Healthcare system

in Vietnam

Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 20083

Objectives

• Vietnam

• History of Healthcare system

• Healthcare Infrastructure

• Health Financing in Vietnam

• Medical Education

• Common Diseases

• Prevention

• Traditional Medicine

• Challenges

• Opportunities

• Collaboration

Pre-module Questions

1. What are the most hospital admissions during Vietnam War?

2. What percentage of health insurance coverage?

3. Who is responsible for setting hospital services fee and drug prices?

4. How long is the undergraduate medical program?

5. What is the physician-to-population ratio in Vietnam?

6. What is the current leading cause of death in Vietnam?

7. How many percent of people using traditional medicine for treatment?

8. What are barriers that prevent traditional medicine from developing in the right direction?

9. What the Ministry of Health have done to address the shortage of health workers in rural areas?

10. Which health topic that younger generations are concerning?

Vietnam

• Total population: 93,448,000 (54 ethnic

groups)

• Language: Vietnamese

• GDP per capita: $2,111.1

• Life expectancy: 72.8 (WHO 2015)

• Health expenditure, total (% of GDP) :

7.1 (2014)

Reprinted from Flickr, 20114

History of the Healthcare

System

1945 to Vietnam War (1955-1975):

+ Medical University in Viet Bac war zone (1949)+ Hospital Admissions: Battle Injuries and Malaria

Post-war (1976-1980): + Lack of funds and qualified physicians

+ Black markets in medicine

+ Health impacts in Vietnamese veterans (Agent Orange)

Đổi Mới – Renovation (1980s): + Increase GDP in Healthcare spending (1.1%)

+ Provide free basic health care

+ Introduce new healthcare reforms

+ Three Cleans movement and Three Exterminations movement

Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 19681

Healthcare Infrastructure

National level

Province People’s Committee

Districts

Communes

• Ministry of Health (MOH)• National general and

specialist hospital • Research institutes• Medical universities

• Provincial Health Departments• Provincial hospitals• Preventive health center + reproductive health centers.• Medical colleges

• Health Offices• District hospitals/ centers

• Commune Health Centers• Village Health Workers• Skilled Birth Attendants

Healthcare Infrastructure

• Public-private mix of providers model

• Outpatient care: 40% public (60% private)

• Inpatient care: 96% public (4% private)

• Hospital capacity: ≈ 2.45 beds/1,000

populations (2014)

• Physician-to-population ratio: 1.2 physicians/

1,000 populations (2013)

Health Financing in Vietnam

• Social Health Insurance

• Health care funds for the poor policy (2003)

• High rate of out-of-pocket payments

Medical Education

• 12 medical schools (no

private medical schools)

• 4-6 years for

undergraduate medical

education

• Graduate education: three

specialized tracks (Clinical

training, academic training,

and residency training)

Reprinted from Wikimedia Common, 20155

Common Diseases

• Malaria

• Dengue

• Tuberculosis (TB)

• Hepatitis B

• HIV-AIDS

• Stroke

Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 20096

A Shift Toward NCD

9%

16%

10%

3%8%14%

40%

Proportional Mortality in 2010 (WHO)

Injuries

Communicable, Maternal, Perinatal and Nutritional Conditions

Other noncommunicable diseases

Diabetes

Respiratory Diseases

Cancers

Cardiovascular Diseases

Prevention

• 99% of children are vaccinated.

• Self-diagnostic equipment (e.g. blood pressure

monitor and blood glucose monitors)

• 30% of total health care expenditure on

preventive medicine

• Food borne diseases and street food culture

Traditional Medicines

• 30% of patients receive treatment with traditional medicine (WHO 2001)

• Health insurance cover costs

• Encourage people to plant medicinal vegetables.

Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 20102

Barriers: • High self-evaluated knowledge and

skills• Friends, family, or neighbor advices• Unqualified practitioners and

unlicensed healthcare facilities.

Challenges

• Shortage of health workers in remote areas

• Inadequate capacity (Access to health care)

• Limited resources

• Health disparity

• Health education among ethnic minority

Opportunities

• High profit rate in the medical instruments

market

• The development of the private healthcare

• The interest for the personal healthcare

equipment and services among younger

generation.

• Promote access to online health resources

Collaboration

• Strengthening Medical skills training

• Training on designing healthcare infrastructure

• Introducing new medicines and diagnostic technology

• Funding for public health campaigns

Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 20107

Pre-module Questions

1. What are the most hospital admissions during Vietnam War?

2. What percentage of health insurance coverage in 2015?

3. Who is responsible for setting hospital services fee and drug prices?

4. How long is the undergraduate medical program?

5. What is the physician-to-population ratio in Vietnam?

6. What is the leading cause of death in Vietnam?

7. How many percent of people using traditional medicine for treatment?

8. What are barriers that prevent traditional medicine from developing in the right direction?

9. What the Ministry of Health have done to address the shortage of health workers in rural areas?

10. Which health topic that younger generations are concerning?

Answers1. Malaria & battle injuries.

2. 70%

3. The minister of Health, the minister of Finance, and the social health insurance agency

4. 4 to 6 years

5. 7.5 physicians per 10,000 population

6. Non-communicable diseases (75%)

7. 30%

8. Self-evaluated knowledge, acquaintances' advices, and unqualified practitioners

9. Training rotations between central hospitals and lower-level hospitals.

10. Personal health devices.