Darfur GenocideDarfur Genocide
Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences JanjaweedJanjaweed National Islamic FrontNational Islamic Front China’s Role China’s Role U.N Involvement U.N Involvement Multinational Companies Multinational Companies September LawsSeptember Laws National Geographic National Geographic
Sudan
Some InformationSome Information
The Darfur region of western Sudan The Darfur region of western Sudan borders the Central African Republic, Libya borders the Central African Republic, Libya and Chad covering an area of and Chad covering an area of approximately 493 000 square kilometersapproximately 493 000 square kilometers
The region is divided into 3 federal states; The region is divided into 3 federal states; West Darfur, South Darfur and North West Darfur, South Darfur and North DarfurDarfur
Population is between 6 and 7 million Population is between 6 and 7 million peoplepeople
SituationSituation
One of the worlds largest One of the worlds largest concentrations of human sufferingconcentrations of human suffering
Thousands of people have been Thousands of people have been killed since 2003killed since 2003
Over 4.5 million people in Darfur and Over 4.5 million people in Darfur and eastern Chad now rely on eastern Chad now rely on humanitarian aidhumanitarian aid
2.7 million people have been 2.7 million people have been internally displacedinternally displaced
SudanSudanCultural DifferencesCultural Differences
Darfur TribesDarfur Tribes 36 main tribes in 36 main tribes in
DarfurDarfur Arab or non-Arab Arab or non-Arab
tribestribes 3 largest non-Arab 3 largest non-Arab
tribes are the Fur, tribes are the Fur, Zaghawa and Zaghawa and Massaleit (3 most Massaleit (3 most directly targeted directly targeted tribes in genocide)tribes in genocide)
Tribes of SudanTribes of Sudan
1899-19561899-1956
1899 established Anglo-Egyptian1899 established Anglo-Egyptian There have always been many There have always been many
cultural differences between the cultural differences between the North and the South of Sudan.North and the South of Sudan.
1924-1956 was ruled as two separate 1924-1956 was ruled as two separate territories (North and South)territories (North and South)
Two regions developed unique Two regions developed unique cultural and religious characteristicscultural and religious characteristics
North
(Islamic)
75-80% population
South
(Christian)
5% population
The NorthThe North Ruled by EgyptRuled by Egypt Practices Islamic faithPractices Islamic faith
The SouthThe South
Ruled by the BritishRuled by the British British wanted to reduce influence of Islam and British wanted to reduce influence of Islam and
encourage Christian missionaries to work and encourage Christian missionaries to work and promote the English languagepromote the English language
September LawsSeptember Laws
The September Laws were created The September Laws were created by the Nimeiri Government, 1983by the Nimeiri Government, 1983
Transformed Sudan into an Islamic Transformed Sudan into an Islamic state, forcing Islamic faith on the state, forcing Islamic faith on the population, and subjecting even non-population, and subjecting even non-Muslims to harsh penaltiesMuslims to harsh penalties
Jaafar Nimeiri, ex-president of Sudan. Nimeiri brought Islamic law to Sudan during his rule.
Islam ( North )Islam ( North ) Christianity ( South )Christianity ( South )
Do not believe in the Trinity Do not believe in the Trinity Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit)Holy Spirit)
Jesus is a Prophet and a servant of God. Jesus is a Prophet and a servant of God. Muhammad is also a Prophet and a servant of Muhammad is also a Prophet and a servant of God. He was the last Prophet sent by God to God. He was the last Prophet sent by God to guide and teach mankind.guide and teach mankind.
As a member of the Trinity, Jesus is viewed as As a member of the Trinity, Jesus is viewed as God Himself.God Himself.
The Quranic teachings in this regard may be The Quranic teachings in this regard may be summed up as follows: (1) Christ was neither summed up as follows: (1) Christ was neither crucified nor killed by the Jews, notwithstanding crucified nor killed by the Jews, notwithstanding certain apparent circumstances which produced certain apparent circumstances which produced that that illusion illusion in the minds of some of the in the minds of some of the enemies; and (2) Jesus was taken up to God enemies; and (2) Jesus was taken up to God (i.e.. (i.e.. God raised him up God raised him up (raf'a) to Himself.) (raf'a) to Himself.) [Qur'an 4:157, 158 & 3:55 & 4:157][Qur'an 4:157, 158 & 3:55 & 4:157]
Christians believe that Jesus was crucified on a Christians believe that Jesus was crucified on a cross.cross.
Hell is a place of purification, and is permanent. Hell is a place of purification, and is permanent. Paradise is a reward, Paradise will be eternal. Paradise is a reward, Paradise will be eternal. Once meriting it, there can be no question of Once meriting it, there can be no question of being ejected from it. being ejected from it.
Hell is eternal, but Purgatory is not They believe Hell is eternal, but Purgatory is not They believe it is a place or state of punishment wherein the it is a place or state of punishment wherein the souls of those who die in God's grace may do souls of those who die in God's grace may do penance for past sins and hence become penance for past sins and hence become cleansed and fit for heaven. Only Christians can cleansed and fit for heaven. Only Christians can go to heaven.go to heaven.
*Chart from http://muslim-canada.org/islam_christianity.html
Islam ( North )Islam ( North ) Christianity ( South )Christianity ( South )
All mankind is born pure and he/she is All mankind is born pure and he/she is responsible for his or her own sins and not responsible for his or her own sins and not someone else's.someone else's.
Christians believe in Original Sin, (all of mankind Christians believe in Original Sin, (all of mankind is held responsible for the sins of Adam and Eve) is held responsible for the sins of Adam and Eve) which only the sacrament of baptism in the which only the sacrament of baptism in the name of Christ can expiate.name of Christ can expiate.
Muslims do not believe in vicarious atonement. Muslims do not believe in vicarious atonement. They believe that each person is responsible for They believe that each person is responsible for his or her own actions and that no-one else can his or her own actions and that no-one else can atone for them. atone for them.
Christians believe in vicarious atonement -- that Christians believe in vicarious atonement -- that another person can extinguish the guilt incurred another person can extinguish the guilt incurred by another person's sinsby another person's sins
The Qur'an exists today The Qur'an exists today exactly exactly the samethe same as it as it was revealed to Muhammadwas revealed to Muhammad
A council was called, in the early days of A council was called, in the early days of Christianity, where the church fathers and elders Christianity, where the church fathers and elders debated. This council codified (systematized) debated. This council codified (systematized) standard Christian belief and gave the New standard Christian belief and gave the New Testament its present form, Testament its present form,
For Muslims, Prophets are spiritually advanced For Muslims, Prophets are spiritually advanced and are very pure and sinless. They have been and are very pure and sinless. They have been sent by God to guide and teach mankind.sent by God to guide and teach mankind.
In the Old Testament (Jewish scriptures which In the Old Testament (Jewish scriptures which most Christians regard as authoritative), most Christians regard as authoritative), Prophets are not portrayed as being infallible to Prophets are not portrayed as being infallible to say the least.say the least.
There are many differences between the There are many differences between the Quranic and the Biblical versions in the details of Quranic and the Biblical versions in the details of certain Biblical stories.certain Biblical stories.
There are many differences between the There are many differences between the Quranic and the Biblical versions in the details of Quranic and the Biblical versions in the details of certain Biblical stories.certain Biblical stories.
The first source of Muslim Law, is the Qur'an. The first source of Muslim Law, is the Qur'an. The source of Christian (or Canon) Law is the The source of Christian (or Canon) Law is the scripture, scripture,
*Chart from http://muslim-canada.org/islam_christianity.html
The differences between the Muslim The differences between the Muslim and Christian populations have caused and Christian populations have caused many civil wars and political, religious, many civil wars and political, religious, and cultural disputesand cultural disputes
Unfortunately these issues have yet to Unfortunately these issues have yet to be solved, and the northern and be solved, and the northern and southern Sudanese continue to live in southern Sudanese continue to live in discorddiscord
VS.
means “a man with a gun on a horse”, in Arabic
Started to be more aggressive in 2003
Are a loose roving band of armed fighters worked as a “freelance tribal militia” for 10 years before assuming the role of counterinsurgent “used by the government of Sudan” to combat rebels.
Began pillaging towns and villages inhabited by members from which rebel armies draw strength-the Zaghawa, Masalit, and Fur tribes.
•Rather well- equiped fighting forces that enjoy the overt assistance of the Sudanese Government
•June 2004, Sudanese army was openly recruiting horse-owning Arab men, promising them a gun and a monthly salary of $116 in exchange for joining a Janjaweed cohort.
•Money that gets paid to the Janjaweed comes directly from booty captured in raids on villages, giving them an additional incentive to act with extreme brutality
•Janjaweed commanders are using racism as a rallying point, encouraging their charges to rape the dark-skinned villagers they encounter during their raids
•Janjaweed commanders are living in government garrison towers
•Janjaweed militiamen wear combat fatigues identical to those of the regular army
•Sudanese Government has strongly denied offering any support to the Janjaweed
•Sudanese Government denies any relationship with the Janjaweed and says that it is seeking to disarm both the Janjaweed and the Darfur Rebels
"The government armed the people who volunteered to fight against the rebels, the armed groups. And, these people were not Janjaweed," Sudanese Ambassador to the United States Khidir Haroun Ahmed told the Online News Hour in September 2005. "The government has no hesitation at all in disarming the Janjaweed. The problem is the other nomad tribes. These people and the lack of law enforcement in the region, they will not disarm themselves unless you disarm the rebels groups."
National Islamic FrontNational Islamic Front
A Brief IntroductionA Brief Introduction
BasicsBasics
An Islamic political organisation created An Islamic political organisation created and led by Dr. Hassan Al-Turabi in 1985.and led by Dr. Hassan Al-Turabi in 1985.
Created in the 1960s, it was originally Created in the 1960s, it was originally known as the Islamic Charter Front.known as the Islamic Charter Front.
It was later known as the Muslim It was later known as the Muslim Brotherhood. The name came from the Brotherhood. The name came from the Muslim Brotherhood from Egypt, who had Muslim Brotherhood from Egypt, who had been active in Sudan since 1949. Their been active in Sudan since 1949. Their objective in Sudan was to bring in Islamic objective in Sudan was to bring in Islamic law (Sharia)law (Sharia)
ShariaSharia
Code of law for MuslimsCode of law for Muslims Based on revelation of Mohammed Based on revelation of Mohammed
and what is written in the Qur’anand what is written in the Qur’an Believed to be God’s lawBelieved to be God’s law Deals with secular, political and Deals with secular, political and
economical laweconomical law 5 countries use it Nationally5 countries use it Nationally
Basics (Cont’d)Basics (Cont’d) In the mid-1960s, In the mid-1960s,
they overthrew the they overthrew the Communist party that Communist party that was ruling Sudanwas ruling Sudan
After Nimeiri was After Nimeiri was overthrown, Al-Turabi overthrown, Al-Turabi set up the NIF, which set up the NIF, which then was dominated then was dominated by the former by the former members of the members of the Muslim BrotherhoodMuslim Brotherhood
Basics (Cont’d)Basics (Cont’d)
Heavily influences the Sudanese Heavily influences the Sudanese government, ever since 1979 and government, ever since 1979 and dominated since 1989dominated since 1989
While it is still technically a political While it is still technically a political organization, the NIF greatly organization, the NIF greatly expresses ruthlessness and rampant expresses ruthlessness and rampant violence. They do this by arming violence. They do this by arming and training loyalist militias such as and training loyalist militias such as the Janjaweedthe Janjaweed
Al-Turabi InterviewAl-Turabi Interview
Short Interview with Al-Turabi Short Interview with Al-Turabi discussing his views on Darfur.discussing his views on Darfur.
http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=gdWfKSrJ42o&feature==gdWfKSrJ42o&feature=fvwfvw
Trade to SudanTrade to Sudan
China is Sudan’s biggest trade China is Sudan’s biggest trade partner.partner.
Sudan imports low cost items as well Sudan imports low cost items as well as armaments from China.as armaments from China.
China sells military transportation to China sells military transportation to Sudan in violation of the 2006 arms Sudan in violation of the 2006 arms embargo.embargo.
OilOil
China imports oil from Sudan.China imports oil from Sudan. In 1999 the value of China’s oil trade In 1999 the value of China’s oil trade
with Africa was $2 billion.with Africa was $2 billion. China has a 40% share in Sudan’s oil.China has a 40% share in Sudan’s oil.
China’s Military PresenceChina’s Military Presence
China has trained fighter pilots for the China has trained fighter pilots for the Sudanese military.Sudanese military.
China has supplied arms and ammunition China has supplied arms and ammunition for the military in Sudan.for the military in Sudan.
Chinese-made Fantan fighters that have Chinese-made Fantan fighters that have been sold to Sudan have been been sold to Sudan have been photographed in Nyala, Sudanphotographed in Nyala, Sudan
China’s Support of the Darfurian China’s Support of the Darfurian KillingsKillings
Human rights organizations have Human rights organizations have criticized China for its supportive criticized China for its supportive relationship with the Sudanese relationship with the Sudanese government, which is committing government, which is committing mass killings in Darfur.mass killings in Darfur.
China has threatened to veto UN China has threatened to veto UN Security Council actions to combat Security Council actions to combat the Darfur crisis. the Darfur crisis.
Darfur Genocide:Darfur Genocide:U.N. InvolvementU.N. Involvement
BackgroundBackground
Fighting broke out between Sudan Fighting broke out between Sudan government forces, allied Janjaweed government forces, allied Janjaweed militia, and armed rebel forces in 2003.militia, and armed rebel forces in 2003.
200,000 people have been killed and 2 200,000 people have been killed and 2 million people displaced since then.million people displaced since then.
This fighting was a part of the Sudanese This fighting was a part of the Sudanese government’s attempt to get rid of non-government’s attempt to get rid of non-Islamic groups in Sudan.Islamic groups in Sudan.
Recognition as GenocideRecognition as Genocide
In 2004 the US secretary of state In 2004 the US secretary of state declared the incident in Darfur as a declared the incident in Darfur as a genocide.genocide.
No other permanent member of the U.N. No other permanent member of the U.N. Security Council has done the same.Security Council has done the same.
In 2005 an International Commission of In 2005 an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur stated that the Inquiry on Darfur stated that the government had not pursued a policy of government had not pursued a policy of genocide but had committed war crimes genocide but had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity.and crimes against humanity.
U.N. ActionsU.N. Actions
In May 2004, after two U.N. missions In May 2004, after two U.N. missions found massive human rights found massive human rights violations and humanitarian need, violations and humanitarian need, the president of the Security Council the president of the Security Council called on the government of Sudan called on the government of Sudan to disarm the Janjaweed militia.to disarm the Janjaweed militia.
Resolution 1556Resolution 1556 This resolution was passed by the U.N. in This resolution was passed by the U.N. in
July of 2004.July of 2004. It demanded that the government disarm It demanded that the government disarm
the Janjaweed and bring their leaders tio the Janjaweed and bring their leaders tio justice, threatening sanctions if they failed justice, threatening sanctions if they failed to comply.to comply.
It also endorsed the deployment of African It also endorsed the deployment of African Union troops to monitor ceasefire talks Union troops to monitor ceasefire talks going on at the time and banned the sale of going on at the time and banned the sale of firearms to non-government officials and firearms to non-government officials and those who support the Janjaweed.those who support the Janjaweed.
By the time this was passed the situation By the time this was passed the situation has worsened.has worsened.
ProblemsProblems
Stronger measures were Stronger measures were recommended but could not be recommended but could not be carried out.carried out.
China and Russia threatened to veto China and Russia threatened to veto sanctions or direct U.N. intervention.sanctions or direct U.N. intervention.
China owns 40% of Sudan’s main oil China owns 40% of Sudan’s main oil producing field.producing field.
Russia is thought to be the Sudanese Russia is thought to be the Sudanese government’s main arms supplier.government’s main arms supplier.
What Is Being DoneWhat Is Being Done
The U.N. is currently operating the The U.N. is currently operating the largest aid effort in the world in largest aid effort in the world in Darfur and refugee camps in Darfur and refugee camps in neighboring Chad and the Central neighboring Chad and the Central African Republic.African Republic.
In 2006 a joint U.N.-African Union In 2006 a joint U.N.-African Union mission in Darfur, called UNAMID, mission in Darfur, called UNAMID, began. It is a three phase plan to began. It is a three phase plan to bring peace to the region.bring peace to the region.
In this presentation we are going to educate you on the different multinational companies that are located in Sudan. Some companies which had major effects on the Darfur genocide, others who had negative effects in Darfur and some who just in general work in the area.
You will also see that there are NO U.S based companies located and/or doing business in Sudan. Nevertheless, the State of Iowa does hold limited investments with internationalcorporations that do business in the country. Twisted huh?
One of the major multinational companies that held a negative effect on Darfur was oil companies. Oil companies would make oil extraction easy and profitable in Sudan, funding the Sudanese Government.
The biggest oil company fueling violence and producing in Sudan is CNPC. They are the biggest player in Sudan's oilfield bring Sudan's oil revenue up by 291 % bringing in $4.7 billion. Sudan's finance minister has said that at least 70 % of the oil profits go to the Sudanese Armed Forces.
This is negative because the Sudanese Armed Forces are linked with its militia allies to the crimes in Darfur.
Most companies have withdrawn and fled from Sudan because of its worsening political instability.
Companies such as:ABB LTD. Previously AT&T.Bharat Heavy Electrical
The US government has even paid certain companies to close there
business in Sudan and leave.
These companies do not agree with the decisions that have been made by the government in Sudan and don’t want anthing to do with the awful events taking place in Darfur. Most of these companies are US based.
There are also mutual companies located in Sudan who ignore the violence, don’t take part or support the violence and just mind their own business. They continue to produce product and make money with out supporting the Sudanese Government.
The September Laws.The September Laws.
What were the September Laws?What were the September Laws?
They were laws put in effect by Military They were laws put in effect by Military dictator Jafar Mohammed-Al Numeri from dictator Jafar Mohammed-Al Numeri from 1983-1985.1983-1985.
They were part of his Islamization They were part of his Islamization campaign to sustain his political standing campaign to sustain his political standing and to justify authoritarian rule. and to justify authoritarian rule.
His intention was to transform Sudan into His intention was to transform Sudan into a Muslim-Arab state, he divided the south a Muslim-Arab state, he divided the south into three regions and instituted Shari’a into three regions and instituted Shari’a law. law.
Shari’a Law is used to refer both to the Shari’a Law is used to refer both to the Islamic law and the Islamic way of life.Islamic law and the Islamic way of life.
It is the dominant Law in Sudan, and was It is the dominant Law in Sudan, and was used to legitimize the September Laws. used to legitimize the September Laws.
It is described as being "It is described as being "... a religious ... a religious code for living, in the same way that the code for living, in the same way that the Bible offers a moral system for Bible offers a moral system for ChristiansChristians.” .”
Literally translated it means ‘the path to Literally translated it means ‘the path to the watering hole’the watering hole’
Southern Sudan.Southern Sudan.
The separation of southern Sudan was The separation of southern Sudan was controversial even in the Northern Muslim controversial even in the Northern Muslim community community
To insure the law was applied more broadly, and To insure the law was applied more broadly, and for it to not be questioned, president Numeri for it to not be questioned, president Numeri declared a state of emergency on April 26declared a state of emergency on April 26thth 1984 1984
The separation pitted the separate regions The separation pitted the separate regions against each other, killing many and clearing against each other, killing many and clearing Sudan of its none Muslim community without Sudan of its none Muslim community without blame landing directly back onto the government. blame landing directly back onto the government.
The colonisation of Sudan The colonisation of Sudan
Before Jafar- Al Numeri was put into power, to be Before Jafar- Al Numeri was put into power, to be able to implement the September laws, able to implement the September laws, colinization was taking place in the country of colinization was taking place in the country of SudanSudan
Britain ran Sudan as a colony, they administered Britain ran Sudan as a colony, they administered the northern and southern provinces separately.the northern and southern provinces separately.
The South was held to be more similar to East The South was held to be more similar to East African Colonies, while Northern Sudan was more African Colonies, while Northern Sudan was more similar to Arabic speaking Egypt.similar to Arabic speaking Egypt.
Northerners were prevented from holding Northerners were prevented from holding positions of power in the South and trade was positions of power in the South and trade was discouraged between two areas.discouraged between two areas.
However in 1946, the British gave in to Northern However in 1946, the British gave in to Northern Pressure to Integrate the two areas.Pressure to Integrate the two areas.
Arabic was made the language of administration in Arabic was made the language of administration in the South, and Northerners began to hold positions the South, and Northerners began to hold positions there. The Southern Elite trained in English and there. The Southern Elite trained in English and resented the change as they were kept out of their resented the change as they were kept out of their own government. own government.
After Decolonization power was given to the After Decolonization power was given to the Northern Elites, based in Khartoum, causing unrest Northern Elites, based in Khartoum, causing unrest in the south.in the south.
Islamic LawIslamic Law
The Islamic Law, known as the Sharia, The Islamic Law, known as the Sharia, is the sacred law of Islam. The Sharia is the sacred law of Islam. The Sharia is like a guideline to life, basing laws is like a guideline to life, basing laws on Muslim principles of on Muslim principles of jurisprudence. It addresses crime, jurisprudence. It addresses crime, politics, and economics and as well politics, and economics and as well as personal issues like hygiene, as personal issues like hygiene, sexuality and diet. It’s followed by sexuality and diet. It’s followed by well over one billion people. well over one billion people.
Using Islamic law as their main body of law blurred the lines between state and secular in Sudan
While the majority of Northern Sudan was Muslim, the majority of Southern Sudan was either Christian or believed in the local religion
There was obvious tension between the north and the south in Sudan during this time, which sparked a civil war.
The government at the time was Islamic, so the NCP (National Congress Party) issued armies to go out and destroy potential rebel groups that could be a threat to the government.
National Geographic National Geographic
African refugee life African refugee life
Since fighting broke out between rebel groups and Since fighting broke out between rebel groups and government-backed militias in the Darfur region of government-backed militias in the Darfur region of western Sudan in 2003, an estimated 200,000 people western Sudan in 2003, an estimated 200,000 people have been killed or have died of starvation or disease. have been killed or have died of starvation or disease. Atrocities attributed to the militias, known as the Atrocities attributed to the militias, known as the Janjaweed, include the burning and looting of villages, Janjaweed, include the burning and looting of villages, and large-scale killings, torture, and rape. The violence and large-scale killings, torture, and rape. The violence has forced more than 2.2 million people to flee their has forced more than 2.2 million people to flee their homes.homes.
Darfur Death Toll Is Hundreds of Thousands Darfur Death Toll Is Hundreds of Thousands Higher Than ReportedHigher Than Reported
United States government death toll estimates for the war-United States government death toll estimates for the war-torn Darfur region of Sudan in Africa underestimate the torn Darfur region of Sudan in Africa underestimate the count by hundreds of thousands of lost lives. Hagan and co-count by hundreds of thousands of lost lives. Hagan and co-author Alberto Palloni of the University of Wisconsin, author Alberto Palloni of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, estimate that the conflict has caused anywhere Madison, estimate that the conflict has caused anywhere from 170,000 to 255,000 deaths, and they say the number from 170,000 to 255,000 deaths, and they say the number could be much higher. "Analysis of factors confounding could be much higher. "Analysis of factors confounding previous estimates leads to the conclusion that hundreds of previous estimates leads to the conclusion that hundreds of thousand of people … have died as a result of the conflict in thousand of people … have died as a result of the conflict in
Darfur,"Darfur,"
GeographicGeographic Reporter on Reporter on Imprisonment, War's Future Imprisonment, War's Future
Well, for the first 10 or 11 days of my assignment—I was Well, for the first 10 or 11 days of my assignment—I was just beginning … a long journey across the Sahel, across just beginning … a long journey across the Sahel, across five countries—I spent much of my time in refugee camps five countries—I spent much of my time in refugee camps on the Chad side of the border. And these camps contained on the Chad side of the border. And these camps contained … tens of thousands of people—they're teeming. There are … tens of thousands of people—they're teeming. There are canvas tents bolstered by pieces of scrap wood, driftwood, canvas tents bolstered by pieces of scrap wood, driftwood, whatever people can scrounge together to create shelter, whatever people can scrounge together to create shelter, very densely packed together. Once you go into the war very densely packed together. Once you go into the war zone proper, there's an added layer of danger. Of course, zone proper, there's an added layer of danger. Of course, you're in an area where there are many armed factions you're in an area where there are many armed factions
floating around. Often you don't even know who they are.floating around. Often you don't even know who they are.
Slim Promise of Peace?Slim Promise of Peace? Desertification and competition for natural resources are Desertification and competition for natural resources are
among the underlying causes of the recent Darfur conflict. among the underlying causes of the recent Darfur conflict. More than 200,000 people have been killed and 2.5 million More than 200,000 people have been killed and 2.5 million
others chased from their homes during the four-year strife.others chased from their homes during the four-year strife.
Describe the daily routine of a woman Describe the daily routine of a woman living in one of the camps.living in one of the camps.
What you have to know is that 80 percent of What you have to know is that 80 percent of the refugees are women and children. So the the refugees are women and children. So the women are really holding the family structure women are really holding the family structure together. A lot of the husbands have been together. A lot of the husbands have been killed or belong to the rebel groups, or killed or belong to the rebel groups, or they're taking care of the cattle. It's a daily they're taking care of the cattle. It's a daily struggle for survival. People live in makeshift struggle for survival. People live in makeshift shelters, very close to each other, so they shelters, very close to each other, so they don't have space. So women would go and don't have space. So women would go and collect wood, and that takes sometimes the collect wood, and that takes sometimes the whole day, because they walk two to three whole day, because they walk two to three hours to the bush and then two or three hours to the bush and then two or three hours to come back. And then they would try hours to come back. And then they would try to sell the wood in the city or in the camp to to sell the wood in the city or in the camp to try to have some additional income for their try to have some additional income for their
families.families. For women not in an official camp, For women not in an official camp, they also have to go and collect the water. they also have to go and collect the water. They carry jerricans [containers that hold They carry jerricans [containers that hold about 5 gallons, or 19 liters, of liquid]. ... And about 5 gallons, or 19 liters, of liquid]. ... And they do that several times a day. The work they do that several times a day. The work there is survival. there is survival.
VideosVideos China’s Role In the Darfur China’s Role In the Darfur http://http://
www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=uL9r5DYK54s=uL9r5DYK54s
National Islamic Front - Short Interview with Al-National Islamic Front - Short Interview with Al-Turabi discussing his views on Darfur. Turabi discussing his views on Darfur. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdWfKSrJ42o&http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdWfKSrJ42o&feature=fvwfeature=fvw
Multinational Companies of Sudan Multinational Companies of Sudan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uL9r5DYK54shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uL9r5DYK54s
September Laws September Laws http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=suQAk5TtEWc=suQAk5TtEWc
