Download - Evolution of android operating system

Evolution of Android operating system Page No. 1

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With

a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as

smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android

Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear). The OS uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions,

like swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual keyboard.

Despite being primarily designed for touchscreen input, it also has been used in game consoles, digital cameras,

regular PCs (e.g. the HP Slate 21) and other electronics.

Android is the most widely used mobile OS and, as of 2013, the highest selling OS overall. Android devices sell

more than Windows, bios, and Mac OS X devices combined, with sales in 2012, 2013 and 2014 close to the

installed base of all PCs. As of July 2013 the Google Play store has had over 1 million Android apps published, and

over 50 billion apps downloaded. A developer survey conducted in April–May 2013 found that 71% of mobile

developers develop for Android. At Google I/O 2014, the company revealed that there were over 1 billion active

monthly Android users, up from 538 million in June 2013.

Android's source code is released by Google under open source licenses, although most Android devices ultimately

ship with a combination of open source and proprietary software. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google

backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open

Handset Alliance—a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to

advancing open standards for

Mobile devices.

Android is popular with

technology companies which

require a ready-made, low-

cost and customizable

operating system for high-

tech devices. Android's open

nature has encouraged a

large community of

developers and enthusiasts

to use the open-source code

as a foundation for

community-driven projects,

which add new features for

advanced users or bring


Android to devices which were officially, released running other operating systems. The operating system's success

has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.

Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich

Miner(co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed

design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's words, "smarter mobile devices that are more

aware of its owner's location and preferences". The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced

operating system for digital cameras, when it was realized that the market for the devices was not large enough, and

diverted their efforts to producing a smartphone operating system to rival those of Symbian and Windows Mobile.

Despite the past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing

only that it was working on software for mobile phones. That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a

close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in the company.

Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005; key employees of Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner, and

White, stayed at the company after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time, but many

assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move. At Google, the team led by

Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset

makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable system. Google had lined up a series of

hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of

cooperation on their part.

Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through

December 2006.An earlier prototype codenamed "Sooner" had a closer resemblance to a BlackBerry phone, with no

touchscreen, and a physical, QWERTY keyboard, but was later re-engineered to support a touchscreen, to compete

Eric Schmidt, Andy Rubin, and Hugo Barra at a press conference for the

Google's Nexus 7 tablet


with other announced devices such as the 2006 LG Prada and 2007 Apple iPhone. In September

2007, InformationWeek covered an E value serve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications

in the area of mobile telephony.

Eric Schmidt, Andy Rubin, and Hugo Barra at a press conference for the Google's Nexus 7 tablet

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including Google, device

manufacturers such as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset

makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile

devices. That day, Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux

kernel version 2.6.25.The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, released

on October 22, 2008.

In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices – a line of smartphones and tablets running the Android

operating system, and built by manufacturing partners. HTC collaborated with Google to release the first Nexus

smartphone, the Nexus One. Google has since updated the series with newer devices, such as the Nexus 5 phone

(made by LG) and the Nexus 7 tablet (made by Asus). Google releases the Nexus phones and tablets to act as

their flagship Android devices, demonstrating Android's latest software and hardware features. On March 13,

2013 Larry Page announced in a blog post that Andy Rubin had moved from the Android division to take on new

projects at Google. He was replaced by Sundar Pichai , who also continues his role as the head of Google's

Chrome division, which develops Chrome OS.

Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating system, adding

new features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is named in alphabetical order after a dessert

or sugary treat; for example, version 1.5 Cupcake was followed by 1.6 Donut. Version 4.4.4 KitKat appeared as a

security-only update; it was released on June 19, 2014, shortly after 4.4.3 was released. As of November 2014, the

newest version of the Android operating system, Android 5.0 "Lollipop", is available for selected devices.

From 2010 to 2013, Hugo Barra served as product spokesperson for the Android team, representing Android at both

press conferences and Google I/O, Google’s annual developer-focused conference. Barra’s product involvement

included the entire Android ecosystem of software and hardware, including Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly

Bean and KitKat operating system launches, the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 smartphones, the Nexus 7 and Nexus

10 tablets, and other related products such as Google Now and Google Voice Search, Google’s speech recognition

product comparable to Apple’s Siri. In 2013 Barra left the Android team for Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi.

Android Inc. was founded by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White

in Palo Alto, California in October 2003. It’s a Linux based open source mobile

Operating System. At first, it was designed for smart phones but later Google Inc. bought

Android at 2005. Then, Google Inc. unveiled Android Operating System in 2007.

Google releases all versions and codes of Android OS under Apace License. As it is open

source anybody can modify the codes of Android Operating System.


Android Operating System codes are written in a Java programming language customized

version.

Google Android versions are generally named after sugary products and those names are

kept in Alphabetical order. Let’s go through those in short:

Android OS 1.0, 1.1 Android version 1.0 release date was September 2008 and it was the first version which is

launched with the device ‘HTC Hero’. It had remarkable feedback from the users. In

February of 2009, the version 1.1 was released.

Android OS 1.5 - Cupcake Android version 1.5 release date was April 2009. For the first time an Android is given a

name which is Cupcake. Cupcake version brought the features of:

Text prediction

Video uploading

Wireless Music streaming

Android OS 1.1


Android OS 1.6 - Donut Android version 1.6 release date was September 2009. Donut version brought the

features of:

Integrated Google Maps

Solved OS reboot errors

Enhanced photo and video capabilities

Android OS 2.0 - Eclair Android version 2.0 release date was December 2009 and Android version 2.1 release

date was January 2010. Android version 1.6 release date was September 2009.

Android OS 1.5 - Cupcake

Android OS 1.6 - Donut


Eclair version brought the features of:

Bluetooth

Live Wallpapers

Multi Touch Support

Android OS 2.2 – Froyo Android version 2.2 release date was May 2010. Froyo version brought the features of:

OS speeded up more

HD Screen Resolutions

Wi-Fi hotspot facility

Adobe Flash 10.1

Android OS 2.0 - Eclair


Android OS 2.3 – Gingerbread Android version 2.3 release date was December 2010. Gingerbread version brought the

features of:

NFC capability

Multiple Camera

Facilities for sensors

6

Android OS 3.0 - Honeycomb Android version 3.0 release date was February 2011. Honeycomb version brought the

features of:

Facility of Loading Media File from SD memory card.

More control over User Interface ( UI )

Android OS 2.2 - Froyo 2Android OS 1.5 - Cupcake

Android OS 2.3 - Gingerbread


Android OS 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich Android version 4.0 release date was October 2010. Ice Cream Sandwich version brought

The features of:

Improved Contact menus, keyboard layout

Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new Roboto font family

Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones

Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style

Improved copy and paste functionality

Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software

Android OS 4.1 – Jelly Bean Android version 4.1 release date was July 2012. Jelly Bean version brought the features of:

Android OS 3.0 - Honeycomb

Android OS 4.0 - Ice Cream Sandwich


Smoother user interface:

User-installable keyboard maps

USB audio (for external sound DACs)

Enhanced accessibility

Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens

Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam

Android OS 4.4 – KitKat Android Kitkat 4.4 version release date October 31, 2013 .Kitkat version brought the features of:

Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue Wireless printing capability Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients

Native infrared blaster API

Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs

Browser text wrap is disabled

Expanded functionality for notification listener services

Android OS 4.1 - Jelly Bean


Android OS 5.0 – Lollipop Android OS 5.0 – Lollipop (developer preview) version release date was on June 26, 2014. Lollipop version brought

the features of:

Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing

Dalvik that uses just-in-time (JIT) compilation

Support for 64-bit CPUs Multiple user accounts

Guest accounts

Third-party apps can finally again Write data anywhere on external storage's, such as SD cards. OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations Better Camera performance

Refreshed notification system Over all added 5,000 new APIs

Android OS 4.4 – Kitkat

Android OS 5.0 – Lollipop


Google had a lot of news to share at its I/O developer’s conference today, but one of the coolest

things we saw was Android TV, a new platform for watching live television and interacting with apps

and other Google Play content on the biggest screen in your house. You won’t be able to try out

Android TV until later this year, but on the plus side that means there’s plenty of time to pore over all

the cool new features it has to offer.

Of course, there are tons of smart TV options out there today. Roku , Apple, Amazon and even

Google already sell small devices to make your HDTV smarter, and company’s including Samsung

and LG sell Smart TVs with their own software pre-installed. Android TV definitely has a lot of

competition, but it also has some killer features that should help distinguish it from the pack.

Android version 4.1 release date was July 2012. Jelly Bean version brought the features of:

Built-In Voice Search

Control It From Your Phone

HD and 4K Android TVs Coming Soon

Your Friends Can Stream Too

Mobile Games


Google had a lot of news to share at its I/O developer’s conference today, but one of the coolest

things we saw was Android TV, a new platform for watching live television and interacting with apps

and other Google Play content on the biggest screen in your house. You won’t be able to try out

Android TV until later this year, but on the plus side that means there’s plenty of time to pore over all

the cool new features it has to offer.

Of course, there are tons of smart TV options out there today. Roku , Apple, Amazon and even

Google already sell small devices to make your HDTV smarter, and company’s including Samsung

and LG sell Smart TVs with their own software pre-installed. Android TV definitely has a lot of

competition, but it also has some killer features that should help distinguish it from the pack.

Android version 4.1 release date was July 2012. Jelly Bean version brought the features of:

Just say “Ok Google”

Respond to texts, instant messages and emails by voice. Ask questions like "Will it rain this

weekend?" and get straight answers.

Reach fitness goals

Keep track of your fitness with daily summaries showing your step count and heart rate.*

Others

Android TV


Just say "Ok Google, call me a car" to order a Left to your location. See how long your wait is and the

model of the car on your watch and rate the driver with a couple of taps when you arrive.

Read your messages in a glance on your watch or reply by voice without taking out your phone.

Say "Ok Google, start a run" to track your run right from your wrist. You'll see your time, distance and

calories burned in a glance on your wrist, and you can pause or stop your activity with a quick tap, all

while your phone is tucked away in a pocket or bag.

For the road ahead

Android Auto was designed with safety in mind. With a simple and intuitive interface, integrated steering wheel

controls, and powerful new voice actions, it's designed to minimize distraction so you can stay focused on

the road.

What you need out on the road

Android Auto automatically brings you useful information, and organizes it into simple cards that

appear just when they're needed. Let Google Maps lead the way. It’s easy to get where you’re going

with free voice-guided navigation, live traffic information, lane guidance, and more.

Android OS -Ware


Let Google Maps lead the way. It’s easy to get where you’re going with free voice-guided navigation,

live traffic information, lane guidance, and more.

Your favorite tunes—to go. Access and stream your favorite music with apps like Google Play Music,

Pandora, and Specify.

Just say the word—Best-in-class speech technology makes controlling everything with your voice fast

and easy.

Driven by Android

Connect your phone to access all of your music, contacts, and messages while keeping your eyes on the road.

Android Auto coming Soon…

“ Android device activation numbers reach 1 billion worldwide ". Phandroid.com. September 3, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.

" A History of Android Codenames ". Android Police. September 17, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2013.

“ Dianne Hackborn ”. Google+. September 1, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

Android -Auto


Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform". Google Operating System. November 5, 2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

Last Accessed: December 05, 2014

https://www.android.com/

Last Accessed: December 2013

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html

Last Accessed: July 10, 2014

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html

Download - Evolution of android operating system

Top Related