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Page 1: Guided Notes about Ocean Movements Chapter 15, Section 3

Guided Notes Guided Notes about Ocean about Ocean MovementsMovements

Chapter 15, Section 3Chapter 15, Section 3

Page 2: Guided Notes about Ocean Movements Chapter 15, Section 3

1. A wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through space or matter. An ocean wave is generated by wind flowing over the water’s surface.

Page 3: Guided Notes about Ocean Movements Chapter 15, Section 3

2. The highest point in a wave is the crest, and the lowest is the trough. The vertical distance from crest to trough is the wave height.

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3. Wavelength is the horizontal crest-to-crest distance. Wave speed increases with wavelength.

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3 factors that determine 3 factors that determine wave height wave height

• Wind speed• Wind duration• Fetch, which is the expanse of

water that the wind blows across

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5. Tides are a periodic rise and fall of sea level. The daily cycle of high and low tides takes 24 hours and 50 minutes.

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6. Surface currents affect the upper few hundred meters of the ocean. They follow predictable patterns because they are driven by Earth’s global wind systems.

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7. Earth’s continents deflect ocean currents to the north and south so that closed circular current systems, called gyres, develop. The gyres of the northern hemisphere circulate in a clockwise direction because of the Coriolis effect.

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Define and state the Define and state the importance of upwelling importance of upwelling

• Upwelling is the upward motion of ocean water from cold, lower depths to the surface.

• Upwellings are important because they are rich in nutrients, which support abundant populations of marine life.


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