EALC 250 Midterm REVIEW Fall 11(Foreign terms; make sure to also know all major concepts discussed in lecture and readings, along with the contents of the notes for films)

Jōmon – Period (1400 BC to 300 BC), pottery

Yayoi – (300 BC to 300 AD), new pottery styles developed, start of intensive rice agriculture

Ainu – mix of Russian and Japanese people

Himiko— Shamaness Queen (noted for ability to communicate w/spirits, unified many kingdoms)

Kofun – burial mounds

Yamato—refers to both Yamato plains and Yamato kings (assoc, with medieval Japan)

Ise – location of Ise Shrine

Miwa – mountain; was actually a kami

Shōtoku – Prince that lead the Buddhist reformation in a way

Tenmu – important early tenno/ soverign; sets up many things

Kojiki – 712 AD; early mythohistory of court; trying to argue Yamaro lineage as the rightful rulers of Japan by divine right?

Nihon shoki – the 2nd oldest book of classical Japanese history

Kami – spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith

Kokka shintō -- the branch of Shinto recognized as the official state religion of Japan.

Shintō – indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people

Izanagi/Izanami – involved in the creation story of Japan

Amaterasu – sun goddess

Kanji – adopted Chinese characters used and integrated into Japanese language

Onyomi – Chinese reading of Kanji

Kunyomi -- Japanese reading of Kanji

Hiragana – normal Japanese writing

Katakana – used for foreign word sounds

Heian-kyō – one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto

Kanbun -- ?

Onnade – woman’s hand (form of hiragana?)

Tendai – School of Buddhism (focus on Lotus Sutra)

Amida – Pureland Buddha

Genji monogatari – tale of genji

Murasaki Shikibu – Japanese novelist, poet, and lady-in-waiting during the Heian period

Miyabi – ideal of Heian Court (elegance) Yūgao – Chapter in Tale of Genji about a woman Genji meets of lower status; she dies

Bushi – another word for samurai

Samurai -- warriors

Taira – major Japanese clan of samurai during Heian period (794-1185)

Minamoto – one of 2 major samurai families that developed over the Heian period

Kansai – southern central region of Japan

Kantō – kanto plains of japan

Taira no Kiyomori – general of the late Heian period, established the first samurai dominated administrative government in the history of japan

Minamoto no Yoshitsune – general of the minamoto clan in late Heian and early kamakura period; 9th son of yoshitomo; younger brother of Yoritomo; probably the greatest and the most popular warrior of his era

Minamoto no Yoritomo – founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of japan, (ruled from 1192 until 1199)

Kamakura – 1185 to 1333; period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the kamakura shogunate, ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short reeastablishment of imperial rule under emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji, Nitta Yoshisada, and Kusunoki Masashige

Shōgun – rules military government

Ashikaga – Family Ruled in Muromachi period

Muromachi – 1336 to 1573, governace of muromachi or ashikaga shogunate

Heike – another name for the Taira clan

Waka – Japanese poem

Nō – major form of classical Japanese Musical Drama that as been performed since the 14th century;

Kyōgen – form of traditional Japanese comic theater; developed alongside No as a sort of intermission

Zen – form of Buddhism that emphasizes wisdom

Mappō – also known as The Latter Day of the Law; the degenerate Third age of Buddhism

Momoyama -- ?

Oda Nobunaga (b.1534-d.1582); the initator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century; also was a major daimyo during the sengoku period of Japanese history; unification completed by his successors Hideyoshi and Ieyasu

Toyotomi Hideyoshi – daimyo warrior, general, and politician of the Sengoku period.

Tokugawa Ieyasu – founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of japan

Kanō – school of painting?

Nanban – refers to the trade that was done with the first Europeans (portugese) in 1543

Tokugawa – powerful daimyo family of Japan

Daimyō – powerful territorial lords.

Burakumin – Japanese social minority group

Shimabara --?

Amakusa Shirō – teenage leader of the Shimabara Rebellion

Danka – family affiliated with a Buddhist temple in Japan

Butsudan – Buddhist shrine commonly found in temples and homes

O’bon – Day of the Dead

O’hakamairi – visiting the grave of a loved one

Edo – former name of Tokyo

Saikaku – Japanese Poet and creator of the ‘floating world’ genre of Japanese prose (ukiyo-zoshi) (b.1642-d.1693)

Genroku – era after Jokyo and before Hoei, (September 1688 to March 1704)

Haiku – Japanese poetry; 5,7,5 syllable; 17 syllables total

Kabuki – classical Japanese dance-drama

Bunraku –form of traditional Japanese puppet theater founded in Osaka in 1684

Chikamatsu – wrote plays (famous playwright)

Ukiyo-e – genre of Japanese woodblock prints and paintings produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries, featuring motifs of landscapes, tales from history, the theatre, and pleasure quarters

Ogata Kōrin – (b. 1658-d.1716) Japanese painter of the Rinpa School

Ogata Kenzan – also known as Shisui, Japanese potter and painter, younger brother of Ogata Korin

Giri – Japanese value corresponding to Obligation or duty

Geisha – entertainers whose skills include performing various Japanese arts such as classical music and dance; used to be mainly male, but became dominantly female later on; NOT courtesans

Shamisen – three stringed Japanese musical instrument

Bushidō – Samurai Code

Meirokusha – intellectual society in Meiji period Japan that published social-criticism journal Meiroku Zasshi

Okakura Tenshin -- (b.1862-d.1913), Japanese Scholar who contributed to the development of arts in Japan