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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Working paper No. GRPE-PMP-15-215th PMP working meeting
Geneva 31st May 2005
Report on first results from LD Interlab
P. Dilara, J. Andersson
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Inter-laboratory Correlation ExerciseSummary
– Light Duty prioritised, Heavy Duty coming up– Commenced late summer 2004– 9 labs participating (11 repetitions)– Project managed by DG JRC (Ispra, Italy)– Golden Engineer funded by DfT (UK)– Foreseen end by Winter 2005
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• Repeated measurements at several laboratories (with JRC bookends)
• Travelling ‘Golden Engineer’ + two of JRC staff to ensure best and reproducible testing practice
• Very low PM ‘Golden Vehicle’ at all labs Repeatability• Test ‘Golden Measurement System’ for particle numbers and
mass• Test of other vehicles• Test of alternative systems for particle numbers
Set-up
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• Revised timetable• Vehicles tested• Alternative systems tested• Mass results• Number results• Regeneration effects• Preliminary conclusions
Outline
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Revised Timetable (PART A)
June- Transfer to JapanINTERIM REPORT
Calibration of Golden Measurement System (during transfer of car to Japan)
AEA Technology, UK
10-31 May 05JRC, Ispra, Italy
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6-20 April 05Lab of Applied Thermodynamics (LAT)Greece
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1-8 March 05RWTÜV Essen, Germany4
1-8 February 05Ricardo Consulting EngineersUK
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Calibration of Golden Measurement SystemAEA Technology, UK
29 November-3 Dec 04AVL MTCSweden
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9 to 17 NovemberJRC, Ispra, Italy
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PMP testing weeks:Address:No
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Revised Timetable (PART B)
December 05FINAL REPORT
November 05JRC, Ispra, Italy
11
Calibration of Golden Measurement SystemAEA Technology, UK
Week 41-42 or 45-46UTACFrance
10
?Shell Global SolutionsUK
9
End September 05 –Transfer to Europe
September 05 ?National Motor Vehicle Emission Research Laboratory, Korea
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July 05 ?NTSEL, Japan7
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• PEGEUOT 407 HDi FAP 2000 cc (in all labs)• BMW 525d DPF equipped, 2500 cc
• Audi A2, TDi, EURO-4, non-DPF, 1500 cc• Honda Accord i-CTDi, EURO-4, non-DPF, 2200 cc• VW, GOLF TDi, non-DPF, 1800 cc
• Mitsubishi, Carisma, GDI, 1800 cc• VW, GOLF FSI, 1600 cc
• FIAT, Idea, MPI, EURO-4, 1400cc
Vehicles tested
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Mass systems tested
• Lab modified systems with heating tapes and mantles (at 4 labs) – Residence time calculated to be according to guidebook– Temperatures recorded– Single filter for all NEDC for DPF equipped vehicles
• HORIBA HFU-4770 (Heated Particulate Filter Module) (at 1 lab)
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Alternative number systems tested
• Lab dilutor-TSI CPC 3010 lab modified (1 lab)• DEKATI modified-GRIMM modified CPC 5.403 (3 labs)• DEKATI modified -TSI CPC 3010 lab modified (1 lab)• HORIBA Solid particle counting system (to be tested)
• No results will be shown from the alternative systems today.
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• Revised timetable• Vehicles tested• Alternative systems tested• Mass results• Number results• Regeneration effects• Preliminary conclusions
Outline
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Particulate Mass Emissions (mg/km)All participating labs - Golden Vehicle-Golden System
0.407
0.3290.263
0.520
0.252
0.354
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 mean (all labs)
Mass
emiss
ions
(mg/
Km)
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
All Vehicles Tested
0.354 0.625 0.5021.940
7.967
29.943
18.666 17.695
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Au-Vehicle DPF-2 MPI GDI 2 GDI 1 non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3
Mass
emiss
ions
(mg/
Km) EURO 4
Particulate Mass Emissions (mg/km)
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• Revised timetable• Vehicles tested• Alternative systems tested• Mass results• Number results• Regeneration effects• Preliminary conclusions
Outline
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Typical tracePnumber Test 15-11#1
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400Time (s)
#/cm
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Kph
CPC_GOLD
R.SP(ideal)
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Particle Numbers during NEDC (#/km) All tests (regeneration excluded) GOLDEN VEHICLE
0.0E+00
2.0E+10
4.0E+10
6.0E+10
8.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.2E+11
1.4E+11
1.6E+11
Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 Mean
Parti
cle em
issio
ns (#
/Km
)
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Particle Numbers during NEDC testsbefore and after regeneration (#/km)
Golden Vehicle
0.0E+00
2.0E+10
4.0E+10
6.0E+10
8.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.2E+11
1.4E+11
1.6E+11
1.8E+11
2.0E+11
Mean of testsbefore
regeneration
Regenerationduring precond
TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3
Part
icle
em
issi
ns (#
/Km
)
BEFORE AFTER
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Preconditioning
Pnumber Test 20-05 Precondition Test1 (120 Kph - 20´)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time (s)
#/cm
3 (C
PC_R
EF)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
#/cm
3 (C
PC_G
OLD
)
CPC_REF
CPC_GOLD
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Regeneration during PreconditioningPnumber Test 20-05 Precondition Test2 (120 Kph - 20´)
0.0E+00
1.0E+04
2.0E+04
3.0E+04
4.0E+04
5.0E+04
6.0E+04
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time (s)
#/cm
3 (C
PC_R
EF)
0.0E+00
1.0E+03
2.0E+03
3.0E+03
4.0E+03
5.0E+03
6.0E+03
#/cm
3 (C
PC_G
OLD
)
CPC_REF
CPC_GOLD
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Regeneration at 140km/hPnumber Test 13-05 Regeneration Test (140 Kph - 20´)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
0 300 600 900 1200 1500Time (s)
#/cm
3 (C
PC_R
EF)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
#/cm
3 (C
PC_G
OLD
)
CPC_REF
CPC_GOLD
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Particle Numbers during NEDC (#/km)All Vehicle Technologies
4.15E+10
1.07643E+11
7.09E+123.51848E+12
6.45E+10
5.53E+135.42E+135.69E+13
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+13
1.0E+14
Au-Vehicle AlternativeDPF
MPI GDI 1 GDI 2 non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3
Parti
cle em
issio
ns (#
/Km
)
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Comparison between mass and number (EURO 4)
With PMP protocol number measurements are less variable than mass for EURO-4 non-DPF Diesel cars
non-DPF#1
non-DPF#2
non-DPF#3
Average %COV
Number 5.69E+13 5.42E+13 5.53E+13STD 1.91E+12 1.13E+12 3.10E+12%COV 3.36 2.08 5.62 3.69Mass 29.943 18.666 17.69478STD 3.143 1.211 1.925971%COV 10.50 6.49 10.88 9.29
% COV for non-DPF Diesel EURO4 Vehicles
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
non-DPF#1 non-DPF#2 non-DPF#3 Average %COV
Number%COVMass %COV
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Regulated emissionsRegulated Gaseous Emissions and Fuel Consumption
Golden Vehicle
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
HC x 10 CO x 10 CO2 / 1000 NOx HC + NOx Consumption(l/100 Km)
Emiss
ions
(g/K
m)
Lab1Lab2Lab3Lab4Lab5
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
• Revised timetable• Vehicles tested• Alternative systems tested• Mass results• Number results• Regeneration effects• Preliminary conclusions
Outline
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Preliminary Conclusions• Mass method sufficiently sensitive to permit repeatable
measurements at well below 2.5 mg/km level – Some questions remain regarding retention of volatiles by filter media in
absence of carbon• Number method ~20 times more sensitive than mass
– Emissions of ~1011/km achievable with DPF Diesels, similar as modern MPI– GDIs between 1012 and 1013/km – Conventional Diesels ~ 500 times higher (5*1013/km) than DPF equipped
ones• Number method less variable than mass for EURO-4 non-DPF
diesel cars
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Preliminary Conclusions-2• Mass and number measurement equipment presented no
significant functional or maintenance challenges during the programme
• Both mass and number sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between a DPF equipped Diesel and non-DPF equipped Diesel– Number metric provides best sensitivity and avoids uncertainties
with volatile components• Current technology GDIs falls between DPF Diesel and
non-DPF Diesel both in mass and number
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GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Next Steps– 2nd part of testing (NTSEL, NMVERL, UTAC, SHELL, JRC)– Analyse all data and prepare final reports for PMP WG– Further revision of draft regulatory documents
• Fine tuning• Integration of necessary validation and calibration
procedures for number measurement equipment– Submission of drafts to EC in Brussels as protocols in
regulation format for consideration as part of Euro V
– Heavy Duty Inter-lab exercise
GRPE- PMP Group meeting, 31 May 05
Thank you for your attention!
For further details or questions, please contactThe PMP Interlab Manager:
Penny DilaraJRC, TP 441,
Ispra, (VA) 21020, ItalyTel:+39-0332-789207
Fax: +39-0332-786328E-mail: [email protected]