Transcript
Page 1: CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present)

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CITIZENSHIPAND THE CONSTITUTION

(1787–PRESENT)Chapter 9

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The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following powers:

BALANCE OF POWER

Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

o Delegated powers – federal government

o Reserved powers – state governmento Concurrent powers – shared by state

and federal governmento Representative Democracy- govt. led

by elected officialso Elastic Clause -allows congress to

make laws that are “necessary and proper”

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SECTION 1Understanding the Constitution

Delegated Powers

ConcurrentPowers

Reserved Powers

• coining money

• providing for the nation’s defense• declaring war

• conducting diplomacy

• regulating interstate & international trade

• taxing• borrowing money• enforcing laws• providing for

citizens’ welfare

• conductingelections

• establishing local governments

• regulating education

• regulating trade within each state

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Montesquieu felt that the government should be divided into three branches: The legislative, executive, and judicial

He based his beliefs on the English system of Government

SEPARATION OF POWERS

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SEPARATION OF POWERS

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CHECKS AND BALANCES

Each branch of government should be able to check the other two

This would keep them in line, and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

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ROLE OF MONARCHS

Montesquieu was opposed to absolute monarchy

He felt that the monarch should be the head of the executive branch

One executive leader would be more effective than many

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LIBERTY

Montesquieu believed that there is no liberty if the powers aren’t separated

Also believed that women were NOT worthy of the same liberties as men

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EFFECTS ON THE MODERN WORLD

Inspired American form of government

For example, the separation of powers with a system of checks and balances was adopted

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3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENTCONGRESS, THE PRESIDENT, AND THE FEDERAL COURTS

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“Makes the law”Each of the two

houses of Congress was granted different powers. Each was also designed with different methods of election and different term lengths, making the House more receptive to public opinion and the Senate more stable.

CONGRESS-LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is electedSenate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents

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“Carries out the law”The President would be

chosen by a group of electors from each state. The candidate with the majority of votes in the electoral college, would become President. The President was granted the power to veto Congress and to appoint judges.

P O T U S & V P O T U SE X E C U T I V E B R A N C H

Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years

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• “Interpret the law”

• The Constitution calls for one Supreme Court and several lesser courts, although the details of the federal court system were intentionally left vague.

THE FEDERAL COURTS- JUDICIAL

appointed by president for life, no special requirements

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Legislative Branch House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S.

citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected

Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents

Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years

Judicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no special requirements

REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP

Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

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Section 2THE BILL OF RIGHTS

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The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition.

These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens.

MAIN FREEDOMS OUTLINED IN THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

Section 2: The Bill of Rights

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SECTION 2The Bill of Rights

FirstAmendment

Freedom of ReligionThe country cannot have an official religion.

Freedom of SpeechPeople cannot yell “Fire!” in a crowded theater.

Freedom to PetitionAny American can present a petition to a government official.

Freedom of the PressPeople cannot libel or slander others.

Freedom of AssemblyPeople can hold meetings.

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Second – state militiaThird – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime

Fourth – no unreasonable searches and seizures/search warrants

THE SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH AMENDMENTS ADDRESS COLONIAL

GRIEVANCES.

Section 2: The Bill of Rights

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5th Amendment – due process of law, indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardy

6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorney

THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED – 5TH, 6TH, 7TH, AND 8TH AMENDMENTS

Section 2: The Bill of Rights

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7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases

8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED – 5TH, 6TH, 7TH, AND 8TH AMENDMENTS

Section 2: The Bill of Rights(continued)

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birthnaturalization

BECOMING A U.S. CITIZEN

Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship

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fulfill civic responsibilitiesobey and know the lawsrespect authority and the

rights of otherspay taxesprotect the nation in time

of dangerserve on juries

DUTIES OF CITIZENS

Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship

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Citizens should be involved in their community and government to strengthe

n their nation

help their neighbors

VOTE

CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT

Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship

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SECTION 3Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

Organization Activities and ResultsCitizens on Patrol and Neighborhood Watch

patrol their neighborhood; report criminal activity to the police; help prevent crime; keep crime rates down in the neighborhood

American Red Cross

Habitat for Humanity

Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts

does jobs along with the government; helps citizens in times of natural disasters or emergencies

builds houses for low-income families

plan many projects for the community, such as planting trees

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Chapter Wrap-UpCHAPTER 9

1. How does the Constitution prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful? Be sure to consider all three branches of government.

2. Why is voting an important responsibility in a representative democracy?

3. In what ways does the U.S. government protect the rights of all Americans?


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