Download - Introduction & Application of Nano-materials-part-1

8/3/2019 Introduction & Application of Nano-materials-part-1

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OUTLINE OF THE

PRESENTATION

Introduction

History

Approaches Terms

Applications
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/c60f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/fullerene.html&h=655&w=655&sz=126&tbnid=j3DVLiD8ZXQJ:&tbnh=136&tbnw=136&prev=/images?q=bucky+ball&hl=en&lr=&oi=imagesr&start=1


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INTRODUCTIONS OF NANO

MATERIAL

A prefix that means very, very,small

The word nano is from the Greek word

Nanos meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used

to describe "one billionth" of something

prefix that means very, very,small

g, or 0.000000001.


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DEFINITION

National Nanotechnology Initiative (US)

nanotechnology is the understanding and

control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to

100 nanometers, where unique phenomena

enable novel applications. (National

Nanotechnology Initiative, n.d.).


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The Nano size

1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter or

1

1,000,000,000

= 10 -9 meter


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cm mm mm nm

10-2 10-3 10-610-4 10-5 10-7 10-8 10-9(m)

Hair

100 mmPenny2 cm

Raindrop1 mm

Red Blood Cell

5 mm

What Is A Nanometer?


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...the

chromosmesblocks can bestudied.

10-910 Angstroms1 nanometer


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History of Nanomaterial

Richard Feynman (Father

of Nanotechnology)

first introduced theidea of Nanotechnology

in a lecture called,

Theres plenty of

room at the bottom.


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In his time it was not possible to

manipulate single atoms or molecules, sohis speech was completely theoretical [2].

Feynman was an American Physicist, who

helped to develop the atomic bomb, andinvestigate the Space Shuttle Challenger

Disaster. He received the Nobel Prize in

Physics for his work on quantumelectrodynamics [3].

NO BODY PAID ANY ATTENTION AT THAT

TIME


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The Lycurgus Cup

is a Roman

artifact frombefore 640 AD.

It is di-chroic,

changing colourwhen illuminatedfrom the inside. Thiseffect is caused bygold and silver nano-particles, and waslikely produced byaccident.


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Stained GlassAs early as 500 AD,

glass artisans were

making stained glass

windows with vibrant

reds and yellows.

These colors weremuch more luminous

and durable than dyes

could produce.

They were the products of

coinage metal nano-

particles imbedded in the

glass.


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Synthesis Routes of Nanomaterial

(THE CHEMISTAPPROACH)

1. Bottom up method--

assemble atoms tonanostructures

a). Nanosphere lithography.

b). Templating, chemical,electrochemical,sonochemical, thermal andphotochemical reductiontechniques.


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Synthesis Routes of Nanomaterial

Nano Technology

Engineers/Physicists/M

aterial Scientists

2. Top down method--cutinto pieces in

nanoscale

a). Photolithography

b). Electron beam

lithography


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Some Common Terminology In Nano

Material Technology

Carbon Nano Tube Carbon nanotube

are extraordinary

macromoleculescontaining only

carbon.

They are formed by

rolling up graphene

sheets.


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Nano particles

Nanoparticles

are made out

of a wide

variety of

materials such

as metals,

metal oxide

ceramics and

silicates.Figure 4.8b. Silicate

Nanoparticles. Source : ILL.


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NanocapsulesNanocapsules

represent anynanoparticle that

consists of a shell and

a space in which

desired substances

may be placed. These

are reservoir systems

composed of apolymer membrane

surrounding a liquid

core .

Figure 4.9. Nanocapsules. Image

from: http://perso.club-

internet.fr/ajetudes/nano/inde

x.html


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Nanocrystals

Nanocrystals are also

called quantum dots.

These are capable of

confining a single

electron, or a few, intodiscrete energy states

just as they would in an

atom. Nanocrystalsexhibit all the colours of

the rainbow due to their

unique semiconductor

qualities

a family of Qdot

particles (Source: MIT),


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Dendrimers

Dendrimers are large and complex

molecules with very well-defined

chemical structures. From a polymer

chemistry point of view, dendrimers are

nearly perfect monodisperse

macromolecules with a regular and

highly branched three-dimensionalarchitecture (Figure 4.13). They consist

of three major architectural

components: core, branches and end

groups . One of the most appealingaspects of technologies based on

dendrimers is that it is relatively easy to

control their size, composition and

chemical reactivity .

Dendrimers. Sources: a)

California Institute of

Technology,


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The Present Scenario Today the world faces a variety of challenges:

In creating alternative fuels, Searching for cheap new materials with 100%

selectivity, Reducing harmful by products inmanufacturing,

Cleaning up the environment and preventingfuture pollution,

Dealing with the cause of global warming, Protecting the common person from release

of toxic substances and infectious agents,


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What will be the solution of all these

problems?

May be nanotechnology because it is the 21st

revolutionary technology.


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APPLICATIONS


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Materials: Stain Resistant Clothes

Nanofibers create cushion of air around fabric

10 nm carbon whiskers bond with cotton Acts like peach fuzz; many liquids roll off

Nano paints that refuseto stain;

Liquids bead up and

roll off

Nano-Care fabrics with water,

cranberry juice, vegetable oil, and

mustard after 30 minutes (left) and

wiped off with wet paper towel

ri ht


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Environment: Paint That Cleans Air Nanopaint on buildings

could reduce pollution

When exposed toultraviolet light,titanium dioxide (TiO2)nanoparticles in paintbreak down organicand inorganicpollutants that wash off

in the rain

Decompose airpollution particles likeformaldehyde

Buildings as air purifiers?


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Environment: Nano Solar Cells

Nano solar cells mixed in plastic could bepainted on buses, roofs, clothing

Solar becomes a cheap energy alternative!

Nano solar cell: Inorganic nanorods embedded in

semiconducting polymer, sandwiched between twoelectrodes

] 200 nm


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Nano Sun-screens Nanoparticle

sunscreeningredients are smallinorganic clustersthat: Provide good UV

protection byabsorbing both highenergy UVB and lowenergy UVA light

Appear clear on ourskin because theyare too small toscatter visible light

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Nanosized

ZnOparticles

Large ZnO

particles


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In Short: An emerging, interdisciplinary science

Integrates chemistry, physics, biology,materials engineering, earth science,and computer science

The power to collect data andmanipulate particles at such a tinyscale will lead to

New areas of research and technology

design

New ways to tackle important problemsin healthcare, energy, the environment,

and technology


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References

http://nanonet.rice.edu/intronanosci/sld005.html

1. http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03

www.hindawi.com.

Fritz Allhoff Patrick Lin Nanotechnology & Society

Current and Emerging Ethical Issues page 05

Introduction to nanotechnology by Henrik Bruus MICDepartment of Micro and Nanotechnology

Technical University of Denmark Lyngby, spring 2004 pageno. 1-10,50

A Nanoforum report, available for download fromwww.nanoforum.org.
http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.hindawi.com/http://www.hindawi.com/http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03


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Download - Introduction & Application of Nano-materials-part-1

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