GROUP MEMBERS:Audra-Jade Morrison

Bevon ForbesRyan McPherson

Florida International UniversityLogistics Engineering EIN 5346

Several denotations for ERLEmergency Relief/Aid LogisticsEmergency Management LogisticsHumanitarian Relief/Aid LogisticsDisaster Relief/Aid Logistics

Definition of ERLEmergency relief logistics is the processes and systems involved in mobilizing people, resources, skills and knowledge, to help vulnerable people affected by disaster.

Definition of DisasterDisaster is defined as a crisis situation causing wide spread damage which far exceeds our ability to recover.

Classification•Man-made•Natural

Table showing classification of disasters

Source: Wassenhove, Van L.N (2006). “Blackett Memorial Lecture - Humanitarian Aid Logistics: Supply Chain Management in Higher Gear”. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2006) 57, 475-489. Fontainebleau, France.

Number of Disasters 1970-2008 •Of 311, catastrophic events in 2008, 137 were natural and 174 were man-made•Most of 240,500 people who died of catastrophes in 2008 are from Asia

Source: Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd. “Natural Catastrophes and Man-made Disasters in 2008”, Nov 2, 2009.

Source: http://www.scl.gatech.edu/research/humanitarian/GTHHL-Intro_to_humanitarian_logistics.pdf

Three phases in the disaster management cycle:

Emergency logistics requires:

Delivery of the appropriate supplies in good condition, when and where they are needed.

A wide range of transport.

Limited, rapid, and specific deliveries from outside the area.

A system of prioritizing various relief inputs.

Storing, staging, and moving bulk commodities.

Moving people

Coordination and prioritization of the use of limited and shared transport assets.

Possible military involvement in logistics support

Acquiring equipment Stockpiling supplies Designating emergency

facilities Establishing training

facilities Establishing mutual aid

agreements Preparing a resource

inventory

Providing utility maps to emergency responders

Providing material safety data sheets to employees

Moving backup equipment in place

Arranging for medical support, food and transportation

Arranging for shelter facilities

Providing for backup power Providing for backup

communications

During an emergency logistics may entail

Characteristics of ERL Supply Chain:

“The ultimate humanitarian supply chain management has to be able to respond to multiple interventions often on a global

scale , as quickly as possible and within a short time frame. Therefore supply chains need to be multiple, global, dynamic and

temporary.”

Source: Wassenhove, Van L.N (2006). “Blackett Memorial Lecture - Humanitarian Aid Logistics: Supply Chain Management in Higher Gear”. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2006) 57, 475-489. Fontainebleau, France.

Donors and Suppliers

Recipient Agency

Delivering Agency

People in Need

•Government•Companies•Foundations

•Government•NGO’s -Red Cross - World Vision •Government

agencies•Military•Global and local NGO’s•Local organizations

Stakeholders in the ERL supply chain:

Source:

Decentralized supply chain

Source: Gatignon, A., Wassenhove, van L.N., Charles, A. (2010). The Yogyakarta earthquake: Humanitarian relief through IFRC’s decentralized supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics.

•Pre-positioning and pooling of relief items

•Quicker response during the emergency phase

•Cheaper than the centralized model

The IFRC selected three locations for RLUs:

•Dubai - Europe, the Middle East, and Africa,•Kuala Lumpur -Asia and Australia,•Panama - Americas

Example IFRC decentralized supply chain

Provide various mobile support for on-site management of response activities. Three broad categories:operational support elementscommunications equipment and operatorslogistics support

U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) transportation fore-casting simulation tool also applied to emergency relief operations

Simulation of movements to eliminate bottlenecks and increase resources where needed.

Can be used in all three phases of the relief process:Mitigation -integrated with GIS can be used as inputs to logistic planning for response scenarios, evacuation routes planning and public education programsResponse – help to identify routes that have become impassable.Recovery - used to carry out needs assessment by identifying the number, location and extent of damaged infrastructure in the recovery phase.

Source:  EU/UN/The World Bank (2010) http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/site_images/hi-res_10490.jpg

Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM)-Jamaica

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) –United States of America

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and its affiliate bodies - International

United Nations (UN) and its affiliated bodies - International

ODPEM- JamaicaThe only government agency to provide disaster management

functions in Jamaica. Its operations are designed towards primarily:

National preparedness

Collaboration with other agencies and bodies to encourage and support disaster preparedness and mitigation measures

Providing early warning, emergency response, relief and recovery operations in emergency situations.

Providing training in all areas of disaster management.

ODPEM has five divisions. The Preparedness and Emergency Operations Division (PEOD) in particular has responsibility for preparedness and emergency response and recovery . It has three units:

Preparedness and emergency operations

Logistics

Telecommunications

ODPEM Preparedness and emergency operations unit – Country is divided into 4 regions for preparedness and response. Each is assigned Regional Coordinators.

ODPEM Logistics unit - Some of the activities of the Unit include:

The adequate provision of relief supplies in the National Emergency Stores.

Under the Caribbean Disaster Emergency ResponseAgency (CDERA) warehousing facilities is provided for other territories.

The allocation and management of funds for relief operations

The inventory of basic comfort items

Meet needs of other relevant relief agencies during an emergency.

ODPEM Logistics unit con’t: Maintains contact with the ports of entry

The monitoring of three regional stores in the parishes of St. James, St. Mary and Manchester.

ODPEM Telecommunications unit – monitors the radio station based at ODPEM:

Communicates with Parish Disaster Committees island wide via a VHF Radio Network.

Monitors wind speed and collects rainfall data in the corporate area via a weather station.

Communicates with international agencies via a two-way tower antennae that links the ODPEM station to overseas agencies.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) –responsible for coordinating response to a disaster that has

occurred in the United States that overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities.

Operation Process:County/City

State

FederalPresidential Declaration Federal Response PlanFunds ($)

County ResourcesCounty Resources

State ResourcesState Resources

Source: U.S. Military Engineering Corp ppt presentation

FEMA - Emergency Support Functions or ESF’s 12 functions plus Military Support:

COMMUNICATIONS

PUBLIC WORKS &ENGINEERING

FIREFIGHTING

INFORMATION

MASS CARE

RESOURCE SUPPORT

MEDICAL

SEARCH & RESCUE

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

FOOD

ENERGY

MILITARY SUPPORT

TRANSPORTATION Dept of transportationNational communications systemU.S. army corps of engineers

Dept of agricultureFederal emergency management agencyAmerican red crossGeneral services administrationDept health and human servicesFederal emergency management agencyEnvironmental protection agencyDept of agricultureDept of energyDept of defense

123

456789101112

Source: U.S. Military Engineering Corp ppt presentation

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies – International

Largest humanitarian organization There are 186 National Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesCoordinates and directs international assistance to disaster victims.97 million volunteers ,300,000 employees, who provide assistance to some 233 million beneficiaries each year .

United Nations (UN) – International

United Nations Joint Logistics Centre (UNJLC) is normally responsible for coordinating logistics in a humanitarian operation. Its activities include:•Assess inter-agency logistics co-ordination in on-going emergencies.

•Information Management (IM)

•Maintaining a generic website www.unjlc.org which includes facilities for operational specific applications.

•Development and maintaining reporting formats, GIS, mapping facilities

•Working with WFP, OCHA and WHO/PAHO in assessing agency commodity tracking systems and identifying how these systems could best interface ;

Source: http://www.unjlc.org/tools/FOM/04a.htm

UN Agency Responsibilities :

Demand analysisInventory planning and controlRegional coordination and synergiesIn-kind donations managementCollaboration among organizationsConstant communicationSocio-economic impact assessmentUnderstanding regional political, economic and

socioeconomic conditionsUtilizing local capacity and capabilitiesHumanitarian operation evaluation

Emergency relief exercises are usually executed in complex environments due to:

Dependence on voluntary contributions

Involvement of many stakeholders

High levels of uncertainty (demand, supplies, assessment)

Unsolicited donations

Degraded infrastructure and no established logistics community

Delivery constraints due to Government or military involvement

Politically unstable environment

In ERL time value is more important than transportation value.

Inventory management in relief operations is unique in that the time value of the commodities are much greater than the inventory carrying costs.

.

Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/31881727/HUMANITARIAN-RELIEF-CHAINS

January 12, 2010 A magnitude 7 earthquake –the biggest to hit Haiti for 200 years and according to some organizations one of the most complex relief operations in recent memory.The Damage:as many as 200,000 people dead up to a million homeless.The Relief Effort:Red Cross: 2000 Haitian Red Cross volunteers among first responders - 1-week 400 international Red Cross and Red Crescent workers deployed. - 1-month 600 deployed. - 30 National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies including, a strong regional presence. - They set up emergency hospitals, got basic health care functioning, and by month’s end were treating 1,600 patients a day; Relief supplies had been delivered to more than 122,000 people; 14 million litres of water provided, and 70 relief flights had landed in Haiti or the neighbouring Dominican Republic

Source: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, (2010). “Haiti from tragedy to opportunity: Special Report, One Month on”.

The Relief Effort

Source: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Cross Societies

The Logistics Challenges Haiti has no army Port-au-Prince lost almost all

Communications during the earthquake

The earthquake struck the capital city

Lack of Government coordination Population concentration in

immediate disaster area Airport damage - one working

runway Roads and Ports - Haiti has only one

port. Overwhelming and uncoordinated

international donations

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1712488-why-haiti-is-a-logistical-nightmare-for-earthquake-relief-efforts

Source: http://soldiersangelsgermany.blogspot.com/2010/01/afsoc-combat-controllers-direct-800.html

Source: http://www.zoriah.net/blog/2010/02/haiti-earthquake-before-and-after-pictures.html

Logistics is critical in Emergency ManagementTakes place in complex environment due to high

uncertaintyPreparedness and Pre-planning is criticalDecentralized supply chain is more efficient than

centralized supply chain in ERLNot all the principles in commercial logistics can be

transferred to ERL