Muhammad SaaiqAssistant ProfessorPIMS, Islamabad.
Muhammad SaaiqMuhammad SaaiqAssistant ProfessorAssistant ProfessorPIMS, Islamabad.PIMS, Islamabad.
[email protected]@gmail.com
Synopsis
Dissertation
Thesis
HOW TO WRITE DISSERTATION/ MEDICAL
PAPEREFFECTIVELY?
Jan 2009Jan 2009
What Prompted this Presentation
To Share knowledge / Experience with To Share knowledge / Experience with other Medical colleaguesother Medical colleagues
••Critical analysis and Interpretation of existing knowledge Critical analysis and Interpretation of existing knowledge (Review article)(Review article)••New scientific ResearchNew scientific Research••Clinical findings (Case report)Clinical findings (Case report)••OthersOthers
To Advance your institution. To Advance your institution. PrestigePrestige
To Advance yourselfTo Advance yourself••Increasing your research ability (practice makes perfect)Increasing your research ability (practice makes perfect)
Partial fulfillment of EXAMPartial fulfillment of EXAMPromotionPromotion
Why to Write
Dissertation/ SynopsisDissertation/ SynopsisEditorialEditorialOriginal ArticleOriginal ArticleReview articleReview articleCaseCase--reportreportLetter to EditorLetter to EditorShort CommunicationShort CommunicationOthers. e.g. Meta analysisOthers. e.g. Meta analysis
Types of Medical Writings
Structure of a Medical Paper/ Original Article
TitleTitleAbstractAbstractIntroductionIntroductionMaterials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsResultsResultsTablesTables
FiguresFiguresDiscussionDiscussionReferencesReferences
DISSERTATION ADDITINALLY HAS LITERATURE DISSERTATION ADDITINALLY HAS LITERATURE REVIEWREVIEW
Main Components of Article/ Dissertation
IMRAD
Non-IMRaD
IIntroductionntroductionMMaterials & Methodsaterials & MethodsRResultsesultsAnalysisDDiscussioniscussion
TitleTitleReferencesReferencesAbstarctAbstarctLITERATURE LITERATURE
REVIEWREVIEW
The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
Roadmap for WritingRoadmap for WritingTitle
( Temporary initailly )
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion Introduction
References
Abstract
REVISE, REVISE
AND REVISE
DISSERTATION HAS LITERATURE REVIEWDISSERTATION HAS LITERATURE REVIEW ALSOALSO
INTRODUCTION
PearlsMOVE FROM;
• General to Specific
• Broad Description to a narrow one
• Historical To Latest
• International To Local
Funnel Down
INTRODUCTIONPearls (Cont’d)
The introduction should give a brief overview of the Issue in question.The main body is described in PRESENT TENSE as it is written about what is known.The last para which highlights Rationale of te study is in FUTURE tense.Has no more than 03 paras. i.e.
Background Information—what the issue is? Importance of the problem, ementioning unresolved issues.Rationale for conducting te present study, stating hypothesis
or research question.
INTRODUCTIONPitfalls
Reviewing the subject extensively.
Giving details of the experimental designs.
Referring to tables and figures.
Drawing conclusions.
What Did We Do?What Did We Do?
When?When?
Where?Where?
How?How?
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pearls
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pitfalls
Not explaining experimental designs in sufficient Not explaining experimental designs in sufficient details.details.
Not giving units of measurements.Not giving units of measurements.
Not using chronological sequence for methods.Not using chronological sequence for methods.
RESULTS
Pearls
What Did We Find ?What Did We Find ?
RESULTS
Pearls (Cont’d)
Variables No. of Dissatisfied patients (%)
P-value
GENDERMale ( n=76)
Female (n=57)23 (30.26%)4 (7.01%)
0.001
AGEUp-to 40 years (n=73)
> 40 years (n=60)25(34.24%)2( 3.33%)
0.000
IV: Association of dissatisfaction with Sociodemographic characteristics. ( n=133)
“The compulsion to include everything, leaving nothing out, does not prove that one has unlimited information; it proves that one lacks discrimination.”
S. Aaronson
RESULTSPitfalls
RESULTSPitfalls (Cont’d)
Giving unnecessary details; Not to the point.Giving unnecessary details; Not to the point.
Data Failing to answer the actual research Data Failing to answer the actual research question/ Hypothesis.question/ Hypothesis.
Giving OGiving Opinions, Explanations or Discussion on pinions, Explanations or Discussion on Findings.Findings.
Duplication /Repetition of Data.Duplication /Repetition of Data.
Not properly Numbering the Tables / Figures.Not properly Numbering the Tables / Figures.
DISCUSSION
Pearls
Funnel Up Approach
DISCUSSION
PitfallsProclaiming things which data of the article do not support .
Failing to discuss important and new aspects of the subject.
Failing to address the Hypothesis in question. Not giving reasons for supporting or rejecting the Hypothesis.
Making any value judgments.
Drawing conclusion based on the findings of other studies.
“ A good article has a definite structure, makes its point and then shuts up”
Stephen Lock
REFERENCES
Pearls
REFERENCES
Pearls (Cont’d)
SEQUENCE:SEQUENCE:
Correct: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9Correct: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Correct: 1,2,3,4,5, 1,4,3, 6,7, 2, 8,Correct: 1,2,3,4,5, 1,4,3, 6,7, 2, 8,
Incorrect: 1,2,35,6,3,19,4,7Incorrect: 1,2,35,6,3,19,4,7
REFERENCES
Pearls (Cont’d)
Americans National Standards Institute StyleAmericans National Standards Institute Style
Harvard StyleHarvard Style
Vancouver StyleVancouver Style
OthersOthers
Owing to its function, the hand is vulnerable to all kinds of traumatic insults. 1 The hand injuries are classified into skeletal and soft tissue injuries. 2
ReferencesReferences
1. Tymchak J. Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. In: Thorne CH, Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, eds. Grabb and Smith’s Plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007: 771-80.
2. Campbell DA. Hand fractures. Surgery International 2006; 75 : 437-40.
REFERENCES
Pearls (Cont’d)
VANCOUVER STYLEVANCOUVER STYLE
REFERENCES
Pearls (Cont’d)
HARVARD STYLEHARVARD STYLEOwing to its function, the hand is vulnerable to all kinds of traumatic insults. (Tymchak J 2007 ) The hand injuries are classified into skeletal and soft tissue injuries. (Campbell DA 2006 )
ReferencesReferences
1. Campbell DA. Hand fractures. Surgery International 2006; 75 : 437-40.
2. Tymchak J. Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. In: Thorne CH,Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, eds. Grabb and Smith’s Plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007: 771-80.
TITLE
Pearls
ABSTRACT
Pearls
FREQUENT GENERAL MISTAKES
INCORRECT CORRECT
DATA was analyzed DATA were analyzed
PERFORMA PROFORMA
REGIME REGIMEN
& AND
emergencypresentations1-3 . Emergency presentations. 1-3
PRESENTABLE FORMAT SHOULD BE ENSURED BEFORE
SUBMISSION
www. ICMJE.org
www.CONSORT_statement.org
www.NLM’sCiting Medicine
Guidelines for Synopsis and Dissertation Writing for CPSP
Huwiler-Müntener K, Jüni P, Junker C, Egger M. Quality of Reporting of Randomized Trials as a Measure of Methodologic Quality. JAMA 2002;287(21):2801-2804.
Garfield E. An old Proposal for a new Profession: Scientific Reviewing. The Scientist 1996;10 (16):12.
FURTHER READING
