Formation of EU (1951-1957)

Hemanth T

Naveen Nikamanth A B

Treaty of Paris (1951)

• Between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg

• Formation of ECSC

Initial resistance

ECSC

• Objective : organizing free movement of coal and steel and free access to sources of production

• Why ? This choice was not only economic but also political, as these two raw materials were the basis of the industry and power of the two countries. The underlying political objective was to strengthen Franco-German solidarity, banish the spectre of war and open the way to European integration

Impact of ECSC

• Other Institutions established - a High Authority, an Assembly, a Council of Ministers and a Court of Justice

• Impact– Neither changed the pattern of production nor the pattern

of trade– Served its primary purpose : Assuring that Germany would

not again become a dominant force in the continent– Once the threat of German dominance of coal and steel

was over there was no impetus for integration of the industries

– The HA did not set European steel policy and the ECJ did not serve as a force for integration

Failure of EDC

Failure of EDC

• The French fear as a consequence of the U.S. decision to rearm Germany was, perhaps, the driving factor for the French Prime Minister

• The primary aim of the U.S. was to create a stable Europe so that the U.S. private sector could operate and make business in the Continent

• Germany was a reliable and predictable partner for the U.S. to promote its liberal policies on the Continent, whereas France was resisting the plan

Western European Union (1955)

• the integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into the Atlantic Alliance;

• the restoration of confidence among Western European countries by assuming responsibilities for arms control;

• consultation between the European Community founding Member States and the United Kingdom

Re-Unification of Saarland

• After World War II, the Saarland

came under French occupation

• In 1954, France and the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) developed a detailed plan called the Saarstatut to establish an independent Saarland. However the Referendum was rejected.

• On 27 October 1956 the Saar Treaty declared that Saarland should be allowed to join the Federal Republic of Germany, which it did on 1 January 1957

Council of Europe – Flag (1955)

Symbolises the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the people of Europe

The number of stars has nothing to do with the number of member countries, though the circle is a symbol of unity

Treaties of Rome

Treaties of Rome (contd.)

• Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany

• Founding of European Economic Community and EURATOM

• Initially, the Common Assembly proposed extending the powers of the ECSC to cover other sources of energy

• The Benelux states and Germany were also keen on creating a general common market, although it was opposed by France due to its protectionism

• Two separate communties proposed by Paul Henri Spaak – EEC and Euratom

EEC

Objectives• to transform the conditions of trade and

manufacture on the territory of the Community• EEC as a contribution towards the functional

construction of a political Europe and constituted a step towards the closer unification of Europe.

Contributions• Establishment of a common market• Establishment of a customs union• Development of common policies

Euratom

• The original members were Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands

• a nuclear-energy industry on a European rather than a national scale

• coordinate research in atomic energy, encourage the construction of nuclear-power installations, establish safety and health regulations, encourage the free flow of information and the free movement of personnel, and establish a common market for trade in nuclear equipment and materials

European Community (1957)

References

• http://www.cvce.eu/obj/cartoon_by_cesar_on_the_consequences_of_the_failure_of_the_edc_22_september_1954-en-077577bc-7a6c-4120-a6ea-31b72613e0b9.html

• http://www.cvce.eu/obj/cartoon_by_carrier_on_the_risks_involved_in_the_schuman_plan_5_december_1951-en-b9a2d92d-6f10-44b7-a919-1e071da72e0f.html

• The theory and the reality of the ECSC, K.J.Alter, D. Steinberg• http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/index_en.htm• http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-

information/symbols/flag/index_en.htm• http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1546631/How-EU-

leaders-signed-a-blank-cheque.html