohr3lectron $heoryAtomic structure.
raun+ Dr 4ernher vonspace flying.
unsenInvention of the spectroscope.
-arothers%ylon plastics.
-avendishDiscovery of chemical composition of water; discovery of hydrogen
5Inflamma*le Air6; 7rare gases.
-hadwickDiscovery of the neutron.
-handrasekhar8athematical Astrophysics.
-harles Darwin$heory of 3volution; 9rigin of )pecies.
-larke+ Arthur -.-oncept of :eostationary 9r*it.
-urie+ 8adameDiscovery of radium.
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DaltonAtomic theory; laws of chemical com*ination; law of partial pressures; the law
of multiple proportions.
Democritus:reek philosopher5Atomic theory6.
DewarInvented cordite+ li!uid o1ygen and introduced thermos flask.
3instein$heory of relativity.
3uclid)cience of geometry.
(ahrenheit(ahrenheit mercury thermometric scale in which freeing point is ? and
*oiling point is >@>?.
(araday3lectromagnetic induction and laws of electrolysis.
(ermiDiscovered artificial splitting of atoms.
(reudDoctrine of Psycho#analysis.
:ay &ussac&aw of gases.
:auss)ystem of a*solute electric measurements.
:ood earDiscovered the art of vulcanising ru**er.
Herschel+ 4illiamDiscovered the PlanetBranus.
Hert3lectrical waves.
Hippalus(ounder of scientific astronomy.
HoffmannDiscovered the first aniline dye.
Celvin+ &ordDynamical theory of heat.
Chorana+ Dr Hargo*indDeciphering the genetic code.
Codak(ilm and photographic goods.
&a*lanc8anufacture of washing soda.
&awrenceInvention of cyclotron.
&ockyerHelium gas.
&ouis raillePerfected his system of reading and writing for the *lind.
8arconi4ireless telegraphy; radio.
8aria#8ontessori78ontessori method of teaching children.
8a1well3lectro#magnetic $heory of &ight.
8eghnad )aha3ffect of pressure on "adiation through *odies.
8endel&aws of heredity.
8andeleevPeriodic $a*le.
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8orse8orse system of electric telegraphy.
%ewton&aws of gravitation; &aw of 8otion.
%o*elDynamite.
9liver &odgePhysicist. "esearches in wireless communications.
9ppenheimer"esearches in atomic theory.
9tto HahnDiscovery of uranium fission.
Parkes-elluloid.
Parsons)team tur*ine.
Pavlov$heory of -onditioned "efle1.
Perkin78auve dye.
Pitman(ounded the Pitman system of phonographic shorthand.
Planckuantum theory.
PlimsollIntroduced a line of demarcation on the ships *eyond which the ships cannot
*e loaded.
PriestleyDiscovery of 91ygen.
"aman+ -../"aman 3ffect0 on polarisation of light and theories on crystals and
diamond formation.
"amanathan8olecular scattering of light in fluids.
"amanu'amA great Indian mathematician.
"amsayDiscovery of Inert gases such as Argon+ %eon+ Helium etc.
"ay+ P.-."esearches in chemistry.
"egnault31periments in regard to the physical properties of *odies and their relation to
heat.
"oger acon:un powder.
"ontgenDiscovery of E#rays.
"ohmkorffInduction coil.
"utherfordAtomic "esearch; succeeded in splitting the atom for the first time in @F@G.
)halimarPaints.
)tephensonritish engineer and pioneer in "ailways. He was the first to put a
locomotive on the line that was a*le to draw a train of =@ carriages.
$homson+ ,.,.Discovered electron.
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$raversDiscovery of %eon gas 54orking with "amsay6.
BreyDiscovery of Heavy Hydrogen.
olta-urrent electricity and electric *attery.
Pioneers in Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries
Austin8otor -ar.
ell+ :raham$elephone.
erliner8icrophone.
re!uetHelicopter.
ushwell)u*marine.
-a1tonPrinting Press.
-olt"evolver.
Daimler:as engine.
Davy8iners )afety &.
DieselInternal -om*ustion engine 5Diesel engine6.
DunlopPneumatic tyre.
3dison(irst electric *ul* and gramophone.
(aradayDynamo.(ick&aw of Diffusion(icks &aw.
(rank 4hittle,et propulsion.
(ulton)tream *oat.
:alileo$elescope.
:illette)afety raor.
:utten*urgArt of Printing.
Hoe"otary Printing Press.
Howe)ewing 8achine.
HuygensPendulum clock.
,ames 4att)team engine 5patented in @F6.
&andstrom+ ,.3.)afety 8atches.
8acmillanicycle 5@GJ>6.
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8auser8againe of rifle.
8ercator-elestial and a terrestrial glo*e.
8ontgolfieralloon 5@GG=6
Pascal-alculating 8achine.
Puckle+ ,ames8achine gun
)hockley$ransistor.
)holes$ypewriter.
)tephenson"ailway engine.
)winton8ilitary tank.
$orricelliarometer.
4att+ "o*ert 4atson"adar.
4. K 9. 4right 54right rothers6Aeroplane 5@FL=6.
4aterman(ountain pen.
Meiss&enses; -amera.
Pioneers in Medical Inventions and Discoveries
antingInsulin 5as a palliative for dia*etes6.
arnard+ -hristian"eplacing the human heart.
rahmchari+ B.8.-ure of Cala#a#ar fever.
DavyIsolation of metals *y electricity; studied properties of chlorine.
Domagk)ulpha drugs as *actericides.
3i'kman-ause of eri#eri.
(insenDiscovered curative effect of ultra violet rays; photography.
(leming+ Ale1anderPenicillin 5in @F>F6.
Harvey-irculation of *lood.
HahnemannHomoeopathy 5founder6.
Hopkins+ (rederick :owlanditamin D.
,enner)mallpo1 accination.
Coch$u*ercle acillus.
&ainnec)tethoscope.
&ister+ &ordAntiseptic treatment.
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Pasteur+ &ouis$reatment of ra*ies; cure of hydropho*ia.
"onald "oss8alaria Parasite.
)alk+ ,onas 3.Anti#polio accine.
)impson and Harrison-hloroform.
4aksman)treptomycin.
