A FAMILIAR THEME – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTA FAMILIAR THEME – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

New York’s Erie CanalNew York’s Erie Canal 350 miles 350 miles 88 locks 88 locks

Paid for itself in 7 years.Paid for itself in 7 years. linked New York City linked New York City (eventually) with New (eventually) with New

Orleans. Orleans.

New York’s Tech ValleyNew York’s Tech Valley Companies pursuing high

technology-related endeavors can have a "living laboratory" in which to apply their

learning.

18251825 2000’s2000’s

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME: States RightsA FAMILIAR THEME: States Rights

In 1798 to counter a growing “threat” against government, the Federalists pushed four measure known as the Alien and Sedition Acts through Congress.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond the powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal government

In 1828: Congress passes In 1828: Congress passes Tariff of Tariff of AbominationsAbominations $45.00 tax on $45.00 tax on imports. Southern Congressmen imports. Southern Congressmen claim the Tariff favors the claim the Tariff favors the manufacturing Northmanufacturing North

John C.Calhoun issues the South Carolina Exposition declaring Tariff of 1832 “null and void”

                           

Influence of the 3Influence of the 3rdrd Party Party CandidateCandidate

The People’s Party(Populists) 1892

The Progressive

“Bull Moose” Party 1912A Third Party Platform often provides an outlet for

protesting politics by focusing on extreme solutions to controversial problems

                           

LOOSE INTERPRETION OF LOOSE INTERPRETION OF THE CONSTITUION THE CONSTITUION

As President Washington’s Sect. Of Treasury Hamilton

uses the “necessary and proper” clause (elastic) when establishing the first national

bank

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

As President Jefferson loosely interprets his

treaty making powers to purchase Louisiana from

France for 15 million

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

17911791 18031803

WARTIME CONSITUTIONAL ISSUES

Alien and Sedition Acts 1798

  

Alien Acts, 1917

Palmer Raids, 1919

 

Smith Act 1940 and Japanese Internment

McCarthyism 1950’s

The Patriot Act and the response to the Terrorists Attacks, 2001

   

                           

American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing opinions damaging to the government; President could deport violatorsTARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants, French and British radicals), and members of the Democratic – Republicans RESULTS: Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors, publishers, and politicians

Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917Acts 1917

A person could be fined up to $10,000/20 years in prison if they interfered with the draft, obstructed the sale of bonds, or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the war effort

RESULTS:6,000 arrests for loosely defined anti-war activities (1,500 convictions)

House of Reps refused to seat a Socialists Congressman critical of the war

Supreme Court hears Schenck v. U.S case in 1917

The Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith

Act)

The act, which made it an offense to advocate or belong to a group that advocated the violent overthrow of the government.

was the basis of later prosecutions of members of the Communist and Socialist Workers parties.

WAR TIME CONSTITUIONAL ISSUES

                           

Horrible condition endured by African slaves during the middle passage 1660’s

Horrible condition endured by Chinese immigrant railroad workers in the 1860’s

HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES: A FAMILIAR THEME?HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES: A FAMILIAR THEME?

                           

Transcontinental RRTranscontinental RR

1860’sThe Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

19001900Manifest Destiny - Western migration and settlement fueled the desire for quicker transportation. A transcontinental RR was completed in 1869 connected both coasts

ImperialismImperialism on the world satge The Spanish American War necessitated the need to make the US a two sea navy

Transportation Innovation – A Familiar Theme?

                           

WOMEN in AMERICAN HISTORYWOMEN in AMERICAN HISTORY

Abigail Adams 17761776 Esther Hill 18761876

Women’s duties in Women’s duties in Colonial America: Colonial America:

Cooking, gardening, washing, cleaning, weaving cloth, and

sewing. Supported one another by helping with childbirth and

sharing equipment and tools.

Women’s duties on Women’s duties on the Great Plains:the Great Plains:

Plowing, planting, harvesting crops; milked cows, skimmed

cream, churned butter, and made cheese; sheered sheep, carded

wool, and sewed or knit clothes made soap, candles; milled grain, baked bread, cooked meals, canned fruits, and

vegetables

                           

Transcontinental RRTranscontinental RR

1860’sThe Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

19001900

Manifest Destiny - Western migration and settlement fueled the

desire for quicker transportation. A

transcontinental RR was completed in 1869 connected both coasts

ImperialismImperialism on the world stage The

Spanish American War necessitated the need to make the US a two sea

navy

Transportation Innovation – A Familiar Theme?

Interstate SystemInterstate System19561956

                           

Gravilo PrincipGravilo PrincipSerbia (1914)Serbia (1914)

Emilio AquinaldoEmilio AquinaldoPhilippines (1899-1901)Philippines (1899-1901)

The BoxersThe BoxersChina, 1900China, 1900

A member of the Serbian Nationalist group the Black Hand, assassinatedassassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, igniting World War I

Fought with U.S. in war against Spain (1898) lead Filipino insurrectioninsurrection against U.S. occupation 1899-1901

Chinese secret society that revolted revolted to drive out “foreign devils”

Responses to Imperialism – A Familiar Theme?

Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

1786-17871786-1787Massachusetts farmers were upset their property was being seized for failure to pay taxes.

Daniel Shay’s lead angry mob during take over of local arsenal

Volunteer militia force stops rebellion

17941794Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey.

Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers

President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

17941794Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey.

Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers

President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion

Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion

                           

Jose MartiJose MartiCuba (1895)Cuba (1895)

Emilio AquinaldoEmilio AquinaldoPhilippines (1899-1901)Philippines (1899-1901)

The BoxersThe BoxersChina, 1900China, 1900

Exiled Cuban Poet and journalist organized resistance resistance against Spain using guerrilla tactics; Opposed U.S. occupation of Cuba

Fought with U.S. in war against Spain (1898) lead Filipino insurrectioninsurrection against U.S. occupation 1899-1901

Chinese secret society that revolted revolted to drive out “foreign devils”

Responses to Imperialism – A Familiar Theme?

REACTIONS TO IMPERIALISM and COLONIZATIONREACTIONS TO IMPERIALISM and COLONIZATION

ACTS of AGRESSION LEAD to WARACTS of AGRESSION LEAD to WAR

Remember the Maine!Remember the Maine!Feb 15Feb 15thth 18981898

The Spanish blow up the USS Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15th 1898. The US is eventually drawn into the

Spanish American War

18981898 19171917

The The LusitaniaLusitaniaMay 15May 15THTH 19171917

German U-boats sink the British luxury liner the Lusitania killing 128

Americans. This events brings the US one step closer

to war with Germany

Pearl HarborPearl HarborDec 7Dec 7thth 19411941

Japanese sneak attack on the US Naval base at

Pearl Harbor leads to a war declaration against

the empire of Japan

19411941

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME?A FAMILIAR THEME?

Henry Henry Johnson and Johnson and

the NY’s 369th the NY’s 369th Infantry;Infantry;“Harlem “Harlem

Hellfighters”Hellfighters”

The 54The 54thth Massachusetts Massachusetts inspiration for inspiration for

the film the film “GLORY”“GLORY”

The Civil War 1860-1865The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45World War II 1941-45

332nd 332nd Fighter Pilot Fighter Pilot Squadron; Squadron;

the the "Tuskegee "Tuskegee Airmen"Airmen"

                           

SEGREGATION TO INTEGRATIONSEGREGATION TO INTEGRATION

The Civil War 1860-1865The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45World War II 1941-45

President Harry Truman desegregated the US military in 1947. As a resulted we have had integrated fighting forces in every war since Korea

                           

World War I World War I Homefront Homefront World War II World War II HomefrontHomefront

Selective Service Act 1917 10 million men registered; 3 million served

War Industries Board (WIB)encourage mass production and efficiency; increased production 20%

Fuel Administration – monitored coal supplies, rationed gasoline and heating oil

Committee on Public Information

(CPI) propaganda agency that sells the war to the American people –paintings, posters, cartoons, and “four Minute Men”

Office of Price Administration (OPA) – set up rationing of essential goods for the military

War Production Board (WPB) converted companies to war time production; organized collection of scrap metals, irons, tin, paper, etc

Selective Service System 5 million volunteer; 10 million drafted

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) - enlisted scientists in the war effort.. A-Bomb, radar, sonar

Propaganda - Hollywood movies, musicals, plays, and Magazines (Life, Look, and Time) inform Americans about the war

MOBILIZING FOR WAR – A FAMILIAR THEME?MOBILIZING FOR WAR – A FAMILIAR THEME?

1917-1919 1941-1945

Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917Acts 1917

RESULTS:

Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors,

publishers, and politicians

Ben Franklin’s grandson thrown in jail.

RESULTS:6,000 arrests for loosely

defined anti-war activities (1,500 convictions)

House of Reps refused to seat a Socialists Congressman

critical of the war

Jefferson submits Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Supreme Court hears Schenck v. U.S case in 1917

REVIEW VIDEO

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME?A FAMILIAR THEME?

The Civil War 1860-1865The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45World War II 1941-45

Lincoln and Lincoln and the U.S. the U.S.

ConstitutionConstitution

Lincoln and the Civil War (1861-1865)– suspending writ of habeas corpus

Charles Schenck arrested Charles Schenck arrested for handing our pamphlets for handing our pamphlets protesting the draft protesting the draft Free Free speech issue -Clear and speech issue -Clear and present dangerpresent danger(Schenck vs. US)(Schenck vs. US)

Japanese Internment during WW II (1941-1945)

                           

The Dust BowlThe Dust BowlCausesCauses EffectsEffects

Trial of Tears, 1838 Japanese Internment, 1942Japanese Internment, 1942

                                                 

                                                                   

Forced removal or relocation on a minority for political, social, or

economic reasons

                           

The Dust BowlThe Dust BowlCausesCauses EffectsEffects

Homesteaders 1860’s Uprooted Farmers 1930’sUprooted Farmers 1930’s

Post Civil War land rush drew thousands of families west

search for free land and new opportunities

Unemployed farmers leave failed farms and the dust bowl

in search of work

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME?A FAMILIAR THEME?Treatment of AsiansTreatment of Asians

Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 closed the Act 1882 closed the

door to Chinese door to Chinese ImmigrantsImmigrants

Chinese Exclusion, 1882Chinese Exclusion, 1882

Japanese Internment, 1942Japanese Internment, 1942

Executive Order Executive Order #9066 establishes #9066 establishes relocation centers relocation centers

for for

                           

The RED SCAREThe RED SCARE FAMILIAR THEME? FAMILIAR THEME?

Italian anarchists put to Italian anarchists put to death in 1920 for robbing death in 1920 for robbing a payroll clerk in Boston a payroll clerk in Boston

McCarthyism 1950’sMcCarthyism 1950’sSacco and Venzetti, 1920’sSacco and Venzetti, 1920’s

                           

PARANoIA…. FAMILIAR THEME?PARANoIA…. FAMILIAR THEME?

Italian anarchists Italian anarchists put to death in 1920 put to death in 1920

for robbing for robbing

Sacco and Venzetti, 1920’sSacco and Venzetti, 1920’s The Rosenburgs, 1950’sThe Rosenburgs, 1950’s

Executed for selling Executed for selling Atomic secrets to Atomic secrets to

the Russians the Russians

Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917Acts 1917

American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing opinions

damaging to the government; President could deport

violators

A person could be fined up to $10,000/20 years in prison if they interfered with the draft, obstructed the sale of bonds, or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the war effort

TARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants,

French and British radicals), and members of the

Democratic - Republicans

TARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants,

German decendents, Russian radicals), and members of the

Socialist Party

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENTA FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENT

THE KOREAN CONFLICTTHE KOREAN CONFLICT

.

3838thth

ParallelParallel

June 25June 25thth 19501950

North Korean North Korean Communists Communists invade South invade South

KoreaKorea

U.S. supports the U.S. supports the SouthSouth

Vietnam Vietnam Divide at Divide at

1717thth ParallelParallelU.SU.S. .

ssupports the upports the SSouthouth

CONTAINMENT POLICY!!!!CONTAINMENT POLICY!!!!

June 25, 1950 communist June 25, 1950 communist North Korea invaded North Korea invaded South Korea. United South Korea. United

Nations troops drive back Nations troops drive back communist forces to the communist forces to the

3838thth parallel. An armistice parallel. An armistice was signed July 27, 1953 was signed July 27, 1953

Vietnam is split at the 17Vietnam is split at the 17thth parallel after WWII. US parallel after WWII. US commits forces work to commits forces work to

contain communist forces contain communist forces between 1961 and 1973. between 1961 and 1973. US troops withdraw in US troops withdraw in

19731973

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENTA FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENT

THE KOREAN CONFLICTTHE KOREAN CONFLICT

.

3838thth

ParallelParallel

June 25June 25thth 19501950

North Korean North Korean Communists Communists invade South invade South

KoreaKorea

U.S. supports the U.S. supports the SouthSouth

Vietnam Vietnam Divide at Divide at

1717thth ParallelParallelU.SU.S. .

ssupports the upports the SSouthouth

CONTAINMENT POLICY!!!!CONTAINMENT POLICY!!!!

June 25, 1950 communist June 25, 1950 communist North Korea invaded North Korea invaded South Korea. United South Korea. United

Nations troops drive back Nations troops drive back communist forces to the communist forces to the

3838thth parallel. An armistice parallel. An armistice was signed July 27, 1953 was signed July 27, 1953

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is approved by Congress on August 7 and authorizes President Lyndon Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." The resolution passes unanimously in the House, and by a margin of 82-2 in the Senate. The Resolution allows Johnson to wage all out war against North Vietnam without ever securing a formal Declaration of War from Congress.

                           

EXTENSION of VOTING RIGHTSEXTENSION of VOTING RIGHTS

                           

                           

PRESIDENTIAL DOMESTIC AGENDAS PRESIDENTIAL DOMESTIC AGENDAS

FDR’s Legislative agenda was designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform for a

nation crippled by the Great Depression

FDR and the New DealFDR and the New DealLBJ’s Legislative agenda was

designed to create a higher standard of living and an equal

opportunity that promoted a richer quality of life for every

American

Thomas Jefferson

1930’s1930’s

LBJ and The Great SocietyLBJ and The Great Society

1960’s1960’s

                           

IMPEACHMENT…A FAMILIAR THEME?IMPEACHMENT…A FAMILIAR THEME?

Impeachment proceedings were Impeachment proceedings were

brought against Andrew brought against Andrew Johnson Johnson for violating the 1867 for violating the 1867

Tenure of Office Act by Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary Edwin M. removing Secretary Edwin M.

Stanton from his position as the Stanton from his position as the head of the Department of War.head of the Department of War.

Impeachment proceedings Impeachment proceedings were brought against were brought against President Clinton for President Clinton for

willfully committing perjury willfully committing perjury by providing false and by providing false and

misleading testimony to the misleading testimony to the grand jury in relation to his grand jury in relation to his

relationship with an relationship with an employeeemployee

Bill Clinton, 1998Bill Clinton, 1998Andrew Johnson, 1867 Andrew Johnson, 1867