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PROCESSES OF
FORGETTINGAND MEMORY
DISTORTION
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HAVE YOU ALREADYFORGOT
SOMETHING?or someone?
Do you know how and why iha!!"n"d?
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L"#$
P%ay&
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In$'u(ion$)Fo' "*a+!%")
N , -Th"n) You wi%% (oun .a(kwa'd$ .yh'""
/01 //2 ///
No" ha3 you +u$ $ay ou %oud a%% h"$" hin4$5
Can you '"(a%% h" 'i4'a+ !'"$"n"d a whi%" a4o?
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L"#$ Sa'&
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Fo' 6$"(ond$55
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7
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8
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F
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Fo' ;$"(ond$55
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S
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<
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D
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Fo' =$"(ond$55
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T
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R
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L
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Fo' >$"(ond$55
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V
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P
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Fo' >0$"(ond$55
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R
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:
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N
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Fo' >@$"(ond$55
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9
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,
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START COUNTING9AC,:ARDS 9Y THREE
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RECALL THE
TRIGRAM
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Th" "*!"'i+"n(oninu"$ u! o
>@ $"(ond$in"'a%
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Th"'" a'" wo +o$w"%%Bknown h"o'i"$)
In"'"'"n(" Th"o'y
D"(ay Th"o'y
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In"'"'"n("Th"o'yB R""'$ o h" i"w ha
o'4"in4 o((u'$ ."(au$" '"(a%%o ("'ain wo'd$ in"'"'"$ wih'"(a%% o oh"' wo'd$5B :h"n n"w ino'+aion (au$"$ u$
o o'4" $o+"hin4
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9'ownBP""'$on Ta$k
Ai+) To in"$i4a" h" du'aion oh" $ho'B"'+ +"+o'y
Findin4$) Th" %on4"' h" in"'a%d"%ay h" %"$$ 'i4'a+$ w"'" '"(a%%"d5
On h"i' "*!"'i+"n3 !a'i(i!an$ w"'"a.%" o '"(a%% @1 o 'i4'a+$ a"' a 6
$"(ond$ d"%ay5 How""'3 a"' >@ $"(ond$%"$$ han >1 o 'i4'a+$ w"'" '"(a%%"d(o''"(%y5
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Th" !u'!o$" o hain4 h"
!a'i(i!an$ (oun .a(kwa'd wa$ o!'""n h"+ 'o+ '"h"a'$in4 du'in4h" '""nion in"'a%5
Retention interval is the time betweenthe presentation of the last letter andthe start of the recall phase of theexperiment trial.
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V"'.a% ino'+aion wou%d in"'"'"on%y wih "'.a% wo'd$ +"+o'y5$"'ia% !'o("$$in4
V"'.a% :o'kin4 M"+o'y B '""'$ o h""+!o'a'y +ain"nan(" and +ani!u%aiono "'.a% ino'+aion
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TWO KINDSOF
INTERFERENCE
R"'oa(i"in"'"'"n("
P'oa(i"in"'"'"n("
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Retroactive
InterferenceWhen newly acquired knowledgeimpedes the recall of older
materialIno%"$ Un%"a'nin4Pa$ O%d ino? 9%u''y3 Fadin43 in"''u!"d
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OLDINFORMATION
NE:INFORMATION
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PAST
PRESENT
You a%'"ady
MOVED ON
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ProactiveInterferenceWhen past impedes the learningof the new material.
ino%"$ '"%"a'nin4P'"$"n N"w ino? 9%u''y3 Fadin43in"''u!"d3 ha'd o '"(a%%O%d ino? Can ." +i*"d u! o !'"$"non"$5
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OLDINFORMATION
NE:INFORMATION
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PAST
PRESENT
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:hy?
O%d +"+o'i"$ k""! on Ja$hin4.a(k5You w"'" u$"d o h" !a$
$"in4 'ah"' han h"!'"$"n5O' "%$"3
O%d +"+o'i"$ wi%% +i*"d on
h" n"w on"$5
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P'oa(i" in"'"'"n("4"n"'a%%y ha$ $'on4"' "K"($in o%d"' adu%$ 'ah"' han
youn4"' !"o!%"WHY?
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P'oa(i" in"'"'"n(" $""+$o ." a$$o(ia"d wiha(iaion in h" 'ona%
(o'"*5A(ia"$ 9'od+ann a'"a /0LH
Findin4$ $u44"$ ha9'od+ann a'"a /0 i$ %ik"%yino%"d in h" .indin4 i"+$
ino +"anin4u% 4'ou!$5
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Schema
M"na% 'a+"wo'k$ ha'"!'"$"n know%"d4" in a
+"anin4u% wayS" o ."%i"$ o' "*!"(aion$.a$"d on !'io' "*!"'i"n("
E*5 S"%Bid"niy3 $"'"oy!"$
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THE SERIALPOSITION
C!R"E
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DECAY
THEORYB A$$"'$ ha ino'+aion i$ o'4o"n ."(au$"
o h" 4'adua% di$a!!"a'an("3 'ah"' handi$!%a("+"n
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RecentPro#e
Ta$%Pa'i(i!an$ a'" $hown ou' a'4" wo'd$N"*3 !a'i(i!an$ a'" !'"$"n"d wih a!'o." wo'dPa'i(i!an$ d"(id" wh"h"' o' no h"!'o." wo'd i$ id"ni(a% o on" o h" ou'a'4" wo'd$5
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Recent Positive(a member of thecurrent trial training set and the
preceding trial training set)Recent Negative(a member of the
preceding trial training set but not thecurrent trial training set)Non-recent Positive(a member of thecurrent trial training set but not the
preceding trial training set)Non-recent Negative(not a memberof the current trial training set or the
preceding trial training set)
RecentPro#e
Ta$%
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Intertria' interva' h" i+" ."w""n h"!'"$"naion o on" $" o a'4" wo'd$$u."( o d"(ay in +"+o'yB a+oun o i+" ."w""n $"!a'a" 'ia%$ in%"a'nin4 $udi"$
Re$earcher$ have fo(n)*
D"(ay on%y had a '"%ai"%y $+a%% "K"( ono'4"in4 in $ho'B"'+ +"+o'y
In"'"'"n(" ha$ a $'on4"' "K"( In"'"'"n(" a%$o aK"($ +a"'ia% in LTM3
%"adin4 o +"+o'y di$o'ion