Download - Four Square Paragraph
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Four-Square Organization
Mack Gipson, Jr. Tutorial and Enrichment
Center
Gayla S. Keesee, Education Specialist
rev. 9/2006
Descriptive Paragraph
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Structure of a Paragraph
Introduction Topic Sentence Subject = topic of
paragraph Controlling idea—
judgment or attitude about the topic
Body 3 levels supporting
details Answer who, what, why,
where, when, how?
Conclusion Provides closure—
clincher sentence
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Topic Sentence
Points to Remember Subject = topic of
paragraph Controlling idea—
judgment or attitude about the topic
Complete Sentence Not the Prompt!!
Usual Locations First sentence Last sentence Middle
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Transition words and expressions help connect ideas within and between
paragraphs. They do this by showing relationships, such as addition or contrast or
result
Teacher: Your paper doesn’t show a smooth flow of thoughts. You need to add transitions between ideas and paragraphs.
Student: I have no idea what a transition is. What are some words that I can use to make my paper flow?
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Paint a picture with words
Paint a picture with words
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Basic Paragraph
Topic Sentence Transition + 1st Supporting Detail
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + 2nd Supporting Detail
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + 3rd Supporting Detail
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Example, Incident, Statistic
Transition + Clincher Sentence
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Sample Paragraph My experience in the nature study area
was full of surprises. First of all, many unexpected creatures
crossed our path. For example, as soon as we left the
parking area and entered the grassy path, a long snake slithered along the edge of the high grass and quickly disappeared.
In addition, I was surprised by how colorful the grasses, which from a distance all appear to be green, actually are. Specifically, the primarily green landscape
is dotted with countless purple tassels and brown stalks.
Finally and most importantly, I was unprepared for how quickly I felt surrounded by nature. Although the noise from passing cars and
airplanes occasionally intrudes, the high prairie grasses and rolling pathways create a sense that one is removed from civilization.
Altogether, the nature study area unexpectedly allows one to enjoy an ever-changing natural environment without leaving campus.
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Body Paragraphs From Broad to Specific
Level 1: Topic Sentence Controlling sentence
names and controls the topic
Level 2: Clarifying Sentences Help make the topic
clearer—explain how support topic sent.
Level 3: Completing sentences Add specific
details/examples to complete the picture
Animal (essay level)
Dogs
Poodles
Fifi
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• Names (people, movie, restaurant,
rides)• Best friend—Rochelle, Waiting to Exhale• Arby’s, Georgia Cyclone
• Numbers• Three goldfish, 28 ounces, 18 years
• Dates/Times• Last Thursday, July 4, morning, from 8:00-
12:00
• Places• May Park, Clarke Middle School
• Colors• Crimson, burnt sienna, kelly green,
chocolate, toast, peach
• Comparisons• Like a mad dog, golf ball size
• Sensory Details• Wiggle, clammy, murky, boom, clank,
spicy, tangy
• Active Verbs• Looked—glanced, squinted, peeked
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Sight Description Specific Nouns Specific Verbs
Touch Texture
Hearing Onomatopoeia
Smell fragrances
Taste
Sensory Details
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Describe Meal
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Be specificMake comparisons
Add color Sauce
Ragu Chunky Mushroom Chunky vine-ripe tomatoes Crimson explosion
Meatballs Ping pong balls Red golf balls Littered with parmesan
cheese slivers Spaghetti
Mounds of angel hair spaghetti
Twirl on fork Like a ball of yarn Swimming in sauce
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Fold your paper into four squares.
Darken in the lines.
To begin…
Write your Topic Sentence above the line in the middle to remind you of what you will be proving.
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Spaghetti and meatballs makes a
mouth-watering meal.
Now we have to clarify what we mean by “mouth-
watering meal.”
Answer how? why?
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Seasonings
Tomatoes
Meat Choices
Spaghetti and meatballs makes a
mouth-watering meal.
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Seasonings• Tickle taste buds
• Oregano• Coarse black pepper• Thyme • Sage
• Garlic• Whole cloves• Crushed• Add extra spiciness
• Vegetables• Diced onions• Green pepper chunks• Sliced mushrooms
-Tomatoes• Base for savory sauce• Home-grown
• Vine-ripened• Better Boy• Rich, full of flavor• Organic
• Ruby red to dark pink• Vibrant color• Full of lycopene
• Chunky • Canned or fresh• Just crush w/hands• Juices run down arm
Meat Choices• Use pork or hamburger
• Lean meat• Low in fat • Crusty brown
• Add Italian sausage• 2 inch chunks• Squeeze out of
casings• Sweet
• Like a gumbo• Assortment of meats
floating in sauce• Filling as Thanksgiving
• Always eat too much
Spaghetti and meatballs is great because it
makes a mouth-watering meal.
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Seasonings• Tickle taste buds
• Oregano• Coarse black pepper• Thyme • Sage
• Garlic• Whole cloves• Crushed• Add extra spiciness
• Vegetables• Diced onions• Green pepper chunks• Sliced mushrooms
-Tomatoes• Base for savory sauce• Home-grown
• Vine-ripened• Better Boy• Rich, full of flavor• Organic
• Ruby red to dark pink• Vibrant color• Full of lycopene
• Chunky • Canned or fresh• Just crush w/hands• Juices run down arm
Meat Choices• Use pork or hamburger
• Lean meat• Low in fat • Crusty brown
• Add Italian sausage• 2 inch chunks• Squeeze out of
casings• Sweet
• Like a gumbo• Assortment of meats
floating in sauce• Filling as Thanksgiving
• Always eat too much
Spaghetti and meatballs is great because it
makes a mouth-watering meal.
Connect ideas within paragraphs
Sequence: first, next
Illustration: for example, in other words, to clarify
Addition: Also, in addition, besides