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The hormones produced by the endocrine system control virtually all aspects of thefish's life, including
reproduction, growth, and metabolism.
The following tells about the different endocrine tissues and glands and theirfunctions.
Endocrine System of Fish: For the most part, the endocrine system of fish is comparable to that of higher
vertebrates.However, some of the endocrine tissue do not form distinct glands in fish as they
do in other animals, although almost all of the same hormones are produced.The fish has some endocrine tissues, such as the caudal neurosecretory tissue and
the corpuscles of Stannius ,which higher vertebrates do not ossess.
The hormones produced by the endocrine system control virtually all aspects of thefish's life, including reproduction, growth,
and metabolism.
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n ocr ne na omy an unc on o s
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istim Hormonal/Endokrin pada Ikan
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Pituitary GlandAdrenal GlandThyroid/parathyroidGonadsOthers
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Pituitary and Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland This gland is often called the "master gland",
because it controls other endocrine glandactivity.
The pituitary gland releases oxytocin andvasotocin, hormonal secretions associated with
osmoregulation and reproduction.
Thyroid gland The thyroid gland produces several hormones which
appear to be greatly varied in function. Not all of the effects are well understood, but it
thought that the thyroid helps control the rate ofoxygen consumption, as well as altering
carbohydrate and protein metabolism. It also produces hormones which affect motor
activity, growth, and central nervous system
function.Ir Agoes Soeprijanto MS Lab. Reproduksi Perbenihan Dan Pemuliaan Ikan Fakultas Perikanan Unibraw
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Located at base of brain= hypophysisMaster gland ofendocrine system Neurohypophysis
(pars nervosa) Adenohypophysis
(pars distalis) Pars intermedia
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Ultimobranchial gland This gland is located below the esophagus near
the sinus venosus of the heart. It secretes calcitonin a hormone thought to
control calcium metabolism.
Chromaffin tissue This tissue is distributed around the post-cardinalveins.
Chromaffin tissue secretes adrenaline whichcontrols the heart rate blood pressure and dilation
of the pupils. In times of stress this tissue is stimulated causing
more adrenaline to be produced.
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Interrenal tissue This tissue is found around the head kidney and secretes
steroids. These steroids control osmoregulatory processes associated with
the gills, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
Islets of Langerhans This tissue is also often referred to as the pancreatic islets.
It is distributed around the pyloric caeca, intestine, spleen, andgall bladder.
The pancreatic islets produce insulin, a hormone necessary for
carbohydrate metabolism, and in the conversion of glucose toglycogen. Intestinal mucosa- Hormones produced by the intestine regulate
functions of the pancreas .
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KidneyThe kidney produces renin, a hormone associated with
the function of blood vessels in the kidney.
Gonads
The sex glands of both sexes secrete steroids which areresponsible for reproductive behavior
including courtship, nest building, and spawning.These hormones also stimulate development and
maintenance of secondary sex characteristics,as well as the production of gametes.
Ovaries produce estrogen-like hormones that attract males.The testes produce androgens, mainly testosterone,
which are important in sexual behavior andspawning activities of the male.
Gonad stimulation and development by gonadrotropin hormones.Production of estrogens, progesterone, maturation factors, testosterone by gonads.
Environmental pollutants can increase cell destruction, or mimic sex steroids. Artificial manipulation of spawning, sexual manipulation in aquaculture.
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GONADS
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Not a discrete, organized gland in fishLocated in inter-renal tissue and suprarenalglandProduction of stress hormones
Corticosteroids - cortisolCatecholamines epinephrine,
norepinephrine
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Adrenal Glands
Stress response of adrenalhormones
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Regulasi Neuroendokrin pada Reproduksi Ikan
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Pineal organ This organ is located above and behind the
eye.It secretes melatonin, which aggregates melanin.
This hormone is associated with growth.
audal neurosecretory system This system is located near the end of the
spinal cord. Little is known about the function of the
hormones produced in this area, but it isthought that they help control water balance
and sodium regulation.
orpuscles of Stannius These are found in the kidneys. Thecorpuscles are lobulated and are highly
vascularized.
Secretions produced are involved with properosmoregulation.
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Regulasi Neurohormonal pada testisRegulasi Neurohormonal pada testis
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Induced ovulation & spermiation
Neuroendocrine control of female reproduction
Hypothalamus
CNS
Pituitary
Ovary
Spawningbehavior
Anti-estrogens/dopamine agonists
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropin (GTH)
Vitellogenesis
Final oocyte maturation
Hydration & Ovulation
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Male Hormonal ontrol
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
GnRH
LH FSH
SertoliCells
LeydigCells
Testes
Testosterone
Inhibin
Formation and Development of Sperm
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Female Hormonal Control
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
GnRH
LH FSH
Ovary
Estrogen
Progesterone,estrogens
follicle growth, vittelogenesisoocyte maturation, ovulation
Rising estrogen
stimulates surgein LH
Corpus luteumForms, recovery