Hi

Here come some suggestions about how to apply

APA Harvard style

Get your copy of the Student Handbook

04/11/23 2

• Open the last page – there is a table with examples how to apply APA Harvard. I email you the table for your reference

Generally speaking it is very simple:• When in the text you refer to the sources, on the slides…

everywhere in your paper REMEMBER: you give there only the family name + year of publication. No first names, no initials, no title. For example: Kotler (2009) or (Kotler, 2009), or (Kotler, 2009, p.161)

• In the Bibliography write all details about the source, starting with the family name, initial and year, for example: Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing Management (9th ed), Pearson

• NOTA BENE: The important things are: – in the text refer only to the familyname+(year) or familyname+(year, p. …)

– In the Bibliography – give all details starting from the family name

04/11/23 3

References• Albaum, G., Strandskov, J., Duerr, E. (2002). International Marketing and Export

Management (4th ed.). Prentice Hall.• Baines, P., Fill, C.,Page, K. (2008). Marketing. Oxford University Press• Burca, S., Fletcher, R., Brown, L. (2004). International Marketing. Prentice Hall.• Cateora, P, Graham, J. (1999). International Marketing (10th ed.). The McGraw – Hill

Companies, Inc.

• Ecommerce definition and types of ecommerce. Retrieved October 30, 2010, from http://www.digitsmith.com/ecommerce-definition.html

• Hollensen, S. (2004). Global Marketing (3th ed.). Prentice Hall.• Keegan, W., Moriarty, S., Duncan, T. (1992). Marketing. Prentice Hall.• Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2010). Principals of Marketing (13th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.• Krug, D., Lee, J., Warkentin, M., Chung, H. (2002). Electronic Commerce A Managerial

Perspective. Prentice Hall.• Nelson, A.,Nelson, W. (2002). Building Electronic Commerce with Web Database

Constructions. Addison Wesley.

List them in Alphabetical order please !

Remember !

• Whenever you state something, which a student could not know on his/her own experience, the source has to be referred to in the text. If there is no reference in the text this is a clear case of copy/paste or hidden plagiarism and we are obliged to find evidence for that.

• The student gets a higher mark when he/she refers to many sources (evidence for efforts and dedication) and a low mark or zero+yellow card when there are facts/statements which are obviously taken from somewhere and not referred to the source

A few examples of good ref to the source in the text

Internet usage Statistics

Population Internet Users Internet Usage % Population Usage % Usage Grpwth

World Regions (2008 Est.) Dec .1, 2000 (2008 EST.) (Penetration) of World 2000-2008

Africa 955,206,348 4,514,400 51,065,630 5.30% 3.50%1,031,2%

Asia 3,776,181,949 114,304,000 578,538,257 15.30% 39.50%406,1%

Europe 800,401,065 105,096,800 384,633,765 48.10% 26.30%266,0%

Middle East 197,090,443 3,284,800 41,939,200 21.30% 2.90%1,176,8%

North America 337,167,248 108,096,800 248,241,969 73.60% 17.00%129,6%

Latin America/Caribbean 576,091,673 18,068,919 139,009,209 24.10% 9.50%669,3%

Oceania/Australia 33,981,562 7,620,480 20,204,331 59.50% 1.40%165,1%

WORLD TOTAL 6,676,120,288 360,985,492 1,463,632,361 21.90% 100.00%305,5%

SOURCE: http://www.internetwoldstatus.com Copyright 2001-2008, Miniwatts Marketing Group.

“I am often asked if Network Marketing is a Pyramid Scheme. My reply is that corporations really are pyramid schemes. A corporation has only one person at the top, genrally the CEO, and everyone else below.” (Trump and Kiyosaki,2006, p.307)

04/11/23 8

• At the consumer level in international marketing, direct mail is used to reach high-income groups and international travellers. (Burca, Fletcher and Brown, 2004, p.206)

• Direct involves sending brochures, catalogues and other relevant information by post to the customers, with the goods shipped to them. (Chee and Harris, 1998)

Definitions

04/11/23 9

Here are some examples (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001):

1. Limited consumer exposure and buying

2. Skewed user demographics and psychographics

3. Chaos and clutter

4. Security

Non APA Harvard …and other mistakes

Avoid them !

References:• Strauss, J. and Frost, R. (1999). Marketing on the Internet. Prentice Hall, Inc.• Baines, P., Fill, C. and Page, K. (2008). Marketing. Oxford University Press.• Miletsky, J. (2010). Principles of Internet Marketing. Coarse Technology, Cengage Learning.• Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2010). Principles of Marketing (13th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.• Adcock, D., Halborg, A. and Ross, C. (2001). Marketing Principles and Practice (4th ed.). Pearson

Education Limited• McDonald, W. (1998). Direct Marketing- an integrated approach. The McGraw Companies.• Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of Marketing (9th ed.). Prentice Hall.• Perreault, W., McCarthy, E., Parkinson, S. and Stewart, K. (2000). Basic Marketing (European ed.).

Alfred Waller.• Nickels, W., McHugh, J. and McHugh, S. (2008). Understanding Business (8th ed.). McGraw Hill. • Marketing M.O. [Online]

http://www.marketingmo.com/strategic-planning/how-to-develop-your-distribution-channels/ [Accessed: 29 October 2010]

• Armstrong, G & Kotler, P. (2008). Principles of Marketing (12th ed.) Pearson Prentice Hall.• Fox & Wheatley. (1978). Modern marketing Principles & Practice. Scott, Foresman & Co. • Harold, C. and Harris, R. (1998). Global Marketing Strategy. Financial Times Professional Limited.• William, J., Etzel, J. and Walker, B. (1991). Fundamentals of Marketing (9th ed.). McGraw Hill, Inc.• Baker, M. (1994). The Marketing Book (3rd ed.). Butterworth- Heinemann Ltd.

04/11/23 11Alphabetical order, please

1. • (Author: V.Blagoev ; Title:Marketing ; Publisher:International University Sofia ; Edition:2 ; Year:2003)

2. • (Author: Michael J. Baker ; Title: The Marketing book ; Publisher: Butterworth ; Edition: 3 ; Year:1994)

3. • (Author: C.Rossi,D.Adcock,A.Halborg ; Title: Principles & Practice ; Publisher:Prentice Hall ; Edition:4 ; Year:2001)

4. • (Author: Warren J Keegan ; Title: Global Marketing Management ; Publisher: Pearson Higher Education; Edition:8 ; Year:2008)

5. • (Author: Warren J Keegan ; Title: Global Marketing Management ; Publisher: Pearson Higher Education; Edition:7 ; Year:2001)

6. • (Author: Kotler and Armstrong, Title: Principles of Marketing, Publisher: Prentice Hall, Edition; 9, Year: 2001)

Find the 10 mistakes in each source This is anything else but APA Harvard

Sources:

1.D.Mercer, "Marketing"(1992), first edition2. F.Brassington, S. Pettit, "Principles of Marketing"(2003), third edition3. D. King, J. Lee, "Electronic Commerce"(2002), first edition4. J.Barry Mason, H.Ezell, "Marketing - Principles and Strategy"(1987), first edition5. G.Armstrong, P.Kotler, "Marketing - an Introduction"(2011), tenth edition6. P.Baines, C.Fill, K.Page, "Marketing"(2008), first edition7. D.Chaffey, R.Mayer, "Internet Marketing"(2003), second edition8. W.Stanton, M. Etzel, "Fundamentals of Marketing"(1991), ninth edition9. M.McDonald, "Marketing Plans - How to prepare them, How to use them"(2007), sixth edition10. D.Jobber "Principles and Practice of Marketing"(1998), second edition11. P. Kotler "Principles of Marketing"(2008), twelfth edition12. W. Keegan, "Marketing"(1992), first edition13. comScore / http://searchengineland.com / Third Door Media, Inc14. Turban, E., et al., Electronic Commerce 2006. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.15. Stead, B. A., and J. Gilbert, “Ethical Issues in Electronic Commerce,”Journal of Business Ethics, No. 34, 2001.

No APA Harvard, No Alphabetical order. This is a clear case of copy/paste. There is no such … IUC student who would produce such List of

References on his own (in any such case we look for evidence for plagiarism)

Bibliography• Keegan, W. & Green, M. (2008) Global Marketing.6th ed. Pearson Prentice

Hall• Cateora, P. & Graham, J. (1999) International Marketing. 10th ed

Irwin/McGraw Hill• Strauss, J. & Frost, R. (1991) Marketing on the Internet:principles of online

marketing.New Jersey:Prentice Hall• Czinkota, M. & Ronkainen, I. (2008) International Marketing. 9th

ed.Thomson SouthWestern• Czinkota, M. & Ronkainen, I. (2007) International Marketing. 8th ed.

Thomson SouthWestern• Armstrong, G. & Kotler, P. (2007) Marketing: An Introduction. 8th ed.

New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall

Alphabetical order, please

• Most producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market. They try to forge a distribution channel- a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user.

• Bibliography: Kotler & Armstrong (2001),Principles of Marketing( 9th Edition) Prentice Hall• Assael, H.(1993), Marketing Principles and Strategy(2nd Edition).The Dryden Press

No need of the word Bibliography in the text; in the text refer to name (year) only

E- commerce survey results

Perceived drawback of Online shopping

Less than $25K

$25K- $40K $40K- $60K $60K- $100K $100K +

Afraid to provide persona and credit card info online

26% 23% 25% 28% 32%

Prefer to see things before buying them 22% 24% 22% 28% 36%

Shopping cart is complicated 19% 19% 18% 24% 31%

04/11/23

16

SOURCE: Horrigan, John B. “Online Shopping” Pew Internet & American Life Project, 13. Feb. 2008. ( Miletsky, 2010)

APA Harvard???

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL: PRODUCER, WHOLESALER, RETAILER, CONSUMER

• A distribution channel consists of sets of people and the movement of a title from producer to consumer. A channel of distribution always includes both the producer and the final customer for the product as well as any middleman (such as retailers and wholesalers).

• If there is a traditional channel for consumer goods, this is it. It is the most common and economical channel chosen by a lot of small retailers and manufacturers (Fundamentals of Marketing, McGraw Hill Inc., 1991).

04/11/23

17

APA Harvard???

Middleman

• Buy in large quantities from producers

• They sell to retailers who can order in smaller amounts

• Wholesaler buy direct from the producer and add a profit margin onto the price they charge the retailer

• Consists of the sale, and all activities related directly to the sale

• It may be done by any institution, not only by retail stores

• Goods and services to ultimate consumers for personal use (The Marketing Book, Butterworth – Heinemann Ltd., 1994)

Wholesalers Retailers

04/11/23 18APA Harvard???

Definition of retailing• Retailing is about buying and selling for a profit. Of course that is a

rough explanation of the Retailer. Retailing receives goods from a wide range of different sources and then redistribute them to convenient locations along with a marketing package that is valued by their customers or the final consumer.

Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (1989)• Retailing is an activity which includes all the business activities

necessary to sell goods and services to final consumers A retailer is a business that takes ownership of goods and services and that acts as an intermediary between the producer and the final consumer. Retailer firms range in size from a little garage shop to a large international chain store like Metro.

• Cunningham, W., Cunningham, I. & Swift, C.(1987)

APA Harvard??? No need of the first initials in the text. But … they are needed in the Bibliography

EU rank

World rank

Company Retail format(s) Global sales ($m)

1 2 Carrefour Discount, hypermarket, supermarket, superstore, warehouse

79,796

2 4 Metro Cash&carry, department, DIY, food service, hypermarket, speciality, superstore

60,503

3 6 Tesco Convenience, department, hypermarket, supermarket, superstore

51,535

4 8 Ahold Cash&Carry, discount, drug, hypermarket 44,584

5 10 Aldi Einkauf Discount, supermarket 40,060

6 11 Rewe Cash&carry, department, DIY, hypermarket 38,931

7 12 Intermarché Cash&Carry, discount, DIY, supermarket 37,472

8 16 Schwarz Group Discount, supermarket, hyperstore 33,435

9 18 Auchan Department, DIY, hypermarket, supermarket 32,497

10 21 Tengelmann Cash&Carry, discount, DIY, drug, supermarket 29,091

Source: …………

Network Marketing

Do not use pictures (1) without sources and (2) with such quality. The quality matters!

E-sellingIs the process of buying and selling goods on the Internet.

Guess whose sales made 55% of the total sales???