i
CONTROLLED LANDFILL DESIGN BASED ON
SOLID WASTE GENERATION ANALYSIS
IN IPB CAMPUS DRAMAGA
ANDITA DWI SEFIANI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2016
ii
STATEMENT ABOUT UNDERGRADUATE THESIS AND
SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND COPYRIGHT
Hereby I declare my undergraduate thesis entitled Controlled Landfill
Design Based on Solid Waste Generation Analysis in IPB Campus Dramaga is my
original work under supervision of my advisor and has not been submitted in any
form to any universities. The information source which has been cited from
published and unpublished work from another writer has been mentioned in text
and has been included in reference page.
Hereby I bestow the copy right of my undergraduate thesis to Bogor
Agricultural University (IPB).
Bogor, July 2016
Andita Dwi Sefiani
NIM F44120047
iii
ABSTRACT
ANDITA DWI SEFIANI. Controlled Landfill Design Based on Solid Waste
Generation Analysis in IPB Campus Dramaga. Supervised by ARIEF SABDO
YUWONO.
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) is only managing the transportation of
solid waste to open dump without provide a proper final disposal site. Therefore,
controlled landfill needs to be built in IPB. The objectives of this research were to
calculate the solid waste generation, to determine the controlled landfill location,
to design a proper controlled landfill, and to calculate the discharge of leachate.
The method to measure the solid waste generation refered to SNI-19-3964-1994.
Furthermore, the determination of controlled landfill location refered to SNI 03-
3241-1994 and Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum RI by using ArcGIS 9.3.
Controlled landfill was designed using AutoCad 2010 and the discharge of the
leachate was calculated using rainfall data from Dramaga Weather Station. IPB
solid waste generation in 2016 were 15 m3/day. The biggest composition of solid
waste was plastic. The proper location for controlled landfill was land A. The
capacity of controlled landfill for 20 years is 122,523 m3
with area 110 x 107 x 10
m and slope 30%. The landfill will be covered by compacted clay and
geomembrane as liners. Leachate discharge was about 4x10-3
m3/s.
Keywords: controlled landfill, IPB campus, leachate, solid waste, waste
generation.
ABSTRAK
ANDITA DWI SEFIANI. Desain Controlled Landfill Berdasarkan Analisis
Timbulan Sampah di Kampus IPB Dramaga. Dibimbing oleh ARIEF SABDO
YUWONO.
Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) hanya mengatur tata cara pengangkutan
sampah ke tempat pembuangan akhir sampah tanpa menyediakan tempat
pembuangan sampah yang sesuai standar. Oleh karena itu, controlled landfill
perlu dibangun di IPB. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghitung timbulan sampah,
menentukan lokasi controlled landfill, mendesain controlled landfill yang sesuai,
dan menghitung debit lindi. Metode pengukuran timbulan sampah sesuai dengan
SNI-19-3964-1994. Selanjutnya, penentuan lokasi controlled landfill ditentukan
berdasarkan SNI 03-3241-1994 dan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum RI
dengan aplikasi ArcGIS 9.3. Desain controlled landfill dilakukan menggunakan
AutoCad 2010 dan debit lindi dihitung berdasarkan data curah hujan dari stasiun
cuaca Dramaga. Timbulan sampah di IPB pada tahun 2016 sebesar 15 m3/hari.
Komposisi sampah terbanyak adalah plastik. Lokasi yang sesuai untuk controlled
landfill adalah lahan A. Kapasitas controlled landfill selama 20 tahun sebesar
122,523 m3
dengan ukuran 110 x 107 x 10 m dan kemiringan 30%. Controlled
landfill akan dilapisi dengan tanah liat dan geomembrane sebagai liners dan debit
lindi yang diperoleh sebesar 4 x10-3
m3/dt.
Kata kunci: controlled landfill, kampus IPB, lindi, sampah padat, timbulan
sampah.
iv
CONTROLLED LANDFILL DESIGN BASED ON
SOLID WASTE GENERATION ANALYSIS
IN IPB CAMPUS DRAMAGA
ANDITA DWI SEFIANI
Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted as a compliment of the requirement for degree of
Sarjana Teknik
at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
DEPARMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2016
vi
PREFACE
Praise Allah SWT because of His grace and mercy, this undergraduate thesis
entitled “Controlled Landfill Design Based on Solid Waste Generation Analysis in
IPB Campus Dramaga” could be finished. This study was conducted since
February until May 2016 in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Campus.
I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Ir. Arief Sabdo Yuwono, M.Sc for
his valuable guidance and help throughout my final undergraduate thesis.
Specially, I want to thanks Dr. Ir. Meiske Widyarti, M.Eng and Joana F.
Tampubolon, S.T, M.T as my examiner. Thanks to my parents and my brother,
Budi Wiyono, Ida Farida, and Irfan Adi Pratomo for their support and
encouragement. Also, thanks to Arum, Rika, Andini, Naura, Yoga, Ario, Uno,
Hamzah, Fajar R, Ade, Fatma, Ridwan, Alfandias and all of my friends at Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department 2012. I hope everybody that related
with this research could give suggestion, feedback, and constructive solution to
develop this undergraduate thesis. Hopefully this study could be helpful.
Bogor, July 2016
Andita Dwi Sefiani
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF APPENDIX viii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background 1
Problems 2
Objectives of Research 2
Benefits of Research 2
Scopes of Research 2
RESEARCH METHODS 2
Location and Time 2
Tools and materials 2
Research Procedures 3
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 7
Solid Waste Generation Analysis 7
Controlled Landfill Design 9
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 11
Conclusion 11
Suggestion 12
REFERENCES 12
APPENDIX 15
BIOGRAPHY 21
viii
LIST OF TABLES
1 Total occupant in research venue 7
2 Generation from each type of solid waste in IPB 7
3 Solid waste generation in IPB 8
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Research procedure 3
2 Solid waste measurement and collection procedure 4
3 Determination of controlled landfill location 6
4 Fraction of solid waste 9
5 Unused land map of IPB 10
LIST OF APPENDIX
1 Research documentation 15
2 Site plan of solid waste management in IPB 16
3 Layout of Controlled Landfill Design 17
4 Controlled Landfill Design Section A-A 18
5 Leachate pipeline design 19
6 Gas ventilation pipeline 20
1
INTRODUCTION
Background
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) is one of the universities which now
implementing green campus program. IPB has conducted several things to
implement this program, such as improving of garden landscape, limiting of
vehicle, providing and using public transportation as a main transportation in IPB
Campus Dramaga. Whereas, IPB has been managing solid waste transportation
for open dumping without providing a proper final disposal site.
Waste management practice in IPB is characterized by open dump and
burning waste beside the river. They can pollute the surface water (such as rivers
and lakes), groundwater, and air as a result of the decomposition of waste
received at the final disposal site (Ghazali et al. 2014). They also can pose an
epidemic risk because of the development of harmful microorganisms which can
be spread by animals foraging at the final disposal (Mesjasz-Lech 2014).
Recent condition shows that the development of open dump at least needs
some suggestions to protect the environment itself (Fauziah and Agamuthu 2012).
A landfill is an area of land onto or into which waste is deposited. Landfill aims to
avoid any contact between the waste and the surrounding environment,
particularly the groundwater (Naraya 2008). Landfill was supposed to be a public
facilities or campus facilities that provide the internal and external community
around campus to minimize the emission of solid waste (Kawung and Tamod
2009).
Based on Peraturan Menteri PU RI No 03/PRT/M/2013 (Kemen PU 2013), at
disposal process there is not only dumping process. There are 4 main activities
that should be done. They are separating of solid waste, recycling of inorganic
solid waste, composting of organic solid waste, and pilling up the residue of solid
waste from the previous process in landfill area. The landfill should be fulfilled
with buffering zone and at the end the process should be done by sanitary landfill
for big town and by controlled landfill for medium or small town. Therefore,
controlled landfill needs to be built in IPB based on Peraturan Menteri PU RI No
03/PRT/M/2013 that could prevent environmental impacts from the waste final
disposal for short and long terms.
However, the ability of various solid waste management systems given has to
achieve optimal effectiveness and cost efficiency. This is highly dependent on the
demographic, organization, economic, social and technological conditions of the
region and/or country (Fauziah and Agamuthu 2012; Mesjasz-Lech 2014). The
determination of waste composition becomes a critical factor when considering
sustainable landfilling practices. Besides that, leachate is generated in a landfill as
a consequence of the contact of water with solid waste (Yusoff et al. 2013).
Therefore, the solid waste composition, solid waste generation, and the leachate
discharge were needed to determine in this research for the controlled landfill
estimation.
2
Problems
Main problem on this study is waste management practices in IPB is
characterized by open dump and burning waste beside the river. The diverse solid
waste and leachate could go to the river or aquifer. Therefore, the problems that
should be discussed on this research were:
1. The solid waste generation and composition in IPB
2. Appropriate location for controlled landfill
3. The capacity of controlled landfill
4. Relation of controlled landfill capacity and leachate.
Objectives of Research
Based on the problems, the objectives of research were:
1. To calculate the solid waste generation
2. To determine the controlled landfill location
3. To design a proper controlled landfill
4. To calculate the discharge of leachate.
Benefits of Research
The advantages of this research were as follows:
1. To provide information about solid waste generation that should be managed by
authority of IPB
2. As a suggestion to IPB for controlled landfill implementation
3. Design of controlled landfill could be a model that can be used widely.
Scopes of Research
The scopes on this research were:
1. Analysis of solid waste at IPB Campus Dramaga
2. This research focuses on controlled landfill design without closure plan
3. Design of controlled landfill will be conducted using GIS application and
AutoCad application.
RESEARCH METHODS
Location and Time
This study was conducted in Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga, Bogor
Regency. Collecting data were conducted since February until April 2016.
Tools and materials
Tools that used in this study were trash bags (diameter 33 cm), measuring
tape, balance, and container. Furthermore, materials that used in this study were
solid waste of IPB, Google Earth, ArcGIS 9.3, and AutoCad 2010.
3
Research Procedures
The procedure of this study includes the study of literature, primary and
secondary data collection, and data processing. Secondary data were IPB
characteristic data includes the number of students and employees, soil type, rain
intensity, and spatial map.
Figure 1 Research procedure
Primary data measurement includes solid waste generation data.
Measurement of the primary data analysis includes solid waste collection and
measurement carried out by methods from SNI 19-3964-1994 (BSN 1994b).
Meanwhile, method of design of controlled landfill based on Peraturan Menteri
Start
Secondary data
1. Total amount of IPB’s Student
2. Soil type in IPB
3. Spatial map of IPB
4. Climatology data
Literature study
Collecting the data
Designing the controlled
landfill
Determining the controlled
landfill location
Finish
Primary Data
Solid waste
generation
Calculate the leachate
discharge
4
Pekerjaan Umum Republik Indonesia No 03/PRT/M/2013 (Kemen PU 2013), and
SNI-03-3241-1994 (BSN 1994a), and Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia
No. 81 Tahun 2012 (PRI 2012). The research procedure can be seen at Figure 1.
Solid Waste Generation Analysis
According to SNI-19-3964-1994 (BSN 1994b), the solid waste measurement
and collection was done respectively for eight days for each place. There were
seven venues that used as research venue; these are Andi Hakim Nasoetion
Building, Postgraduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Female
Dormitories, and Male Dormitories. The procedure of solid waste generation
analysis can be seen at Figure 2 (BSN 1994b).
Figure 2 Solid waste measurement and collection procedure
In this study, there were twice measurements in a day at two different places.
Therefore the required time to finish the measurements of waste generation was
about 32 days (only weekday) or two months. Solid waste was collected before
measured. Solid waste collection was come from the offices, classrooms,
cafeteria, and kitchen. Then, solid waste have to separated based on the type of
waste, that is organic (compostable) and inorganic waste (non-compostable).
Compostable wastes include foliage, fruit, wood, and food waste. While non-
compostable wastes include plastic, paper, styrofoam, glass, and cans. Organic
waste is a solid waste that can easily decompose or degraded by them self.
After solid waste generation already known, especially non-compostable
waste generation, the capacity of landfill could be estimated and controlled
collection conducted for
8 daysSolid waste
collection conducted for
8 daysSolid waste
collection conducted for
8 days
Solid waste
separation waste
separation Solid waste
separation
Start
Finish
Compostable
(Organic) Non-compostable
(Inorganic)
Measure the volume
and mass of solid
waste
5
landfill design planning could be designed. Otherwise, the compostable waste can
be composted. Based on Chantou et al. (2013), in Tunisia the great variability in
the MSW composition depending on seasons and locations, but seasons do not
have a great impact on the MSW generation.
Controlled Landfill Design
Determining a waste disposal location was an extensive evaluation process in
order to identify the best available disposal location. This location must comply
with the requirements of governmental regulations and at the same time
economic, environmental, health and social costs must be minimized. The site
selection procedure, however, should ensure that the outcome of the process was
acceptable by most of the stakeholders. Therefore, determination of waste
disposal location generally requires processing of a variety of spatial data
(Sumathi et al. 2007).
Waste disposal site in this study was controlled landfill. According to Mizwar
(2012) and Wahyudi et al. (2009), the determination of controlled landfill location
can be done by the application of geographic information system (GIS). GIS has a
significant role to locate the waste disposal sites. The potential advantage of a
GIS-based approach for determining the location arises from the fact that it need
less time and cost to select the site, and also provides a digital data bank for long-
term monitoring of the site (Sumathi et al. 2007). The method for determine the
landfill location can be seen at Figure 3 (BSN 1994a, Mizwar 2012, Wahyudi et
al. 2009). After obtaining a suitable place, then the planning of landfill location
map and the distribution of other public facilities in the landfill area can be
planned.
Furthermore, the estimation of leachate discharge can be calculated by
rational method (Sosrodarsono and Takeda 2003 in Girsang 2008):
(1)
Where:
Q = leachate discharge estimation (m3/s)
C = flow factor (0.20-0.30)
I = rainfall intensity (mm/h)
A = landfill area (km2)
Based on the estimation from Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum RI
No.03/PRT/M/2013 (Kemen PU 2013), the concentrated time was 4 hour and only
20% - 30% rainfall could flow and turned into leachate, so the flow factor of
leachate was 0.20-0.30. Otherwise, the rain intensity could be calculated by
mononobe method. According to Darwati (2012), data sampling shows that the
percentage of CH4 of semi aerobic landfill should be < 20% and the percentage of
CH4 of anaerobic landfill should be > 50%. So, the ventilation of gas in this
research was needed, but only aims to release the gas. Extracted leachate must be
treated appropriately prior to discharge to the environment. More commonly,
leachate storage was provided on site (e.g., using ponds or tanks).
In some cases, leachate was stored prior to subsequent transport offsite for
treatment, though in some cases treatment operations are included on site
(Townsend et al. 2015). Every landfill has an operational lifetime which can be
6
predicted by its capacity and waste quantity which deposited into it. The easier
visualized layering introduced into a sanitary landfill by the presence of soil cover
layers (Blight 2008).
Figure 3 Determination of controlled landfill location
Spatial data collected and
measurement solid waste
Install ArcGIS 9.3
scoring based on regional
eligibility criteria (SNI-03-
3241-1994)
scoring based on
elimination criteria
(SNI-03-3241-1994)
scoring by overlay method
from previous map of IPB.
Thematic map Landsat ETM
Comparing with
regional eligibility criteria
and elimination criteria
suitable Not suitable
Finish
Start
Find
another
place
Controlled landfill
design
7
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Solid Waste Generation Analysis
Solid waste is a by-product of human activity and featured in such prospects:
a wide source, a complex collection and transport processing system and so on
(Sucipto 2012; Lei et al. 2012). The solid wastes that have been measured in IPB
were come from the building, terrace, and boulevard street. Solid waste from
garden, park, and forest was not necessary to measured.
Table 1 Total occupant in research venue
No
Place
Occupant
(capita)
1 AHN Building 649
2 Postgraduate school 5,610
3 Faculty of Agricultural Technology 1,848
4 Faculty of Forestry 1,574
5 Faculty of Veterinary 898
6 Boy Dormitories 1,457
7 Girl Dormitories 2,182
Based on the measurement, the solid waste generation from each place, the
density of solid waste, and the percentage of solid waste have been known.
Human Resources Department in IPB (personal information) showed that the
number of students, employees, and lecturers are 26,392 capita per December
2015 with student growth about 4% per year. The total occupant in research venue
can be seen at Table 1.
Table 2 Generation from each type of solid waste in IPB
No Place
Solid waste generation ( x10-3
m3/capita/day)
Plastic Papers Styrofoam Aluminium Organic
1 AHN Building 0.52 0.47 0.13 0.00 0.38
2 Postgraduate School 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.003
3
Faculty of Agricultural
Engineering and
Technology
0.18 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.08
4 Faculty of Forestry 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.12
5 Faculty of Veterinary 0.14 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.24
6 Male Dormitories 0.20 0.13 0.04 0.02 0.03
7 Female Dormitories 0.40 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.03
Average (x10-3
m3/capita/day) 0.22 0.14 0.03 0.005 0.13
8
Based on Table 2, the solid waste generation for each type of solid waste can
be known. Plastic wastes have the highest solid waste generation, which is
0.22x10-3
m3/capita/day. Otherwise, aluminium wastes have the lowest solid
waste generation, which is 0.005 x10-3
m3/capita/day.
Furthermore, in Table 3, solid waste generation from each place showed that
the highest solid waste generation with unit m3/capita/day was in Andi Hakin
Nasoetion Building and the lowest solid waste generation with unit m3/capita/day
was in Postgraduate School. But then, based on the number of occupant, the solid
waste generation in each place can be known with unit m3/day. The highest solid
waste generation with unit m3/day was in Female Dormitories and the lowest solid
waste generation with unit litre1day
-1 was in Postgraduate School.
So, individually AHN Building produced the highest amount of waste but
for communally, Female Dormitories produced the highest amount of waste. For
the whole IPB, the solid waste generation is 0.53x10-3
m3/capita/day. The research
venue was chosen based on the condition of Bogor Agricultural University. This
university consist of many class room and administration room. So, the chosen
place was the biggest administration room, which is AHN Building and faculty
building.
Table 3 Solid waste generation in IPB
No Place
Occupant Total Solid waste generation
(capita)
x10-3
(m3/capita/day)
x10-3
(m3/day)
1 AHN Building 649 1.50 976
2 Postgraduate school 5,610 0.04 249
3 Faculty of Agricultural Engineering
and Technology 1,848 0.33 601
4 Faculty of Forestry 1,574 0.27 419
5 Faculty of Veterinary 898 0.50 452
6 Male Dormitories 1,457 0.42 613
7 Female Dormitories 2,182 0.62 1362
Average 0.53 667
The percentage of solid waste at Figure 4 showed that the biggest percentage
of solid waste was plastic waste, which is 42%. Otherwise, the lowest percentage
of solid waste was aluminium, which is 1%. Furthermore, based on the
measurement, the highest solid waste density was organic waste (609 kg/m3) and
the lowest solid waste density was styrofoam (10 kg/m3). The organic waste have
high quantity mass but low quantity volume, then the aluminium and the
styrofoam have low quantity mass with high quantity volume.
The solid waste treatment, such as plastic treatment and paper treatment was
not available in IPB. So, all of the solid waste but organic waste will be put into
the controlled landfill and specify as non-compostable things. Otherwise, the
organic waste that compostable would be put into the composting installation that
available in a few places in IPB. Therefore, the solid waste generation of non-
compostable wastes was 0.40 x10-3
m3/capita/day and the solid waste generation
9
for compostable wastes was 0.13 x10-3
m3/capita/day. The percentage of non-
compostable wastes was 76% and the percentage of compostable wastes was 24%.
So, in 2016 the solid waste generation in IPB which come from employee,
student, and lecturer (26,392 capita) and from lecturer residence (564 capita) was
15m3/day.
Figure 4 Fraction of solid waste
In this research, the controlled landfill planned for 20 years. Based on the
calculation, the amount of non-compostable solid waste in IPB until 20 years later
is 112,230 m3 with 4% student growth per year. Besides that, IPB also have
lecturer residents, which has 141 households and every household have 4
members as an assumption. So, there are 564 capita in lecturer residents while
each capita produce 2.5 x10-3
m3/capita/day
based on SNI 3242-2008 (BSN 2008).
Therefore, the amount of solid waste in IPB until 20 years later is 122,523 m3.
Controlled Landfill Design
Final disposal development supposed to be the facility that is used for waste
final treatment (Mizwar 2012). Landfills are engineered disposal facilities, which
can isolate solid waste from surroundings in order to minimize public health and
environmental impacts (Tang et al. 2015). Landfills managing either waste stream
require sustainable practices to promote safe waste stabilization and control of
emissions (Townsend et al. 2015). Therefore, controlled landfill design should
build in IPB.
The location of IPB Campus Dramaga was between 06°32’41” - 06°33’58” S
and 106°42’47” - 106°44’07” W. IPB Campus was located between two rivers:
Ciapus River in the North and Cihideung River in the West. Figure 5 showed that
there are 3 unused lands (bare land) in IPB Campus Dramaga. This unused land
(land A, B, C) has not been proposed yet as an agricultural land, building, or
garden. Land A is far from resident and from campus activity, with surface of
27.91 ha. Land B is near male dormitories and resident, with surface of 12.26 ha.
Then, land C is near resident and main gate of IPB, with surface of 8.7 ha.
42%
27%
6%
1 %
24%
Plastic
Papers
Styrofoam
Aluminium
Organic
10
After the location was scored based on SNI 03-3241-1994 (BSN 1994a), the
score for land A is 698, the score for land B is 614, and the score for land C is
654. Therefore, the chosen location is land A because this land is far from
residents and campus activity. Land B cannot be chosen because the location is
near male dormitories (the occupant > 300 capita), the buffer zone is limited, and
the landfill can be seen from public area. Meanwhile, land C cannot be chosen
because the location is near the traffic, the buffer zone is limited, and the landfill
can be seen from public area. Land A can be seen at Figure 5.
Figure 5 Unused land map of IPB
Based on soil taxonomy USDA classification system, almost all soil around
the new building in IPB (gymnasium tennis field, common laboratory, and
forestry arboretum) were classified as hapludults. Otherwise, based on Soil
Research Centre (1983) in Environmental Evaluation Document of IPB (IPB
2015), the type of the soil is latosol haplik. Latosol haplik is soil with the
percentage of clay > 60 %, crumbs till clump, uniform color of soil, hazy horizon
line, deep solum (> 150 cm), saturated base < 50 %, and have epipedon umbrik
and kambik horizon.
Besides that, based on geo-electric research (IPB 2001), the deep of confined
aquifer is 50-70 m and unconfined aquifer is 10-20 m. It means the landfill can be
built in this land. Because, land will be excavated 5 m deep and will be dumped
with soil for 5 m, so the deep of landfill is 10 m. But, hydraulic conductivity is
1x10-3
- 4x10-2
cm/s which is more than 10
-6 cm/s. So, it need a strategy to prevent
the soil and water contamination.
In this research, geomembrane and compacted clay will be used as liners
below the controlled landfill to protect soil and water from leachate. Several types
of liners are usually applied including compacted clay liners (CCLs), geo-
Land A
Land B
Land C
11
synthetic clay liners (GCLs), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) (Tang et al.
2015). The most common one for landfill bottom liner is high-density
polyethylene (HDPE). Site plan of solid waste management in IPB can be seen at
Appendix 2.
Controlled landfill is designed for 20 years. Based on solid waste generation,
the amount of solid waste in IPB until 20 years later is 122,523 m3. So, the
capacity of controlled landfill will be the same. The area of controlled landfill
design is 110 x 107 x 10 m with slope 30%. The calculation of control landfill
area is using trapezoid volume formula. The disadvantage of landfill is using a lot
of land and if it is not deal properly it will cause secondary pollution. Otherwise,
the advantage of landfill are lower investment, simple technology implementation,
the standards are already fix and persistent, high processing capacity, recycling
biogas, and operation cost are low (Lei et al. 2012).
The controlled landfill can produce leachate. Leachate production is a result
of rainfall and of surface water or groundwater entry into the landfill site (Naraya
2008). After the water came into the landfill, leachate can contain dissolved
organic matter, inorganic macro components, metals and xenobiotic organic
compounds because the decomposition of wastes (Christensen et al. 2001 in
Oliveira et al. 2014).
Therefore, leachate discharge is calculated by using rainfall data from
Dramaga Weather Station. Based on the calculation of rainfall data from 2004-
2013, the average of rainfall intensity in 20 years period is 21 mm/hour. So, the
discharge of leachate is 4 x10-3
m3/s based on Equation 1. Therefore, only 4 row
of pipes is needed to flow the leachate into the leachate treatment. The diameter of
pipe is 90 mm with 2% slope of the surface to flow the leachate into the pipe
(Kemen PU 2013). Every week, this landfill will be covered with soil. The
thickness of the soil is 15 cm.
Besides that, landfilling technology involves the followings: (1) only
permissible contents of waste will be landfilled; (2) controlled placement and
adequate compaction of waste; (3) prevention of leachate contaminating soil,
surface and groundwater; (4) management of landfill gas to reduce greenhouse
effect; (5) systematic environmental monitoring and control facilities; and (6)
properly closure before and after landfilling (Yusoff et al. 2013). The scope of this
research is only focused on controlled landfill design, so this research did not
discuss about the management and maintenance of landfill. Hopefully, the
management of landfill can more discuss in the further research to improve the
landfill design.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
Conclusions of the research of controlled landfill design based on solid waste
generation in IPB Campus Dramaga are:
1. The solid waste generation of non-compostable wastes was 0.40 x10-3
m3/capita/day and the solid waste generation for compostable wastes was
0.13x10-3
m3/capita/day. Therefore, IPB solid waste generation in 2016 which
12
come from employee, student, and lecturer (26,392 capita) and from lecturer
residence (564 capita) was 15m3/day. Furthermore, the biggest composition of
solid waste was plastic.
2. The proper location for controlled landfill is land A.
3. The solid waste generation in IPB until 20 years later is 122,523 m3 with
student growth about 4% per year. Therefore, the volume of landfill is
122,523 m3. The area of controlled landfill is 110 x 107 x 10 m and slope
30%. Geomembrane and compacted clay (30 cm) will be used as liners below
the controlled landfill.
4. The rainfall intensity is 21 mm/hour and the discharge of leachate is 4 x10-3
m3/s. So, the controlled landfill needs 4 row of pipe to flow the leachate into
the leachate treatment.
Suggestion
The effectiveness of this controlled landfill should be concerned.
Furthermore, the other solid waste management design, such as leachate
treatment, plastic treatment, landfill gas treatment, and cover landfill design
should be design to complete the solid waste management in IPB. So, IPB
Campus Dramaga can improve the green campus program.
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15
Appendix 1 Research documentation
Solid waste generation in Faculty of
Forestry
Solid waste generation in Female
Dormitory
Solid waste generation in Faculty of
Veterinary
Solid waste generation in AHN
Building
Solid waste generation in Faculty of
Agricultural Engineering and
Technology
Solid waste generation in
Postgraduate School
16
Appendix 2 Site plan of solid waste management in IPB
1 : 45
Site Plan Solid Waste
Management IPB
Controlled Landfill
Design
Parking
Area Office
Treatment
Leachate Leachate
flow
17
Appendix 3 Layout of Controlled Landfill Design
18
Appendix 4 Controlled Landfill Design Section A-A
19
Appendix 5 Leachate pipeline design
20
Appendix 6 Gas ventilation pipeline
21
BIOGRAPHY
Author was born in Bekasi, 11st September 1993 from
a couple of Mr. Budi Wiyono and Mrs. Ida Farida. Author is
the second child of two children. In 2005, author graduated
from SD Bani Saleh 4, Bekasi. Furthermore, in 2008, author
graduated from SMP Seroja Bekasi and continued her study
to higher level at SMK Analis Kimia SMAKBO Bogor.
Author graduated from SMK Analis Kimia SMAKBO Bogor
in 2012. After that, author passed the selection to Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor
Agricultural University (IPB).
During her study, author becomes an assistant of Fluid Mechanics in
2014/2015 and also Groundwater and Soil Pollution in 2015/2016. In non-
academic activity, author was active in Pencak Silat Merpati Putih (Indonesia’s
Martial Art) as Secretary of Division of Education and Training in 2013/2014,
Student Executive Board of Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
in 2013/2014, as staff of career development department, and “IPB Mengajar” in
2013/2015, as teacher and manager of public relation.
Author had done internship in TPST Bantargebang Bekasi from July until
August 2015. Furthermore, author had won several awards in scientific events,
such as 1st winner of National Scientific Writing Competition DEDIKASI 2013
“Desain Kawasan Navigasi Sungai” (Design of River Navigation Area), top 18
finalist of Go Green in the City, International Competition from Schneider
Electric 2014, and runner up of Hydrogen Student Design Contest 2016. Author
also known as IPB’s representative in several International event, such as
International Workshop on Climate Change 2015 in Malaysia, and The Hokkaido
Indonesian Student Association Scientific Meeting in Japan.
