Download - I&CPS Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary [History]

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history | barry brusso

I&CPS Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary

s we approach the 50th anniversary of the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) Industrial and Commercial Power

Systems (I&CPS) Department (Fig-ure 1) this year, I was asked as a past chair of the department to provide an article reflecting on the history and impact of I&CPS on the IAS and IEEE membership in general.

Fifty years is a long time, and, while I have been an IEEE Member for more than 36 years, I was not part of the original group of mem-bers who formed the first I&CPS Department. The department was initially called the I&CPS Commit-tee under the newly formed technol-ogy committees section of the Indus-try and General Applications (I&GA) Group within the IEEE. The IEEE had been formed the previous year, in 1963, by a merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) [1].

I&CPS was not officially desig-nated as a department until 1977, when the entire IAS was reorganized into more logical groupings. The orig-inal I&CPS Committee was formed in the AIEE by a merger of the Indus-trial Power Systems (IPS) Committee and the Commercial Buildings Elec-tric Systems (CBES) Committee.

The Birth of the Color BooksIn 1945, prior to that merger, the AIEE publication Electric Power Distri-bution of Industrial Plants, a product of the IPS Committee, was published and commonly referred to as The Red Book due to its bright red cover. In 1949, the CBES Committee published Interior Wiring Design for Commercial Buildings, which was the forerunner of The Gray Book. In 1956, the second edition of The Red Book was published, and a new publication was developed by the IPS Industrial Grounding Subcommittee titled Grounding of Electrical Power Sys-tems. Because this publication had a green cover, it naturally became known as The Green Book, and so the Color Book series was born [3].

As Bill Moylan remembers, “My first real involvement in IEEE activi-ties began the day I sat in on a Red Book Working Group meeting and volunteered to act as the group’s secre-tary. The years of effort in that position introduced me to the many giants of engineering who contributed to that standard. In time, I chaired that work-ing group and the I&CPS Department. My involvement in the department’s standardization efforts allowed my consulting firm to remain on the cut-ting edge of electrical design.”

Restructuring of the DepartmentThe evolution of the I&CPS mirrors that of the IAS, but in 1965, after the IEEE was formed by the AIEE and IRE merger, the I&CPS Com-mittee was one of 23 technical com-mittees within the Technical Opera-tions Department (TOD) of the IEEE Industry and General Applica-tions Group [10]. In 1972, the I&GA became the IAS, and the com-mittee structure under the TOD was rearranged into two groups: industry committees and technology commit-tees. I&CPS was placed in the tech-nology committees group along with eight other committees. In 1974, the department/committee structure was once again modified to create an Industry Operations Department and a Technology Operations Department in lieu of the TOD with the same committee alignment as before [11].

In 1977, the IAS was once again reorganized with respect to operating departments to form five departments:

▪ the new IPS Department

▪ the Process Industries Depart-ment

▪ the General Industries Depart-ment

▪ the Industrial Power Conver-sion Systems Department

▪ the Industrial Utilization Sys-tems Department.

The committees placed in the IPS were both technical and administra-tive. Administrative committees included administration, codes and standards, and meetings. The technical

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MIAS.2014.2303308

Date of publication: 9 April 2014

David Mills, Guest Author

AThe I&CPS Department logo.

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committees within IPS were Commer-cial Buildings Power Systems, Electric Space Heating and Air Conditioning, Industrial Plants Power Systems, Power Systems Protection (PSP), and Power Systems Support [6]. By 1984, the committee structure was once again rearranged to include the I&CPS as a department with seven committees, including Operating, Codes and Stan-dards, Commercial Buildings Power Systems, Electric Space Heating and Air Conditioning, Industrial Plants Power Systems, PSP, and Power Sys-tems Technologies [1]. (See “Memories of the I&CPS Technical Conference.”)

By 1985, the old I&CPS commit-tee structure had been modified sev-eral times, resulting in four technical committees: the Codes and Standards Committee, the Energy Systems Committee, the Power Systems Engi-neering Committee (formerly the Power Systems Support Committee and the Power Systems Technologies Committee), and the PSP Committee. The Rural Electric Power Committee (REPC) was moved into the I&CPS Department in 1992, and the now five technical committees rounded out the department’s structure, which remains in effect today [11].

I&CPS StandardsAfter the 1963 merger of AIEE and IRE into the IEEE, the first stan-dards under the over-sight of the I&CPS included a rewrite of the AIEE publication Interior Wiring Design for Commercial Build-ings, with its publica-tion as IEEE Standard 241: Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Com-mercial Buildings, nicknamed The Gray Book. Similarly, The Red Book (AIEE 952) and The Green Book (AIEE 953) eventually became IEEE Standard 141: Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants and IEEE Standard 142: Rec-ommended Practice for Grounding I&CPS, respectively [5].

A bit earlier and somewhat parallel to the activities of the aforementioned committees, the groundwork was laid for the creation of a PSP Subcommit-tee within the I&CPS due to the influ-

ence of the AIEE Power Division Relays Committee (I&CPS was in the Industry Division) to create a subcom-mittee and to avoid an infringement of scope for industrial relay protection

schemes. In 1961, the System Coordination and Protection Sub-committee was formed within I&CPS for the purpose of recom-mending preferred ap-plication practices of protective equipment used within industrial plants and commercial

buildings. In 1965, the subcommittee presented a report to the I&CPS Con-ference in Buffalo, New York, “Protec-tion and Coordination of I&CPS,” which was welcomed by the I&CPS membership. It only took ten years to become IEEE Standard 242: Recom-mended Practice for Protection and Coordi-nation of I&CPS, otherwise known as The Buff Book [4].

IEEE formed the first Standards Board in 1963, shortly after the merger of the AIEE with the IRE. In 1998, the IEEE Standards Board was

reorganized as the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA), which gave it more autonomy as a standards-mak-ing body. The IEEE-SA today is still committed to providing the most current, reliable standards knowledge to the electrical engineering commu-nity. The I&CPS Department played a major role in the development of one of the most popular series of standards, the Color Books, men-tioned previously (see “The Color Books”). A bit of history and responsi-bility of the development of these standards follows.

In addition to the four Color Books mentioned previously, several more were developed and entered into the standards process by committees under the jurisdiction of the I&CPS Department [9].

The Power Systems Engineering Committee, through several subcom-mittees and working groups, devel-oped the following in addition to The Red Book, The Gray Book, and The Green Book [8]: ▪ IEEE Standard 399-1980: IEEE

Recommended Practice for I&CPS Analysis (The Brown Book)

MeMoRIeS of The I&CPS TeChnICAl ConfeRenCe

In 1984, with encouragement from an excellent mentor, I attended the I&cps technical conference. there, I connected with the Maintenance,

operations, and safety subcommittee. Many of the people I met at my first IEEE conference became life-long friends and professional colleagues. As a young engineer, those experiences in the technical activities of the I&cps department opened the door to the professional development and oppor-tunities that shaped my career. I will always be grateful to my I&cps col-leagues, past and present.

—lanny Floyd, past chair of the I&cps power systems Engineering committee

The Color Books

My dealings with the Color Books go back to when they were really bound books. I personally worked on at least three revisions of The

Green Book, Recommended Practice for Grounding of I&CPS. this effort extended from some time in the late 1960s into the 1990s. the IEEE stan-dards Board wanted each standard to be either reaffirmed or revised once every five years. I don’t think we ever met that time frame. It took us more like ten years to complete a revision, which sometime meant that work done early in the process had to be redone at the end because things had changed during that time frame. we usually took a year off between revi-sions, but otherwise it was an ongoing, if somewhat sporadic, process.

—Baldwin Baldy Bridger, jr., a long-time participant and leader in the I&cps

The evoluTIon of The I&CPS

MIrrorS ThAT of thE IAs.

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▪ IEEE Standard 446-1980: IEEE Recommended Practice for Emer-gency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications (The Orange Book)

▪ IEEE Standard 493-1980: IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable I&CPS (The Gold Book)

▪ IEEE Standard 551-2006: Recommended Practice for Calculating ac Short-Circuit Currents in I&CPS (The Vio-let Book)

▪ IEEE Standard 602-1986: IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health Care Facilities (The White Book)

▪ IEEE Standard 902-1998: IEEE Guide for Mainte-nance, Operation, and Safety of I&CPS (The Yellow Book)

▪ IEEE Standard 1100-1992: IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment (The Emerald Book).

In the words of Erling Hesla (about one of the more recent Color Books), “My goodness! The Yellow Book was published 15 years ago today. Have The Yellow Book and I really been around that long?”

The Energy Systems Com-mittee (formerly known as the Energy Committee) developed IEEE Standard 739-1984: IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrial and Commercial Facilities (The Bronze Book).

The PSP Committee, through its subcommittees and working groups, in addition to The Buff Book, devel-oped IEEE Standard 1015-1997: IEEE Recommended Practice for Apply-ing Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers Used in I&CPS (The Blue Book).

By 2000, there were 12 Color Books published and in use, and, six years

later, the last of the Color Books, The Violet Book, was published. I say that it is the last because the I&CPS is cur-rently working on a significant un-dertaking to reorganize the content of the Color Books into many individual standards, which will provide more flexibility and usability for both de-velopers and users of the technical

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content. The Technical Books Coordi-nating Committee (TBCC) is current-ly responsible, through several editorial working groups, for this re-organization and rebranding of the popular standards collection into the 3000 series of standards (Figure 2).

Lynn Saunders sums up his recollec-tion of his standards experience: “What a fantastic group of dedicated and knowledgeable profes-sionals. The discus-sions were lively and often animated but al-ways respectful. The opportunities were there to get involved and participate in a process that we all can be very proud of. My hope is that those that follow can continue to benefit from the efforts that preceded [them].”

Upcoming I&CPS ConferencesThe next meeting of the TBCC and working groups will be at the 50th Annual I&CPS Technical Conference to be held at the Worthington Renais-sance Fort Worth Hotel in Fort Worth, Texas, on 20–23 May 2014. Please plan to attend and consider becoming part of the I&CPS standards development process by providing input and/or review of the revised standards. Visit the conference Web site at http://sites.ieee.org/icps2014/.

While the REPC does not produce any IEEE standards, it is still a very important committee within the I&CPS. The REPC Conference provides a forum for those engineers and practi-

tioners involved in farming communi-ties to exchange ideas and techniques to make rural electrification efforts better for all. John Zelenak, in his paper “His-tory of the REPC,” explains that “early programs were consumer oriented and directed toward power requirements and applications of equipment and trends in agriculture as it affects electri-fication. The speakers and participants

were encouraging greater use of electrical energy on the farm, safer use of electrical equipment, and help-ing the farmer to increase the productiv-ity with decreasing human effort” [2].

The REPC had three different names since the first meeting was held in 1955 (the year I was born). The meetings began as part of the AIEE and were known as the

AIEE Conference on Farm Electrifica-tion and then, under IEEE, became known as the IEEE Rural Electrifica-tion Conference. In 1970, the com-mittee name was changed to IEEE REPC [7]. At that time, the commit-tee was one of the industry commit-tees within the I&GA Group of the IEEE, while the I&CPS was called the I&CPS Committee in the technology committees section of the I&GA Group. In 1992, the REPC became a committee within the I&CPS Depart-ment. The next meeting of the REPC will be held immediately prior to the I&CPS Technical Conference at the same venue on 18–21 May 2014.

Visit the REPC Web site at http://ieeerepc.org/.

Help us begin another 50 years of electrical engineering standards devel-opment by participating in the pro-cess and attending the 50th Annual I&CPS Technical Conference.

References[1] D. S. Brereton, “The IEEE Industry Appli-

cations Society: An organization striving to constantly improve its service to its membership,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 997–1005, 1984.

[2] J. A. Zelenak, “History of the rural electric power committee,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appli-cat., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1053–1055, 1984.

[3] D. L. Goldberg, “History of the commercial buildings power systems committee,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1056–1058, 1984.

[4] J. M. Daly, “History of the industrial plants power systems committee,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1060–1061, 1984.

[5] J. C. Wilson, “History of the power systems protection committee,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1062–1065, 1984.

[6] L. J. Kelly, “History of the power systems technologies committee,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, no. 4, p. 1066, 1984.

[7] E. L. Owen, “Rural electrification: The long struggle,” IEEE Ind. Applicat. Mag., vol. 4, pp. 6–17, May/June 1998.

[8] H. L. Floyd, S. M. Halpin, and L. F. Saun-ders, “An overview of the IEEE Color Books,” in Proc. IEEE Record Industry Appli-cations Conf. 2000, pp. 3226–3231.

[9] N. Nichols, “Creation and use of the IEEE Color Books,” in Proc. IEEE XXXVIII Record Cement Industry Technical Conf., 14–18 Apr. 1996, pp. 121–127.

[10] F. A. Furfari and M. N. Geselowitz, “A brief history of the IEEE industry and gen-eral applications group,” IEEE Ind. Appli-cat. Mag., vol. 11, pp. 8–9, July/Aug. 2005.

[11] B. Bridger Jr., “History of the technical structure of the IAS,” IEEE Ind. Applicat. Mag., vol. 12, pp. 8–9, July/Aug. 2006.

IAs

group of IAS volunteers in resolving a matter affecting fair treatment to all people involved in an activity spon-sored by the committee. The e-mail reminded me that, in 2002, David wrote an ethics policy to help guide the IAS Electrical Safety Workshop through a period of significant growth. You can view this policy at http://www.ewh.ieee.org/cmte/ias-esw/Com-mEthics.html. I wanted to share this story to bring attention to the latest

version of the IEEE Code of Ethics ap-proved by the IEEE Board of Directors in November 2013.

The IEEE Code of Ethics guides our behavior as professionals, on issues important to the mission of the IEEE. Professional ethics are not the same as the personal or moral ethics that frame our personal beliefs on matters such as lying, stealing, or cheating. Professional and personal ethics can have two dimensions: 1)

preventing and avoiding bad things and 2) enabling or promoting good things. I urge our readers to take a few minutes to read the IEEE Code of Ethics and think about how to make them part of your IAS activities.

IAs

f rom the editor ’s desk (continued from p. 2)

The I&CPS DePArTMenT

PlAyeD A MAjor rolE

In The DeveloPMenT of The ColoR

BookS.

Download - I&CPS Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary [History]

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