HEat hydroelectricity Lightning current PowEr static electricity Cables negative Television positive WiResBenjamin FranklIn Computers ShockIng ElecTronics BatterY

K-W-L

Know What you want to know Learn

Know• Gives us light• Powers electronic devices (x-box/360/computer)• Has something to do with electrons.• Passes through objects such as water, metal but not rubber.• It can cause a fire.• Dangerous – it can shock you and you can die.• Water and electricity are very dangerous.• It gives us heat.• It tries to get to the ground.• It costs money.

W – What You Want to Know• Why does electricity try to get to the ground?• How do electric eels make electricity?• How is electricity made?• How is thunder and lightning made?• How fast does electricity happen?• Why do we use electricity?• Are there other ways to power things?• Where does electricity come from?• Will it ever run out?• Does it cause cancer or other illnesses?• How does a heater work?• Why is putting a fork or a plate with gold or silver trim, in a microwave,

dangerous?

Research for the Day• When did Gambo receive electricity?

Results of Research

• Answer: Gambo received electricity in … • Shania – Uncle said 1959 or 1960.• Joshua Gr. – Pop said 1960.• Jenna – Pop said 1961.• Ben – ‘Fodder’ said 1961.• Blake – Grandmother said 1960• Matthew – Internet said 1960.• Josh Gill – Dad said 1960.

• Gambo received electricity in 1958. The NL Power provided electricity in Gambo with the completion of the Rattling Brook Hydro development.

ElectricityThe Atom

The atom is the basic building block of all ‘matter’. Everything living or dead, solid, liquid or gas is made up of ‘atoms’.

(See diagram) atom, nucleus, negative: (3) 2 inner, 1 outer.

NucleusNucleus – the nucleus is the heavy central part

of an atom.

It contains:1) Proton – positive charge2) Neutron – (neutral on a car) has no charge – does

nothing. The ‘positive charged’ protons are ‘bound’ inside the nucleus. An atom does not gain or lose positive charges.

Electrons

• Negative charges that circle the nucleus. • Some materials hold onto their electrons very

tightly. (We call these insulators).• Some materials allow their electrons to move

from one atom to another easily. We call these materials conductors. ***Important***

• (Diagram) 15 + 15- This is a balanced atom. It has the same number of positive(+) and negative (-)charges.

Diagram 15+ 12- This atom has lost three electrons. We say it

has a charge of + 3. This atom will be attracted to an atom that has a surplus of negative charges.

(See diagram 15+ 20-) Negatively charged atom. (More electrons than protons).

Opposites Attract

Everything you wanted to know about electricity

1. What is electricity?Electricity is a type of energy. It is hard to understand because you can’t touch it, hear it, smell it or see it. What people can see are the things that electricity can do – it can make a toaster burn bread, make a person have a bad hair day, or make a light bulb glow.

2. How is electricity made? Electricity is made anytime that small particles called electrons move from one object or place to another. * Electricity is invisible because electrons are too small to see. 1 billion electrons can fit into the ball at the tip of a ball point pen!

3. Two types of Electricity:1) Static electricity2) Current electricity

4. Parts of an Atom (see handout)

Atom – Building block of matterNucleus:

– heavy, central part of the atom– positive part of the atom– Not able to move easily

Electrons • Lightest and smallest part of the atom which circle the nucleus in clouds.• Have negative charge.• Able to move which causes electricity.

Negative charge• Objects with extra electrons have a negative charge (-).

Positive charge• Objects that have a shortage or have lost electrons have a positive charge (+).

Attraction Laws• Opposite attract and likes repel (the same as magnets).• + - • - + • + +• - _

Electricity – The Men of…

An American named Benjamin Franklin discovered more about electricity. He discoveredelectricity by performing the famous “kite flying” experiment.

The Men of Electricity…continued.

An Italian, Alessandra Volta, discovered/made the first battery. His first battery was made of a pile of metal disks separated by pads soaked in salt water.

Using Electricity Safely• It can cause fires.• Water an electricity don’t mix.• If your hands are wet, or if your standing in water, do not touch any

electrical devices.• Electricity can travel through water.• If wires are frayed or cracked - don’t use it. • If you want to clean - unplug item first. • Don’t have too many things plugged in at a time in one outlet.• Don’t have a cord near or across a sink.• Don’t pull on a cord. Hold the plug. • Don’t put metal objects into electrical devices. • CSA – Canadian Standards Agency

What are some inventions that make electricity safer?

1. 3 – prong plug2. Grounding wires3. Fuses/breakers4. GFI (Ground Fault Interceptor)

Types of Electricity

• Static – means not moving.

• See static electricity handout for more information.

OtherLED- Light Emitting DiodeLCD- Liquid Circuit Diode

• Circuit – the path through which an electric current travels. The current will not travel unless a circuit is complete and has no breaks.

• Battery - a container that holds the chemicals that make electrical energy.

Batteries• Produce a flow of electricity or electric current.• A battery has two “poles” negative and positive.

The negative end (-)releases electrons to theoutside circuit. The positiveEnd (+) attracts them fromthe outside circuit.

Electrons travel through the circuit from the negative end(-) to the positive end(+), makingan electric current.

The electric current can only be produced if the metals and chemicals are connected in a continuous loop ???

Chemicals in Batteries

Alessandro Volta• The force that pushes the electrons through the

circuit is called, voltage. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8EEkZJxsnmI&feature=player_detailpage• The volt is named after Alessandro Volta, an Italian

scientist, who invented the first battery in 1800.

• Diagram (battery) label metals, electrodes, electrolytes)

Electrolytes – a substance in the battery that can conduct electricity. Dry Cell – electrolyte is paste.Wet Cell - electrolyte is liquid.

Dry Cell Battery

Wet Cell Battery

Safety Videos

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqegBPtyPGI• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=13Sd0d_TDNk&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=10YDib4v2gU&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=n6DXkVY8fzs&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vv4QjaEb-

uQ&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shDWvkZWFIo

Batteries, Bulbs and Wires• Batteries

– Hooked up correctly:• Make sure it’s working !• If damaged, throw away (battery acid)

Bulbs– Again, make sure it works!– Handle carefully, it’s made of glass.– If broken, dispose in necessary glass containers.

Wires– Ensure each wire is completely insulated before touching.– Have wires going to intended objects.– If you don’t know what it is for, Don’t Touch It.

When dealing with electricity…Do Not!!!

• Put metal objects in outlets or when using appliances (ex., toaster)

• Take devices like radios into the bathroom or near the bath.

• Walk where there are fallen power lines.• Climb transmission towers, trees or fly kites near

power lines or exposed wires.• Pull out plugs by the cord.• Take apart electrical appliances (some contain

capacitors which store electrical charge even if unplugged)

Devices Invented To Prevent Shocks

• Fuses• Breakers• Three-prong Plug• “Grounds” your circuit so you don’t get a

shock• Grounding wires – electricity travels to the

ground in case insulation fails

Class Activity

• Create a safety posterUse illustrations and/or text that:– Identify electrical dangers at work and play.– Identify electrical safety devices and procedures

which protect us from these dangers.

Insulators and ConductorsElectric Circuit

Current is the movement of charges in a conductor. A conductor is any substance that easily let electrons pass through them (i.e., paper clips, copper, penny, key, water, especially salt in water, etc.).

An insulator does not allow electrons to flow through it easily. (Not good for letting current flow). (i.e., wool, plastic, straw, paper, glass, wood, cardboard, rubber, etc.)

Note: Copper wire vs silver wire.

• Copper is used in most wiring but silver is a better conductor. But, it costs more therefore the best choice is copper.

• Charges flow from the negative (-) terminal through a complete unbroken path (circuit) and are attracted back to the positive terminal.

Diagram of a simple circuit. (Include filament).

• If you get a break in the circuit or gap, the current will stop and you will get no flow of electrons.

• When current flows ‘heat’ is produced. The heat that is produced causes the thin wire in (filament) in a bulb to glow producing light. (It does not catch fire because there is no oxygen inside the bulb.)

Diagram - 3 Light bulbs in circuit. (Current needs to go all the way around. It does not just go to the first light bulb).

Is current electricity more useful than static electricity?

Current electricity runs all of the appliances in our homes and in the modern world.

Series Circuit

IF there are two or more lights hooked together one after the other like a train, they are in a series circuit. The main problem in a series is that if one bulb burns out, the circuit will be incomplete and the rest of the lights will go out. Series circuits can also overload easily which can lead to wires melting and fires.

Parallel Circuits

Parallel circuits have all the bulbs connected directly to the power source. All the bulbs will turn at the same time but if one bulb goes out, the others will stay lit. This means that this is a safer way of wiring and is used in all new houses.

Incomplete Circuit

The path for the electricity to flow has been broken. The bulb will not light.

Diagram

Reasons: • Remove the battery• Remove the bulb• Open the switch

Closed Circuit

A closed circuit is an example of a complete circuit except that a switch has been added. Closed switch equals current flow from the battery, through the switch. Through the light and back to the battery you must have a switch.

Closed circuitA closed circuit condition exists when a circuit is complete allowing current to flow.

Open Circuit

Switch is open and the circuit is incomplete. Bulb will not light.

Short Circuit

There is a pathway added to the circuit that lets the electricity take a “short cut” without going through the light. Electricity will always take the easiest path. A short circuit will ruin the battery very quickly and the light will not go on since the electricity takes the easiest path. Example: Fork in an outlet

Death by Short Circuit

Electricity always takes easiest path. When someone decides to fix an appliance, without turning off the electricity first or unplugging it, they become at-risk for a short circuit.

What is an Armature?

• An armature is wire wrapped around and around a metal cable (i.e., a nail).

• Generator – Dynamo. A dynamo is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy (electricity). Example: Power Plants use magnets to produce electricity.

• Nearly all the electricity we use is produced by large generators that have coils of wire moving between magnets.

Continued…

• Most generators use turbines. (Turbines look like fans of a windmill, or a propeller on a ship or plane).

• Most generators in Canada use water to push the turbines. The spinning of turbines turns an armature in the generator.

Pushing of Turbines

1. Water – hydroelectricity2. Wind3. Burning of fossil fuels to produce steam.4. Nuclear power plants

Environmental Impact

1. Water – back up water which changes the landscape, creates flood areas by the use of dams. It takes away animal habitats, land to build on, land where crops can be grown, etc.

2. Wind – little damage to the environment. Large windmills can obstruct or change the view of the countryside. They can be noisy. Their terrain has to be torn up to set up the cables, wires, and windmills themselves. Generally they are set up in isolated areas. This creates a problem of getting electricity to where it is needed.

3. Burning of fossil fuels – produce waste that causes air pollution and acid rain.

4. Nuclear Power Plants – use uranium to make a reaction. Heat that is produced makes the steam that pushes the turbine. Nuclear accidents can happen (i.e., Japan), which can poison a large area for thousands of years.

Science Test

Tuesday, March 20th, 2012.

Study!!!