Geology307Spring2017
IgneousandMetamorphicPetrology
Above:Askjacaldera,Iceland.Below,dikesandsillsexposedatPicodoArieiro,Madeira
Instructor:
Dr.TamaraCarleyEmail:[email protected]:610-330-5199Office:VanWickle101cResearchLab:VanWickle1cOfficeHours:Wednesday(9:30-noon,1:30-4:00)or
casualdrop-inorscheduledappointment:PlaceandTime: VanWickleHall,Room15 Lecture:Tuesday-Thursday,11:00-12:15 Lab1:Tuesday1:15-4:00 CourseObjectives:Petrology is the study of rocks: their origins and evolution. In this course, you will thoroughly investigate the lifecycle of igneous and metamorphic rocks using many converging lines of evidence. You will ask, and learn to answer, questions like: What type of rock is this? What is its composition? What minerals are present and in what relative abundances? What textures are visible in the rock? What are its macro- and microscopic characteristics? How did it form? HOW DID IT FORM?! Where did this rock originally form and where was it ultimately found? How has the rock changed since its formation? Where else on earth do we find rocks with similar characteristics? Throughout it all, ask “why, Why, WHY?!” and “how do we know?” and “could there be another explanation?” Learningoutcomes:
• Describe,explain,anddifferentiatethecompositionalandphysicallayersoftheEarth• Identifybasicminerals;understandrelationshipsbetweentheirchemistryandoccurrence• Knowbasicigneous,metamorphicandsedimentaryrockprocessesandtypes• Relaterockprocessestoplatetectonicsorotherbroad-scaleearthprocesses• Explainwhere,whyandhowspecificigneousandmetamorphicrocktypesareproduced• Skillfullyacquire,interpretandaccesssoundscientificdataandinformationabouttheEarth
2 Geology307syllabus
Textbook:PrinciplesofIgneousandMetamorphicPetrology(2ndEdition)byJohnD.Winter(Prentice-Hall).WatchforWallaWallareferences!Photo:ColumbiaRiverBasaltatPalouseFalls,WATalkin’rocks:I’mveryhappytodiscussthecourse,assignments,grades,yourclassroomexperience,andthiscrazyplanetofours.Visitmyofficeorresearchlabforcasualdrop-inmeetings,orcontactmeinadvancetoscheduleanappointment(Wednesdaysarepreferred).I’malsohappytocommunicateviaemail.I’mnotbigonformality,butIdoaskforasalutation,asign-off,andaresponseinallofouremailexchanges.Iwillstrivetorespondtoyouremailspromptly,butpleaseknowthatImaywaituntilmorning(orMonday)torespondtoemailsreceivedafterIleaveVanWicklefortheevening.Planahead!ThewayIteach:Iamastrongproponentof“activelearning,”and“challenge-basedlearning.”Things“stick”bestwhenyoulearnbydoing.Therewillbefrequentopportunitiestoexerciseagencyandidentifysubtopicsandexamplesthatyoufindtobeparticularlyinterestingandrelevant.Thisapproachtoteachingandlearninghashugebenefits,butitrequiresagreatdealofparticipation,cooperation,enthusiasm,andpreparationonyourpart.Ithankyouinadvance.Atypicalweek:
• TuesdayLecture:o CompletetheMoodlequizbefore10:00amonTuesdaymorning.Wewilltypically
begintheweekwithadiscussionofthequiz.o Interactivelecture,oftenaccompaniedbyin-classproblemsetsoractivities
• TuesdayLabo Previousweek’slabdue(typicallyviaMoodleSubmissionPortal)by1:15pmo Labtasksandtheirgradebookcategory(e.g.,GeneralLab,IgneousWorldTour,etc.)
summarizedatthebeginningoflabandatthetopofyourweeklylabhandout.• ThursdayLecture
o Typical:interactivelecture,oftenaccompaniedbyin-classproblemsetsoractivitieso Occasional:continuationordiscussionoflabactivity.
Attendance:Cometoclass.Cometolab.Attendfieldtrips.Iwillgladlyacceptdean-approvedabsences.Otherwise,youmustbepresent(andparticipating!)inclassandlab.Violationofthispolicywillresultinanegativeimpactonyour“GeneralLabandRelatedTasks”grade.Timeliness:Wewillspendalotofclasstimethinkingaboutanddiscussinggeologictime.Inpractice,though,wemustoperateonsocialcontracttime.Bepunctualforclass,lab,andfieldtrips.WorkwilltypicallybecollectedviaMoodlesubmissionportalsthathaveexplicitsubmissiondeadlines.Occasionallyyouwillneedtosubmitphysicalcopiesofworkatthebeginningofthedesignatedclassperiod.Lateworkwillbeaccepteduntilgradedworkisreturnedtoyourclassmates,buttherewillbepenaltiesfortardiness:5%iflateondeadlineday,10%everydaythereafter.Classcancelation:ItisthepolicyofLafayetteCollegeandGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencestoholdclasseseverydaytheyarescheduled(nosnowdays!).If a rare circumstance emerges that makes class cancelation unavoidable (dangerous conditions, extreme illness, required research travel), the missed class time will be made up with an alternative arrangement on a case-by-case basis (e.g., rescheduled class, mandatory attendance at a relevant campus event, etc.).
Geology307syllabus 3
Technologyduringlab:It’snottheStoneAgeanymore.Weliveinanamazingtechnologicalera,andwewillmakefrequentuseofmanyelectronicresources(e.g.,Omeka,GoogleEarth,MELTS,Excel,Moodle,etc.)duringourtimetogether.Plantohavealaptopandyourtextbookwithyouforeachlabsession.Pleasecontactmeifthisisaproblemandwewillfindasolution(noproblem!).Technologyduringlecture:Thereisatimeandaplaceforeverything.Asageneralrule,pleaseconsiderourclassroomtobeascreenfreezoneduringourlectureperiods.Iwillbeveryclearabouttimeswhenlaptopsandphones(orsimilar)maybeused.Otherwise,Iaskthatyoucometoclassreadytoparticipateindiscussionsandactivitiesandcriticalthinkingexerciseswithoutthecrutchordistractionofatoolwithapowerbutton.Violationofthispolicywillresultinanegativeimpactonyour“GeneralLabandRelatedTasks”grade.Moodle:WewilluseMoodlefrequently—forcommunication,dailyreadingassignments,resourcedistribution,surveysandpolls,assignmentsubmissions,gradereporting,etc.PleasefamiliarizeyourselfwithMoodle,andpleaseletmeknowifyouhaveanyquestionsorconcerns.MoodleDisclaimer:MoodlecontainsstudentinformationthatisprotectedbytheFamilyEducationalRighttoPrivacyAct(FERPA).Disclosuretounauthorizedpartiesviolatesfederalprivacylaws.CoursesusingMoodlewillmakestudentinformationvisibletootherstudentsinthisclass.Pleaserememberthatthisinformationisprotectedbythesefederalprivacylawsandmustnotbesharedwithanyoneoutsidetheclass.AcademicHonesty:Integrityisofparamountimportance,andIholditinthehighestregard.It’sokay(evenencouraged,andoftenrequired!)tostruggleasyougrapplewithnewconcepts.It’snotokay(never,ever)tocompromiseyouracademicintegrity.Anyworkyousubmitmustbeyourowncreation.Theideasyouputforthindiscussionandtheanswersyouprovideonhomeworkorexamsmustbeyouroriginalthoughts;otherwise,creditmustbegivenwherecreditisdue(citingpublishedwork,oracknowledgingyourpeersfortheirintellectualcontributions).AnyperceivedbreachofacademicintegritywillbereportedtothechairofGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencesandtotheDeanofStudents.ConsulttheStudentHandbookforfurtherinformation.AcademicAccommodation:Iamhappytodiscusappropriateaccommodationsthatyoumayrequiretobesuccessfulinthiscourse.IaskthatyoucontacttheATTIC([email protected],610-330-5098)andinvolvetheminindeterminingandfacilitatinganactionplanassoonaspossible.WorkSubmission:
• Moodlequizzesmustbecompletedby10:00amonTuesdaymorning• Physicallabassignmentsmustbehandedinatthebeginningofthelabperiod• DigitallabassignmentsmustbesubmittedviaMoodleby1:15pmonTuesdays• Extracreditwriteupsaredueoneweekafterseminarsat1:00pmonMoodle• Anyotherassignments(rare)willbecollectedatthestartoflectureontheduedate.• Lateworkwillbeaccepteduntilgradedworkisreturnedtoyourclassmates:5%penaltyif
lateondeadlineday,10%everydaythereafter.Examscannotberescheduled.ProtectedPrivacy:Youwillbeassignedarandom4digitIDnumbertouseonallpapersubmissionsofwork(exams,printedlabs,etc.).Respecttheanonymityofthenumber.WorkReturn:Youmaypickupgradedwork(labrubrics,examandquizscores,etc.)fromthehangingfilesoutsidemyofficedoor,inafolderlabeledwithyouranonymousIDnumber.Youcanviewyourgradedexamsinofficehours(typicallyavailableoneweekafteryoutaketheexam).
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GradeCommunication:Youareresponsibleforkeepingtrackofyourgradesthroughoutthecourseofthesemester.Thevalueofeachassignmentisavailableinthe“AssignmentOverviewandGradeDistribution”sectionofthissyllabus.Youmayinquireaboutyourgradeinofficehoursatanypointinthesemester.Gradesarenotnegotiable—takeadvantageofextracreditopportunities!Gradingpolicyandabreakdownofthenumbers:Aboveandbeyond
expectations
Good,high-qualitywork
Sufficient;baselineexpectationsmet Roomforimprovement
A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D-94% 90% 87% 84% 80% 77% 74% 70% 67% 64% 60%Thesenumbersindicatetheminimumscorethatmustbeearnedforeachcorrespondinglettergrade.Gradesarefirm(no
rounding!)andnon-negotiable.Takeadvantageofextracreditandopportunitiestoredoworkforpartialcredit.ExtraCredit:Youmayaddamaximumof5%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade(thisissignificant—takeadvantage!).Allextracreditwillbeassessedandfactoredintoyourfinalgradeattheendofthesemester.
• BrownBagSeminars(orsimilar):YoucanearnextracreditbyattendingBrownBagseminarsandothercampusevents(onacase-by-casebasis).Attendanceandappropriateparticipationwilladd0.25%extracredittoyourfinalgrade.Ashortwriteup(2pages,1inchmargins,1.5spacing,size11font)canbesubmittedforamaximumof0.75%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade.Thewriteupmustcontain:(1)asummaryofthelecture;(2)anoverviewofissuesyoufoundparticularlyinteresting;and(3)questionsyouhaverelatedtothecontentofthelecture.Write-upsaredueviaMoodleonorbeforeMay5th.
• IgneousWorldTour:YourfinalWordPressprojectwillincludeindividualpagesforamid-oceanridge,oceanisland,subductionzone,andcomparisonpage.Youmayearnupto4%extracredittowardsyourfinalgradebyaddingacontinentalriftorhotspottoyourproject.
• OmekaDigitalMuseum:Youmayearnupto4%extracredittowardsyourfinalgradebycontributingOmekaentriesforourofficialrockandmineralcollections.AconsultationwithDr.Carleyisnecessarytodefineyourtasksandtoagreeontheamountofcreditearned.
Courseschedule:Thiscourseschedule,likeourdynamicplanet,issubjecttochange.Changemaybeslowandsteady(uniformitarianism!),orcomeinfitsofdrasticupheaval(catastrophism!).PleasecheckMoodlefrequentlytostayuptodatewithreadingsandacurrenttimelineofevents.Week Generaltopic01/23 IntroductiontoPetrology,rockbuildingminerals,andmaficvs.felsicrocks01/30 TheMantle02/06 Volcaniclandforms,eruptiveproducts,andtheroomproblem02/13 MagmaticevolutionExam1willincludematerialthruthisweek02/20 Mid-OceanRidgesLegoLabdue(2/21);Exam1(2/23)02/27 OceanIslands03/06 Continentalriftsandhotspots03/13 SpringBreak03/20 Convergentmargins(subduction)03/27 Igneouswrap-upweekExam2willincludematerialthruthisweek04/03 IgneoustometamorphictransitionWorldtourdue(4/4);Exam2(4/6)04/10 Equilibriummineralassemblages04/17 Metamorphicfacies,metamorphismofmaficrocks04/25 Metamorphiczones,metamorphismofpeliticrocks05/01 Wrap-upandreflectionsMetamorphicadopt-a-rockdue(5/05)Finals Examdatedeterminedbyregistrar
GradeDistributionandAssignmentOverviewCategory SpecificAssignments % Description
Exams
Exam1 12
Thisexamwillbewrittenfora75-minuteclassperiod.Itmayincludeshortanswerresponses,labelingoffiguresandgraphs,calculations,phasediagramandgeochemicalplotinterpretation,andspecimenwork(identification,interpretation).Ifyouwish,youmaycompletetheexamtothebestofyourabilityusingpencilbeforeswitchingtopenandmakingcorrectionsforpartialcreditusing
yourhandmademineralIDguide.Exam1willincludecontentthroughthe“magmaticevolution”week(LegoLabconcepts).Exam2 13 Exam2willfollowtheformatandguidelinesspecifiedabove,andwillinclude~30%conceptsfrombeforeExam1,~70%newcontent.
FinalExam 15ThefinalexamwillfollowthesameformatandguidelinesasExams1and2.Itwillbewrittenfora150minuteexamperiod,butyoumaytake180minutestocompleteandcheckyourwork.Thefinalwillbecumulative,andwillconsistof~40%igneousconceptsand
~60%metamorphicconcepts.
Quizzes
Moodlequizzes 5 ShortquizzesrelatedtolecturematerialandnewreadingswillbeadministeredonMoodleeachweek(note:noquizzestheweeksofexams).Thesequizzesareindependentexercises(notcollaborative),butyoumayconsultyournotesandtextbook.
Specimenquizzes 5Specimenquizzesmayincludeidentificationandinterpretationofrocksandmineralsinthinsectionandhandsample.Note:mineralformulasandwholerockgeochemistryareimportanttobothidentificationandinterpretation.Quizzeswillbeannouncedoneweekinadvance,andmaybeheldduringeitherlectureorlab.Thesequizzeswillbepeergraded,andwillbeusedtofacilitatediscussion.
GeneralLabandLectureActivities
Generallabandlectureactivities 10
Standardlabtasks(weekly)andin-classactivitieswithatake-homecomponent(rare)willbefactoredintothisgradebookcategory.Unlessexplicitlystatedotherwiseonanassignmenthandout,everythinginthiscategorywillbeaveragedtogetherandweighted
equally.Note:twospecificlabs(theLegoLabandMetamorphicAdopt-a-Rock)andcomponentsoflabstailoredtokeepyouontrackwithyourIgneousWorldTour(seebelow)willnotbefactoredintothisgradebookcategory.
SpecificLabs
LegoLab 8
YouwillexplorechemicaldifferentiationviafractionalcrystallizationusingLegostosimulateacrystallizingmagmabody.Thisweek-longexercisewillhelpyoubuildtheskillsnecessarytobesuccessfulinyour“igneousworldtour”project.Youwill:classifyrocksandmagmausingbulkrockchemistryandmineralassemblages;useExceltocalculatechangingchemistryandtogenerategeochemicalgraphsandplots;analyzeandinterpretgeochemicalgraphs;findrocksandmineralsintheteachingcollectionthatcorrespondtotherocksandmineralsinyoursimulation.Youwillsummarizeyourresultsinaconcisebutwell-illustratedreport,tobesubmitted
electronicallyviaMoodleat1:15onFebruary21st.
MetamorphicAdopt-a-Rock 10
Whenwetransitionfromigneoustometamorphicrocks,youwillfindarockto“adopt.”Youwilldescribetherockinhandsample,makeandcharacterizeathinsection,andmakeyourbestattempttotellthefulllife-storyoftherock,fromtheformationofitsprotolithtoitscurrentstate(usingevidenceliketexture,mineralassemblages).Youwillpresentyourworkandyourinterpretationsinaconcisebut
well-illustratedreport,tobesubmittedelectronicallyviaMoodleat1:15onthelastdayofclass(May5).
IgneousWorldTour
Landformlabcontribution 2
Severallabshavetasksdesignedtoassistinthesuccessfulcompletionofyour"IgneousWorldTour"project.Thesetaskswillbeclearlydelineatedonassignmenthandouts,andwilleachbeworth2%ofyourtotalgrade.TasksexplicitlyassociatedwithyourIgneousWorld
Tourwillnotbeaveragedintoyour"GeneralLab"gradebookcategory.
MELTSlabcontribution 2
MORBlabcontribution 2
OIBlabcontribution 2
Subductionlabcontribution 2
Rocklabcontribution 2
FinalReport 10
Together,asaclass,wewillexploremid-oceanridgesfromtheperspectiveofanigneouspetrologist.Youwillthentakepersonalresponsibilityforuniquevolcanicsystemsin(1)anoceanislandsetting,and(2)asubductionzone.Youandapartnerwillcompareyourfindingsforyouruniquesettings.Thisprojectwillbetheculminationofseverallabsandlecturesintheigenouspetrologyunitofthe
class.Youwillcompileyourresultsandinterpretationsinawell-illustratedWordPresswebsite,dueApril4th.
ExtraCredit ExtraCredit ≤5%Commonoptionsincludebrownbagseminarattendanceandreflection(seesyllabusdescription),supplementalOmekaentriesfortheDigitalMuseumproject(seesyllabusdescription),orexploringacontinentalhotspotorriftinyourIgneousWorldTourWordPress
website.Otherextracreditopportunitieswillbeofferedastheypresentthemselves,orconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.
