Transcript
Page 1: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

• Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information

- - Focus Vision Focus Vision

- - Central Vision Central Vision

-- Peripheral VisionPeripheral Vision

• Maintaining an Open Line of SightMaintaining an Open Line of Sight

• Developing Searching SkillsDeveloping Searching Skills

Vision RequirementsVision Requirements

T – 3.8

Topic 2 Lesson 1

Note: 90% of the driving task is visual!

Page 2: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Driver’s Useful Vision AreasDriver’s Useful Vision Areas

Gathering Useful Visual Gathering Useful Visual InformationInformation

Focus Vision Area (Focal)

Includes 3 to 5 degrees of useful Includes 3 to 5 degrees of useful information that is used when:information that is used when:

TargetingTargetingEstablishing a Visual LeadEstablishing a Visual LeadReading Signs and Interpreting SignalsReading Signs and Interpreting Signals

T – 3.10

Topic 2 Lesson 2

Page 3: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Driver’s Useful Vision AreasDriver’s Useful Vision Areas

Referencing Vehicle Position to Roadway

Viewing Path of Travel

Viewing Line of Sight to Target Area

T – 3.11

Topic 2 Lesson 2

Gathering Useful Visual Gathering Useful Visual InformationInformation

Central Vision Area30 to 36 degrees of useful information that includes:

Page 4: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Driver’s Useful Vision AreasDriver’s Useful Vision Areas

Gathering Useful Visual InformationGathering Useful Visual Information

T – 3.12

Topic 2 Lesson 2

Peripheral Vision

Peripheral Vision

Peripheral Vision • 175-180 degrees of useful information that detects:

•Motion Changes

•Color Changes

Page 5: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Capacity of Visual FieldsCapacity of Visual Fields

Focus Vision

Central Vision

Peripheral Vision

Peripheral Vision

Motion and Color Changes

Focus Vision

Visual Lead, Targeting, Signs, Signals

Central Vision

Referencing, Path of Travel, Sightlines

Visual Fields in OperationVisual Fields in Operation

T – 3.13

Topic 2 Lesson 3

Page 6: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

LINE OF SIGHT

Ability to see your path of travel

PATH OF TRAVEL

How you are going to get from point A (where you are)

to point B (where you want to go)

A

B

Page 7: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Line of Sight/Path of Travel

Line of Sight Limitations or Line of Sight Limitations or RestrictionsRestrictions

When line of sight is When line of sight is restricted or blocked:restricted or blocked:

adjust speed adjust speed untiluntil

visual lead, target visual lead, target area, and the line of area, and the line of sight are restored.sight are restored.

T – 3.15

Topic 2 Lesson 3

Target

Page 8: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Effect of Speed on Vision and SteeringEffect of Speed on Vision and Steering

As speed increases:As speed increases:

• central vision narrows and blurs

• peripheral vision decreases

• changes in steering will cause exaggerated

vehicle movements

VISUAL FIELDS NARROWVISUAL FIELDS NARROW

T – 3.16

Topic 2 Lesson 4

Page 9: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Effect of Speed on VisionEffect of Speed on Vision

• allow more time to gather information;

• place more space between other users and your vehicle so sudden steering changes are held to a minimum.

As speed increases, look farther ahead As speed increases, look farther ahead ofof your vehicle

to increase line of sight (LOS) and search your path of

travel (POT) to:

T – 3.17

Topic 2 Lesson 4

Page 10: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Maintaining Space/Visibility to the FrontMaintaining Space/Visibility to the Front

T – 5.14a

Topic 1 Lesson 4

Three ways to control space in front of the vehicle:Three ways to control space in front of the vehicle:

1. 1. Time your Arrival –Time your Arrival – adjust speed early to avoid adjust speed early to avoid unnecessary braking, stops, and to conserve fuelunnecessary braking, stops, and to conserve fuel

2. 2. Forward Placement at an Intersection –Forward Placement at an Intersection – maintain a maintain a position that allows you to monitor the intersectionposition that allows you to monitor the intersection

3. 3. Following Interval --Following Interval -- control space while in motion to control space while in motion to establish a space cushion and open line of sight establish a space cushion and open line of sight

Page 11: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Space Management System

• S earch

• E valuate

• E xecute

• i n

• T ime

Topic 2 Lesson 4

T-3.20a

Good Drivers Develop a Space Management System

Page 12: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

SearchingSearching

• Identifying high risk situationsIdentifying high risk situations- Effective searching techniques- Having time to identify hazards- Keeping stable scanning eye

movements- Getting a large view of the roadway- Establishing a line of sight and path

of travel position

• Gaining informationGaining information- Effectively managing space- Looking for changing areas- Looking for open areas- Looking for closed areas

T – 3.21

Topic 3 Lesson 1

Page 13: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

EvaluatingEvaluating

• Potential and Critical Hazards

• Collision Potential

• Intersections

• Curves

• Position Adjustments

• Speed Adjustments

• Reduced Line of Sight

T – 3.22

Topic 3 Lesson 1

RECOGNIZINGRECOGNIZING high risk situations high risk situations

Page 14: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

EvaluatingEvaluating

Decision-makingDecision-making

• Maintain an open line of sight (LOS) and path of travel (POT)

Motion control Controlled/threshold braking

Progressive acceleration

Steering control Hand-to-hand Evasive action

Preventing high risk situationsPreventing high risk situations• Maintain open LOS, POT, and proper lane position• Manage time and space

T – 3.23

Topic 3 Lesson 1

Controlling high risk situationsControlling high risk situations

Page 15: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

ExecutingExecuting

Speed changesSpeed changes Lane position changesLane position changes Space controlSpace control

in response toin response to

risk or dangerrisk or danger traffic conditionstraffic conditions roadway conditionsroadway conditions vehicle balancevehicle balance

T – 3.24

Topic 3 Lesson 1

Page 16: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

IndecisionIndecision

Correct DecisionCorrect Decision

Wrong DecisionWrong Decision

Evaluate/ExecuteEvaluate/Execute

4Second Space

Provides More

Options

T – 3.25

Topic 3 Lesson 1

LP 4

Steer left to open space

Steer Right

Page 17: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Following IntervalsFollowing Intervals

• 2 Seconds…2 Seconds… Allows driver time to steer out of problem areas at all listed speeds on a dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds under 35 mph.

• 3 Seconds…3 Seconds… Allows driver time to steer out of problem areas at all listed speeds on dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds to 45 mph.

• 4 Seconds…4 Seconds… Allows driver to steer out of problem areas at speeds up to 65 mph on dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds to the legal limit of 65 mph.

T – 3.20

Topic 2 Lesson 4

Most factory equipped passenger car tires are not designed to steer out of problem areas at speeds beyond 75 mph. At such speeds, speed rated tires are required due to increased tire heat and reduced traction caused by excessive sidewall flexion--especially on curves or when turning.

Page 18: Gaining Visual InformationGaining Visual Information - Focus Vision - Focus Vision - Central Vision - Central Vision - Peripheral Vision - Peripheral Vision

Determining Following IntervalsDetermining Following Intervals

Fixed Object or ShadowFixed Object or Shadow

One Thousand One

One Thousand Two

One Thousand Three

One Thousand Four

T – 3.18

Topic 2 Lesson 4


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