Principles of design

emphAsis

For a form or space to be

expressed as being important or

significant to an composition, it

must be made uniquely visible. i.e.

emphasized.

Visual emphasis can be achieved

through

• Contrast

• Isolation

• Placement

• Absence of a focal

point

• Repetition

isolation

contrast

Placement

Absence of focal point

Repetition

Emphasis in architecture can

be achieved through

• exceptional size

• a unique shape

• a strategic location

exceptional size

Unique shape

Strategic location

Balance is a simple visual concept that relates to our

experience of physical balance.

Types of balance

Axial symmetrical balance.

Biaxial symmetrical balance

Radial balance

Asymmetrical balance

Axial symmetrical balanceArranging visually equal elements on both sides

of a single axis

Biaxial symmetrical balance

Arranging visually equal elements in each of the four quadrants created by a pair of crossed axes

Radial balanceArranging visually equal elements at an equal distance

from a center point and spaced at an equal distance apart from one another

Asymmetrical balance

Arranging visually un equal elements around a point such that their visual weight of each element multiplied times their distance from the point of balance all equal one another

Balance in architecture

RHYTHM IN DESIGN

• Rhythm is the repetition or alternation of elements, often with defined intervals between them.Rhythm can create a sense of movement, and can establish pattern and texture.

KINDS OF RHYTHM

Regular

A regular rhythm occurs when the intervals between the elements,and often the elements themselves, are similar in size or length

Flowing

A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement, and is often more organic in nature

Progressive

A progressive rhythm shows a sequence of forms through a progression of steps

RHYTHM IN ARCHITECTURE

REPETITION OF DIFFERENCES

IN THIS RHYTHMICAL SERIES, THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING PROGRESSIONS ARE BUILT UP FROM SMALL TO LARGE AND TO SMALL AGAIN.

REPETITION OF LINES

VARIATIONS OF LINEAR LENGTHS OF CURVATURES.

REPETITION OF DIMENSIONS

SUCH AS THE DIMENSIONS BETWEEN SUPPORTS AND BAY SPACING.

REPETITION OF SHAPES

REPETITION OF CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS.

REPETITION

REPETITION is the use of similar

or connected pictorial elements.

For example, similar shapes, colors

or lines that are used more

than once

regular or irregular and even or

uneven.

in the form of RADIATION

where the repeated elements spread

out from a central point.

in the form of GRADATION

where the repeated elements slowly

become smaller or larger.

REPETITION CAN BE

REGULAR REPETITION

+REGULAR REPETITION

IRREGULAR REPETITION

IN THE FORM OF RADIATION

REPITION THROUGH

GRADIATION

REPITION THROUGH GRADIATIONREPITION THROUGH

GRADIATION

REPETITION TROUGH

GRADIATION

REPETITION IN

ARCHITECTURE

IRREGULAR REPETITION

REGULAR REPETITION

RADIAl REPETITION