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The essential signif icance of the appear ance ofMuhammad is the crystallization of a new experienceof the divine, which welded all those who shared itinto a new kind of community. The ef fect of thisexperience on contemporary relationships is evidentand unmistakable in both languages and art. (1)
(1) Gus tave Edmund Von Gr unebaum, Cla s s ical Is lam: A
His tory, 600-1258.
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(New Testament) (Councils )
(Apostolic Fathers )
(Apoc rypha)
(Guten Burg)
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(Bible) (Encyclopaedia Americana)
History of Bible Fred Glad Stonb Bratton
USA
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... .This is the greatest divergence of traditions.
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There may be unbelievers and half believers amongMuslims, but I slamic civ i lization i s essentially abelieving civi lization and Eur ope essentiallyunbelieving. (1)
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(1) Mur ad Wahbah, Is lam and Civilization: Proceedings of the
Firs t In tern ational Is lamic Phi los ophy Con ference, Ai n
Shams Univer sity Pr ess, 1982, p. 5 .
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Michael H. Hart
The 100, A Ranking of the Most Influent ial persons in
History
My choice of M uhammad to lead the li st of theworld's most influential per sons may surpr ise somereaders and may be questioned by others, but he wasthe only man in history who was supremely successful
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on both the r eligious and secular levels despite ofhumble or igins, Muhammad founded and promulgatedone of the wor ld s great r eligions and becameimmensely effective political leader. Today, thirteencentur ies after his death, his inflence is still powerfuland pervasive.
It may init ially seem strange that M uhammad hasbeen r anked higher than Jesus. Ther e are twoprincipal reasons for that decision. First, Muhammadplayed a far more important role in the developmentof islam than that done by Jesus for Chr istianityFurthermore, Muhammad (unlike Jesus) was a secularas well as a religious leader. In fact, as the dr ivingforce behind the Arab conquests, he may well rank asthe most inflential political leader of all time.
It is this unparalleed combination of secular andreligious inflence which I feel entitles Muhammad tobe consider d the most inf luential single figur e inhuman history.
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A.J. Arberry
When he (Muhammad) died in 634, Islam was secureas the paramount religion and political system of allArab ia.(1)
From the Atlantic coast, to the borders of China thecall to prayer, in the tongue of Macca, rang out fromminar et, summoning the fai thful to p r ostr atethemselves to the Lord of the world . The r apidityspread of Islam, through extensive p rovinces whichhad long been Christian, is a crucial fact of history
(1) A.J. Ar ber r y, As pects of Is lamic Civilization, p. 11.
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which has naturally engaged the speculative allousionof many cr itical investigator.(1)
(1) A.J. Ar ber r y, As pect of Is lamic Civilization, p. 12.
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26. A. J. Arberry, Aspects of Islamic Civilization. London
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1964.
27. Gustave Edmund V on Grunebaum, Clas sical Is lam : AHistory, 600-1258.
28. Murad Wahbah, Islam and Civilization: Proceedings ofthe First International Islamic Philosophy Conference,Ain Shams University Press, 1982.
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