Europe

Classical Period: Politics

• Greeceo city-stateso aristocracieso direct democracieso Alexander the Great

Hellenism

• Romeo republic

dictatorship in times of crisis

o senateo Julius Caesaro Augustus Caesaro Constantine

Classical Period: Economy

• Greeceo agriculturalo traded wine and

grain o traded for Asian

spices and arto slaveryo sea trade

• Romeo agriculture in Africao traded for Asian

spices and arto slaveryo roads for trade

Classical Period: Religion

• polytheistic

• secular

• Constantine; Christianity in Rome

Classical Period: Culture

• Greeceo scholars believed in

human goodnesso art and literature

based on religiono little scientific

innovation; many theories

o Aristotle, Socrates, Plato

• Romeo engineering

aqueducts and roads

o large architectural structures domes

Classical Period: Interactions

• trade with India, China, and Middle East

• Punic Wars between Rome and the Phoenicians

• Alexander the Great’s empire

• Roman empire

Classical Period: Comparisons

Rome

republic

slavery

Han China

bureaucracy

no slavery

Both

foreign invasions

large empires

patriarchal

Classical Period: Continuities

• slavery

• city states (Greece)

• polytheism (Greece)

Classical Period: Changes

• republic to Empire (Rome)

• Christianity (Rome)

• increase in power of the emperor (Rome)

Postclassical Period: Politics

• Byzantineso Justinian

unified law codeo autocratic

• Holy Roman Empireo feudalismo Charles Martelo Charlemagneo crusades

Postclassical Period: Economy

• Byzantineso commercial center of

Europeo traded grain and silk

• Holy Roman Empireo manorialsimo little trade

Postclassical Period: Religion

• Byzantineso Orthdox Christianityo Great Schismo emperor is head of

church

• Holy Roman Empireo Catholicismo religion very importanto Great Schismo pope is head of church

Postclassical Period: Culture

• Byzantineso Hagia Sophiao Greek language

• Holy Roman Empireo poor living conditionso technologically

backwardo large differences

between nobility and peasants

Postclassical Period: Interactions

• Crusades

• trade with India, Africa, Arabs (Byzantines)

Postclassical Period: Comparisons

W. Europe

little trade

Christianity

Arabs

trade hub

Islam

Both

crusades

monotheistic

Postclassical Period: Continuities

• Feudalism

• technologically backward

• Catholicism

• Slavery

Postclassical Period: Changes

• Orthodox Christianity

• Muslim influence

Early Modern Period: Politics

• Enlightenment

• Constitutional Monarchy (Britain)

• Absolute Monarchy

• Feudalism

• colonization

Early Modern Period: Economy

• Mercantilism

• trading companies

• large amounts of gold and silver from colonizations

• large difference in wealth between western and southeastern Europe

Early Modern Period: Religion

• Protestant revolutiono Lutheranism, Anglican church, Calvinism

• Martin Luther, Henry VIII, Jean Calvin

• north became protestant; south remained Catholic

• English Civil War

Early Modern Period: Culture

• massive population increase

• scientific revolution

• movable type

• humanism

• neoclassicism

• European-style family - late marriage age, emphasis on families of parents and children

Early Modern Period: Interactions

• colonizationo N. America, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India,

coasts of Africa

• Battle of Lepanto

• trade with India

Early Modern Period: Comparisons

W. Europe

mercantilism

open to trade

China

regulated market

unopen to trade

Both

advanced sea travel

Early Modern Period: Continuities

• Feudalism

• Slavery

Early Modern Period: Changes

• Enlightenment

• Scientific Revolution

• Reformation

• Mercantilism

Industrial Period: Politics

• French Revolutiono start of end of Feudalism

• 1848 revolutions

• Imperialism

• Liberals, Conservatives, Radicals

• Napoleon, Robespierre

• Congress of Vienna

• Crimean War

Industrial Period: Economy

• Industrial Revolution

• Capitalism

• Proletariat class

• bourgeois

• early Socialism

Industrial Period: Religion

• Protestantism

• Catholicism

• Russian Orthodox

• Sunni Islam (Ottoman Empire)

• religion loses importance

Industrial Period: Culture

• poor living conditions

• romanticism in art

• realism in art (due to industrial revolution)

• abolishment of slavery

Industrial Period: Interactions

• trade with Africa, N. America, China, India

• Imperialism

Industrial Period: Comparisons

W. Europe

constitutional monarchy

industrial

Russia

feudalism

autocracy

agricultural

Both

protestant religion

patriarchal

Industrial Period: Continuities

• autocracy in Russia

• expansion

Industrial Period: Changes

• capitalism

• end of Feudalism

• abolishment of slavery

Modern Period: Politics

• World War I & II

• Cold War

• Fascism

• Liberal Democracy

• end of Imperialism

Modern Period: Economy

• Great Depressiono high unemployment and economic decline

• Communism in Russia

Modern Period: Religion

• Protestantism

• Catholicism

• Russian Orthodox

Modern Period: Culture

• poor living conditions

• women’s rights

• large advances in technology

• and science

Modern Period: Interactions

• World War I & II

• trade with most of the world o N. America, China, etc

Modern Period: Comparisons

W. Europe

capitalism

liberal democracy

Russia

communism

autocracy

Both

WW I & II

Modern Period: Continuities

• technological and scientific advancement

• autocracy in Russia

Modern Period: Changes

• liberal democracy

• end of imperialism

• women’s rights