Download - ENERGY CONSERVATION &CLIMATE CHANGES
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By
Vinod & Samba
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ENERGY:a thermodynamic quantityequivalent to thecapacity of a physical
system to do work
CONSERVATION:an occurrence ofimprovement by a virtueof preventing loss or
injury or other change
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Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
Renewable energycan be generatedcontinuously
practically withoutdecay of source.
E.g.- Solar Energy.
Wind Energy. Geothermal Energy. Hydro Energy.
Non RenewableNon RenewableEnergyEnerg
y Non renewable
energy cannot be
generated again andagain
e.g. energygenerated fromcombustion of fossilfuels, energy fromcoal and gas etc..
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Oil Biomass Gas Coal Nuclear Renewables
Primary Energy
Liquids
Direct combustion
Industry and
Manufacturing
Mobility
Final Energy
Consumer
Choices
Energy
Energy
Energy
Buildings
Power
Generation
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We have limited fuelsavailable on earth.
Our demand for energyis increasing day-by-day.
It is possible thatsomeday, most of fuelswill be exhausted, andwe will have to switchover to alternate
energy.
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How toHow toConserveConserveEnergyEnerg
y If you own your own home, consider
installing insulation or investing in asolar hot water heater.
If you need to use air conditioning,avoid turning the thermostat on to very
cold settings. When the system worksharder, it uses significantly more
energy.
Buy green power. Most energysuppliers give you the option ofsourcing a proportion of your energyfrom renewable sources.
Check the star ratings on appliances. You will save money as well as energy.
Simple Tips toSimp
le Tips toConserveConserveEnergyEnerg
y switch off fridges that are not in
use turn off power points at the
source use cold water in the washing
machine turn off lights when not in use
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..also
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Global climate is swiftly changing,with poorly known consequencesfor biodiversity and human wellbeing.
In the last 90 years Earths mean
temperature rose 0.6 , a rate of
increase that has not been seen in10,000 years.
To facilitate reaching a globalscientific consensus, theIntergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) wasformed, whose third AssessmentReport (IPCC 2001a) proposed theglobal rises in mean yearlytemperature of the past 50 yearswere primarily due to global risesin anthropogenically produced
greenhouse gases.8
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Changes in: Suns output Earths orbit
Drifting continents
Volcanic eruptions
Greenhouse gases
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Scientists have a goodScientists have a good
understanding of what hasunderstanding of what has
changed earths climate in thechanged earths climate in the
past:past:
Incoming solar radiation is the main climate driver. Itsenergy output increased about 0.1% from 1750 to 1950,increasing temperatures by 0.2F (0.1C) in the first part of
the 20th
century. But since 1979, when we began takingmeasurements from space, the data show no long-termchange in total solar energy, even though Earth has beenwarming.
Repetitive cycles in Earths orbit that occur over tens of
thousands of years can influence the angle and timing ofsunlight.
In the distant past, drifting continents make a bigdifference in climate over millions of years by changing icecaps at the poles and by altering ocean currents, which
transport heat and cold throughout the ocean depths.
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Extinctions:To date, there have beenonly two extinctionsdirectly attributable toclimate change, thegolden toad and
harlequin frog in CostaRicaThe abundance ofzooplankton(microscopic animalsand immature stages ofmany species) hasdeclined by 80% off theCalifornia coast.
This decline has beenrelated to thegradual warming ofsea surfacetemperature.
ANIMALS IN DANGER DUETO CLIMATIC CHANGES
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Arctic sea ice melting faster than predicted. Fossil fuel emissions exceeded most IPCC
projections. Are assumptions about global energy use are too
optimistic?
How quickly can developing countries reduce
GHG emissions? Calculations dont include unexpected melting
in Greenland and Antarctica.
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Sea-level rise projections : a few inches to a few feet
2 ft: U.S. would lose 10,000 square miles3 ft: Would inundate MiamiAffects erosion, loss of wetlands, freshwater
supplies
Half of the worlds population lives along coastsBig question: Ice sheets
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1. Produce more fuel-efficient vehicle
2. Reduce vehicle use3. Improve energy-efficiency in
buildings
4. Develop carbon capture andstorage processes
5. Triple nuclear power6. Increase solar power
7. Decrease deforestation/plantforests
8. Improve soil carbon managementstrategies
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Climate change policy differs a great deal fromother environmental issues because of its globalscale and because of its implications for wide-reaching economic adjustments.
The Montreal protocol sought to limit theproduction of industrial chemicals that destroystratospheric ozone.
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Warming of the climate system is unequivocal
Very high confidence that global average net effect of human activities since1750 one of warming
Human-caused warming over last 30 years has likely had a visible influence
on many physical and biological systems
Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further
warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the
21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during
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We should discuss energy conservation with ourfriends and tell others how can we reduce energyconsumption,climatic changes.