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Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries

Arrival in BankinsingAugustine HenryBunzo Hayata

Dr. Chang-Fu, HsiehNational Taiwan universityDr. T.Y. Aleck Yang*National Museum of Natural Science


• Introduction• Project achievements • Botanical exploration and specimen collections (18

54-1895)• Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in h

erbaria in Europe• Botanical exploration and specimen collections (18

96-1921)• Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in h

erbaria in Japan

Outline

Main objective

To collect contents about Taiwan that had been scattered overseas for many years. These collections include a variety of specimens, ranging from anthropology, botany to zoology, and they provide cultural data and biodiversity information of Taiwan more than 150 years.

Introduction

South Cape in 1882

Institutes involved: Academia SinicaNational Museum of Natural ScienceNational Taiwan University

There are 7 subprojects under the project.

Introduction

Project scheme

The original specimen from which the description of a new species is made is known as type specimen, which should be preserved forever. Since they are considered permanent reference specimens, types are the most important specimens in a herbarium.

What is type specimen?

Epilobium nankotaizanense

Introduction

Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908.

Type specimen

Introduction

Specimen label

Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908.

Original publication for the new species

Introduction

Kyushu University Museum (KUM, Japan)The Hokkaido University Museum (HUM, Japan)Nishinomiya Shell Museum (Japan) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NMW)Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM)Deutsche Entomologische Institut (DEI, Germany)The British Museum (UK)Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University (MCZ, USA)Bernice P. Bishop Museum (USA)

Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited

Project achievements

Naturhistorisches MuseumVienna (NMW)

Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited

Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM)


The Herbarium of Tokyo University (TI, Japan)Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Japan)V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)Paris Phanérogamie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle London Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK),

Foreign herbaria visited


1. The digitization of the native vascular plant type specimens includes: over 500 species, 1,080 sheets of important specimens of Orchidaceae in Taiwan and over 1,000 images of specimens and protologue.

2. A total of 699 pieces of insect specimens are digitized and available online, including 448 type species and 185 synonym, over 3,000 specimen images.

3. Taiwanese ethnological specimens (No. 151-300) deposited in the British Museum have been digitized and data constructed.

Database and website constructions


1. Agreement between the British Museum and National Taiwan University.2. Memorandum of understanding between the Herbarium of the University of Tokyo (TI) and the Research Center for Digital Humanities of National Taiwan University (RCDH).

Agreement and memorandum


Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)

The first botanical collections from Taiwan (Formosa) were made by Robert Fortune (Scottish botanist). He visited Formosa in 1854 on the American ship "Confucius", and landed in "Tamshuy“ of northern Taiwan.


Sidewheel paddle steamer "Confucius", 1852

Robert Fortune collected Rice paper plant (Aralia papyrifera) and lily

Aralia papyrifera


Lilium formosanum 臺灣百合 (1880)

Lilium brownii Miellez


Charles Wilford (Collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)

In June and July 1858 they participated in the circumnavigation of Formosa on board HMS Inflexible, and collected a formidable number of animal and plant specimens.

Robert Swinhoe (British consul and naturalist)

HMS Inflexible wood paddle sloop (24 May 1845)

Swinhoe, R. 1864. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 34: p. 6


Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤Cocculus cuneatus 鐵牛入石Sedum formosanum 台灣佛甲草Lysimachia acroadenia 台灣珍珠菜Ehretia formosana 恆春厚殼樹Helicia formosana 山龍眼Callicarpa formosana 杜虹花Gelonium aequorum 白樹仔 ( 採自打狗 ) Asplenium wilfordii 威氏鐵角蕨

Wilford’s specimens were deposited at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Duplicates were distributed to the principal herbaria of Europe (e.g., Bot. Garden, St. Petersb.)

Some of the new species found by Wilford:Sedum formosanum

Asplenium wilfordii


Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤Famous Chinese Herbal


British Consulate at Taiwan-fu (Tainan) photographed in 1860s (Pickering :'Pioneering in Formosa')

Robert Swinhoe 1856, 1858, 1861-1866 (British vice-consul and consul)


Swinhoe was one of the most successful exploring naturalists.

Laportea pterostigma Wedd. 咬人狗Sabia swinhoei Hemsl. 台灣清風藤Rubus swinhoei Hance 斯氏懸鉤子Boea swinhoei Hance 旋莢木Ficus swinhoei King 山豬枷

Robert Swinhoe published a list of plants in 1863, enumerating 246 species. The specimens were deposited at Kew.

Some of the new species found by Swinhoe:

Laportea pterostigma


William A. Pickering, 1865. Pioneering in Formosa.

Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1865 (rising to the left is Ape's Hill). One of the main specimen collection areas.

'S S Clover' or Dent & Co's opium receiving ship, 'Ternate', an old Dutch frigate.


Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1875, with some Formosan date (Phoenix hanceana Naudin 臺灣海棗 ).


Exploration around the Kaohsiung Lagoon during Swinhoe's time.

One of the main specimen collection areas.


Richard Oldham (collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)

Richard Oldham explored northern Formosa (Tansui and Kelung) in 1864.He collected 600 species and sent all specimens to Kew. Oldham's collections were studied mainly by Hance as well as by Maximowicz.

Some of the new species found by Oldham:

Liquidambar formosana 楓香Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑Bambusa oldhamii Munro 綠竹Titanotrichum oldhamii 俄氏草Saurauja oldhamii 水冬瓜Freycinetia formosana 山林投 Chloranthus oldhamii 臺灣及己Diospyros oldhamii Maxim. 俄氏柿Scolopia oldhamii 魯花樹 Daphniphyllum glaucescens subsp. oldhamii 奧氏虎皮楠

Tamsui in 1874


Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑 This species was introduced to gardens by Charles Maries who sent seeds to Messrs Veitch in 1878. Plants raised from these seeds were exhibited in London in the spring of 1882.


Liquidambar formosana 楓香Formosa Sweetgum

A genus of four species.


1866


In 1892-1895 Dr. Henry made large collections at Takow, Bankinsing and South Cape in 1892-1895. Duplicates to over 2000 numbers have been sent to Kew, comprising about 1000 species in all. Some of the duplicates were distributed to other herbaria in various parts of the world.

Augustine Henry (Irish plantsman)


Takao, Bankinsing and South Cape.

"Carte de L'ile Formose." 1893. Map. By C. Imbault-Huart, Consul of France.


Wanchin church in 1870

Dr. Henry was stationed at Bankinsing (Wanchin) church, 30 miles east of Takow.

Arrival in Bankinsing


Bankimcheng in 1877

Dr. Henry employed native collectors at the village of Bankinsing.


Wanchin church in 2009


South Cape in 1882

－

South Cape (the southernmost Taiwan) has plenty of tropical plants.


Specimen collected by Henry at Bankinsing, No. 123


In 1896 Dr. Henry published a comprehensive list of lowland plants:

“A List of Plants from Formosa” containing 1,288 species of flowering plants.

Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 24, supplement (December 1896): 1-118.


A List of Plants from Formosa


Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Europe

V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (LE)

Staff in LE

Curator of C. and E. Asia-Alisa Grabovskaya

Dr. Dmitry Geltman Dr. Marina Mikhailova

Dr. Tatyana Krestovskaya

Entrance and inside of LE

Phanérogamie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (P)

Staff in P

Curator of Herbier historiques － Dr. Gérard Aymonin; Curator of Aisa Area － Dr. Sovanmoly Hul

Staff of Type image of Ferns Project － Mr. Vincent

Inside of P

Library

Princess of Wales Conservatory Palm House

Temperate House Alpine House

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Herbaria, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)

Wing A

Wing B

Wing C: Working Location

Entrance of Wing A and Wing B

Wing D and Library

Working in Wing C

Searching Ancient Protologue

Giant Books

Lilium formosanum

Storage of specimens

Wallich Herbaria and manuscript

Botanical exploration and specimen collections(1896-1921)

In the first phase (1906-1911), Japanese made an extensive botanical survey of the whole island, and the specimens were mainly preserved in Japan. The results of this research were published as:

“A List of Plants from Formosa” by Kawakami (1910)“Enumeratio Plantarum Formosanarum” by Matsumura and Hayata (1906) “Flora Montana Formosae” by Hayata (1908)“Materials for a Flora of Formosa” by Hayata (1911)“Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, I-X, by Hayata (1911-1921)


Takiya Kawakami (1871-1915)


Bunzo Hayata (1874-1934)


Flora Montana Formosae (1908)

Enumerated 392 species.


Hayata published various works and among them was the monumental “Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, I-X”, 1911-1921.



Hayata discovered approximately 2,300 new records from Taiwan, among them 1,200 were new species. Most of the type specimens were deposited in Tokyo University.

Hayata collected specimens at Taroko Gorge in 1917.


About 3,000 type specimens for 1,500 species and innumerable non-type specimens of Taiwan’s plants are deposited in the TI Herbarium of Tokyo University. These historical material from Taiwan derives from important early Japanese, particularly U. Mori, E. Matsuda, T. Kawakami, and B. Hayata in 1896-1920. Other early Japaneses collectors well-represented include Y. Shimada, T. Makino, R. Kanehira, G. Nakahara and S. Konishi.

Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan


The specimens of the TI herbarium are presently located at two different sites:Herbarium of the University MuseumHerbarium of the Botanical Gardens (Koishikawa)


Facilities provided by the herbarium included a reversed EPSON ES-10000G scanner.

Eriocaulon nantoense Hayata


High resolution camera (24.6 megapixels of resolution )


The type specimens of Musa insularimontana Hayata and related documents.


Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History houses 78 precious Orchid type specimens and more than 1,000 orchid specimens, collected around Taiwan by Noriaki Fukuyama, Tokio Suzuki, Syuniti Sasaki, and Genkei Masamune. These specimens are Taiwan’s most valuable assets in the earliest time.

Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History


正宗嚴敬 Genkei Masamune (1899-1993)

Genkei Masamune (1899-1993)

Noriaki Fukuyama (1912-1946)

Genkei Masamune was a professor in the Taihoku Imperial University in 1929-1943.Noriaki Fukuyama was an assistant (1934-1941) in the TAI Herbarium. He collected a lots of orchid specimens from Taiwan, Liuchiu and Micronesia.


Phalaenopsis riteiwanensis Masam.

TypeThe Horse Phalaenopsis 姬蝴蝶蘭

Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 24: 213. 1934.

Original publication of Phalaenopsis riteiwanensis Masam.

Phalaenopsis riteiwanensis Masam. 姬蝴蝶蘭

Phalaenopsis aphrodite Reichb. f. Moth orchid 蝴蝶蘭

Phalaenopsis aphrodite Reichb. f. 蝴蝶蘭

Digitization of Historic Museum Collectionsof Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries

Download - Digitization Of Historic Museum Collections Of Taiwan Deposited In Foreign Counties (Nx Power Lite) Final

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