DEFENSIVE DRIVING

CHAPTER 5

DO NOW 9-17

• After reading the article on Thursday about road rage what are some strategies that might help you not get road rage. Are there things that you practice or try and practice to keep you calm in stressful situations?

DO NOW 9-18

• Describe an incident of aggressive driving or rad rage that you have witnessed? How can you prevent enraging fellow drivers? If another driver angers you, how should you respond? What does aggressive driving mean? List some distractions that you think may impact you while driving.

DO NOW 9-19

• You are going to be learning how to drive in the most difficult area. How does that make you feel? Why is city driving so much more difficult than driving in any other area?

PREVENT A COLLISION

• Be Alert: never think motorist will not make a driving mistake• Be Prepared: Learn what to do in any situation

when you have to act fast and always expect the unexpected• Act in Time: Try not to panic. Know what to do if

something suddenly happens

ROAD RAGE

•

AGGRESSIVE DRIVING

• emotions can have a great affect on a motorist’s driving• Aggressive driving is defined as a

progression of unlawful driving actions such as speeding, improper or excessive lane changing, or improper passing• Aggressive drivers fail to consider how

their actions may affect other motorists on the road• Extreme cases of aggressive driving may

lead to road rage

ROAD RAGE

• When motorists lose their tempers or become frustrated because of traffic disturbances….• Run stop signs and red lights• Speed• Tailgate• Weave through traffic• Pass illegally• Make unsafe and improper lane changes• Make hand or facial gestures• Scream• Honk horns• Flash lights• Cause collisions

DISTRACTIONS

• In many cases, collisions are caused by distracted motorists• Inattentive motorists often tailgate go too fast, or

drift out of their lanes• WHAT ARE SOME COMMON DISTRACTIONS WHILE

DRIVING????

TIRED DRIVER/ HIGHWAY HYPNOSIS

• a tired driver is a dangerous driver

• a tired driver can be a dangerous as a drunk driver

• Maggie’s Law, which was enacted in 2003 makes it illegal to knowingly drive a vehicle while impaired by lack of sleep

• This law establishes driving while fatigued as reckless under the vehicular homicide statute

HIGHWAY HYPNOSIS

• highway hypnosis is a trance like state• This may be avoided by not looking at one object

for more than a few seconds• It is recommended that a motorist rest every two

hours and share the driving with another licensed driver

COMMUNICATING AND DRIVING

• Communicate with other motorists by all available means and signals• Turn signals ( hand signals) allow a motorists to

tell what he/she is going to do• At night a quick flip of the headlights from low to

high and back to low might be helpful

TAILGATING

• A motorist should always keep a safe distance from other vehicles on the road• This give plenty of time to react in an emergency• Tailgating refers to following too closely behind a

vehicle directly in front of you• Tailgating is often the cause of rear end collisions

ONE CAR LENGTH

• Although there is no perfect rule for following distance, the rule of thumb is one car length for every 10mph• At high speeds or bad weather, following distance

should be increased

THREE SECOND RULE

• Since most people having trouble judging distance, the three second rule helps determines a safe following distance• Find a fixed object on the road• When that vehicle passes the object begin counting• If you do not have enough space slow down.

CHANGING LANES AND PASSING

• ALWAYS SIGNAL LANE CHANGES• only change lanes or pass when necessary• Keep a safe following distance• Check traffic ahead and behind• When pavement marking permits• Signal every lane change

WET ROADS

• Drive slowly• Three second plus rule

should increase• Quick turns or changes

can cause you to skid• ** road surfaces are

the most slippery during the first few minutes of a rainfall

• When driving through a puddle make sure you pump to test and dry your brakes

HYDROPLANING

• Wet roads can cause hydroplaning, or riding on the film of water starting at 35 mph• This would cause you to

loose control over the vehicle• After 55 mph, tires may

leave the road surface entirely• This makes stopping or

turning impossible

SNOW AND ICE• Before driving in cold weather, start the

engine and let it warm up• All snow and ice must be removed from the

entire vehicle• Gently apply the brakes when you first begin

driving to judge how slipper the roads are• **A good rule is to keep a 6 second following

distance on snow or ice roads

SNOW AND ICE

• Snow tires typically do not provide good traction on ice• Chains are the best for traction• In NJ, motorist may use studded snow tires or

chains between November 15 – April 1• When driving on snow and ice keep the engine

speed and gear low

REDUCED VISIBILITY

• Head lights should be kept on low in the fog. Why?• Sun visors should be adjusted and used on sunny

days with intense glare

NIGHT DRIVING

• Nearly 90% of driving decisions are based upon what motorist sees at night drive with headlights on at dusk, night and dawn• Be able to stop within the distance you can see

ahead. • At a speed of 60mph stopping distance will be

359 feet.**

CITY DRIVING

• Heavier traffic and more pedestrians in these areas• Increase 3 second rule to 12 seconds

CONSTRUCTION AND WORK ZONES

• In NJ, traffic fines double for motor violations committed in an area of roadway construction zones.• Detour is an another roadway to bypass the

roadwork

SKIDS• A motorist should handle a skid in both

front wheel and rear wheel drive vehicles the same way• If the rear of the vehicle starts to slide, a

motorist should take his/her foot off the gas pedal• A vehicle may spin if the steering wheel is

quickly turned away from the direction of the skid• To avoid a spin, the motorist should turn in

the direction the rear of the vehicle is skidding without over steering• During a skid avoid using brakes

RUNNING OFF THE PAVEMENT• If a vehicle’s wheels drift onto the shoulder of

the road, do not try to turn back onto the pavement right away• This might throw the vehicle off balance• A motorist should stay on the shoulder and

ease up on the gas pedal• After the vehicle has slowed down to 25 mph

or less, the motorist may turn back onto the road

TIRE BLOWOUT

• Hold the steering wheel firmly and keep vehicle straight while gradually slowing down• Remove your foot from the gas pedal but don’t

use the brakes!

GAS PEDAL PROBLEMS PG. 95

• If a gas pedal sticks, keep eyes on the road and quickly shift into neutral.**

HOOD LATCH FAILURE

• If the vehicles hood suddenly flies up the motorist should…• Slow down immediately• Try to look under the hood or out the window to try and

pull over as soon possible

LAST MINUTE CHOICES PG. 96

• If a collision looks possible…..Stop, Turn, or Speed up• Driving off the road, rather than skidding, this

gives the motorist more control over the vehicle• The motorist should choose to hit something

that gives way such as a bush or shrubs rather than something hard• Choose to hit something moving in the same

direction rather than opposite direction

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF A COLLISION

• If a motorist witnesses or is involved in a collision he/she should follow these tips:• 1. Stop the vehicle• 2. Remain calm• 3. Assume the worst and get help ( notify the

police, call and ambulance)• 4. Wait at the scene, but try not to block traffic• 5. Ask for assistance from passing motorist if

needed

REPORTING ACCIDENTS

• NJ law requires motorists to notify the police of accidents where there is injury, death, or vehicle property damage• When damage to property is more than

$500 or there is personal injury, a motorist must:• Send a written report to the MVC within 10 days

if no police report is filed by police. A motorist can get a written copy of the report from police

REPORTING ACCIDENTS

• Notify his/her insurance company at once, giving complete information about the accident

• If the motorist is shaken up, he/she should see a doctor as soon as possible