Darfur

Madison Pecnik

BACKGROUND OF DARFUR

Name of country: Darfur

Location of country: Northeastern Africa

Size of population: 6,000,000 before

Form of government: Is a Federal republic ruled by the

National Congress Party, which came to power by military

coup in 1989.

Official language: Arabic

(“Darfur Genocide,” 2010).

TIME PERIOD

It began in February 2003 until present(“Darfur conflict timeline,” 2014).

INVOLVEMENT

Khartoum declared a state of emergency and

arrested African rebels.

Janjaweed did the majority of the fighting.

The Africans in Darfur were the victims of the

genocide.

(Levy, 2009).

CONTINUED

Khartoum became the new capital of Sudan

Violence started when the Arab dominated government declared

their goal which was to get rid of Africans in Darfur

African groups rebelled against Sudan’s government

Government armed militias known as Janjaweed (devils on

horseback)

Khartoum provided weapons, communications, military advisors,

and training for the Janjaweed.

(Levy, 2009)

PLANNING THE GENOCIDE

Khartoum had the Janjaweed which allowed the

government to claim that the fighting in Darfur was

tribal conflict.

The government promised Janjaweed cash and

development of their tribes.

Only Arabs were accepted into the Janjaweed.

(Levy, 2009)

H O W T H E G E N O C I D E W A S C A R R I E D O U T / T A C T I C S

Soldiers bombed towns and Janjaweed moved in. They tortured,

shot, and stabbed civilians.

They called victims “slaves”

Lined up males and shot them in the back of the head.

Tossed kids in burning houses.

Chained school kids together and burned them alive.

Females were raped and either killed or branded saying they were

raped.

(Levy, 2009).

CONTINUED

Threw dead bodies in wells to poison water.

Anyone left alive would be captured.

The Khartoum issued orders not to interfere with

the Janjaweed.

The rare survivor lost everything : Clinics, schools,

mosques, villages, food and animals were stolen or

destroyed.

(Levy, 2009).

TACTICS CONTINUED

Police and government officials left Darfur

When word came out, Khartoum denied it claiming lies and propaganda

used to trash Arabs and the Islam culture.

They finally agreed to work with aid agencies to send food and supplies to

refugees and internally displaced persons but delayed delivery.

They arranged fake handovers of Janjaweed weapons for reporters to

witness.

They took convicts from prison, made them confess to being part of the

Janjaweed, and executing them.

(Levy, 2009).

RESULTS

Government and soldiers forced more than 2 million

Africans from their homes.

It is hard to know for sure how many were killed because

they often burned bodies, threw them into wells, or buried

them in mass graves. But, it is approximately 500,000 killed.

Chad Sheltered 200,000 refugees.

In Darfur there were 2 million IDPs.

(Levy, 2009).

INTERVENTIONS

In 2003, the president of Chad got both sides to agree to a 45 day

cease fire. Neither side honored this agreement.

In 2004, the African union also called for cease fire, deweaponing,

monitors, peace keepers. Again, disagreement failed.

In 2006, the African union called for the UN to take over.

Khartoum feared losing control but signed Darfur peace agreement.

They were required to disarm Janjaweed but only one unit of the

Sudan Liberation Army signed so the agreement also failed.

(Levy, 2009).

REACTIONS

Aid workers and journalists learned of the genocide from

refugees in Chad.

Celebrities like Angelina Jolie, George Clooney, and Bono

have raised awareness.

African Union troops have been deployed to Darfur to help

keep the peace

(“Summary of the Crisis in Darfur, Sudan,” 2014)

(Levy, 2009).

CLASSIFICATION

The African Darfur farmers against the Janjaweed,

A group of local Arab tribes.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

SYMBOLIZATION

The color of their skin and how they dress

determines what group they are from.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

DEHUMANIZATION

In Darfur, the farmers are treated very poorly and

sometimes referred to and treated like slaves.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

ORGANIZATION

Janjaweed Militia was organized to murder, rape,

and destroy by the Sudanese government.

Khartoum made it look like they were helping the

targeted civilians.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

POLARIZATION

In Darfur, the farmers were displaced and not

allowed to practice their religious ceremonies and

were demanded to be silent.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

PREPARATION

The Janjaweed took the farmers, removed them

from their homes, and put them in camps or in

ghetto’s.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

EXTERMINATION

During this time period, 500,000 people have been

killed and more than 2,000,000 people have been

displaced in camps or ghetto’s.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

DENIAL

The Sudanese government tried to deny anything

that happened trying to get people to believe that

they had nothing to do with it, burning bodies,

claiming it was a tribal conflict, and not allowing

reporters to come in but they have been found guilty

and charged with genocide.

(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)

CITE PAGE

http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genoci

de-in-sudan.htm

http://www.worldwithoutgenocide.org

http://www.darfurdreamteam.org

Levy, Janey. Genocide in Darfur. New York: The

Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Book.

www.sudan-parliament.org