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CHETTINAD

Origin

Trade

Evolution

Settlement Character

Character of houses structure, Material

Exterior

Interior

Ornamental features & furnishings

Occasions

Conclusion


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ORIGIN

Located Predominantly in the area called

Chettinadu or Naattukottai Bhumi ,i.e., present day

districts of Sivaganga and Pudukottai, they took a leading

part in the trade and commerce not only within but also

ouside india especially Burma,Malaysia and other

South-East Asian countries.

Explanation of various sub-groups like

Illuppakkudi Nagarathar, Devokkottai Nagarathar,

Onbathu-Koil Nagarathar will be found interesting. They

made special endowments for creating or marinating

Maths, Feeding houses (Annachatram), Gosalas,Patasalas, Chatrams ( rest-houses for pilgrims), Tanks

and Ponds in many Pilgrim centres.


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Their services to education especially those of Raja Sir

Annamalai Chettiar (founder of the Annamalai

University), Alagappa Chettiar and Karumuthu

Thiagaraja Chettiar are noteworthy. Nagarathars

munificent patronage to the development of Tamil

Language and music and also to Tamil poets and

scholars are equally impressive.


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TRADE DEVELOPMENT

This enterprising community of businessmen saw

its bold men crossing the rough seas a century ago,

migrating to unknown and undeveloped lands. Jungle and

swamp,unknown oriental races, language, food, climate,

none of these deterred the Indian Chettiar gentleman, in

his determination to make a home and live in these

faraway lands. He was probably spurred on in his

endeavours by the fact that Chettinad, a dry and barren

region deep in Tamil Nadu, South India, offered no career

opportunities for him.


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TRADE DEVELOPMENT

The Chettiars went to the East, some as plantation

workers, while others as bankers. Gradually, this

community became wealthy. Having left families behind in

their native land, it was customary for the Chettiars to

make periodic visits home to preserve family ties, and to

build palatial homes.

These mansions stand out even today in the barren

region, a testimonial to riches, to the conglomeration of

various cultural influences and building styles. Above all,

the Chettiars indulged in immense ornamentation, with

Gods and Heroes, Ancestors, Flora and Fauna, all playing

a role in the decor.


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SETTLEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Its always grouped around a water body

The houses are created to suit the trade and banking

activities.

Most of the houses were aligned linearly to reach the

other side of the street

The storm water is let into the pond

The concept of microclimate is learned form their

ancestors.

Toilets are aligned on to the rear either separate or

attached


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CHETTINAD HOUSES

Chettinadu:96 villages distributed in Ramanathapuram,

Pudukottai and Trichy districts. These houses are built by

Nagarathars or the Nattukkotai Chettiar (one of the

Tamilndus mercantile groups)

Evolution of these house could be divided into four

periods:

1. Up to 1880

2. 1860-1920

3. 1920-1950

4. After 1950

Social aspect and security seem to have played an

important role in determining the form of these houses.


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DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSES:

1. UP TO 1880

It is a three partite unit with

the following Spaces:

Thinnai

Koodam

Mutram(Courtyard)


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2. 1880-1920

Vertical expansion one or two floors added

Building elements decorated

A front room called MUGAPPU between the outside

verandah and inside thinnai was added.

Kitchen area expanded so that a separate room could

be given to each of their married son for cooking


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3. 1920 1950

Paid attention to interior design, imported materials

were used.

British styled furnitures were found

Courtyards and halls multiplied important one was

the addition of dining hall added directly behind the

main courtyard.


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4. 1950 ONWARDS

Extensive decoration.

Addition of modern facilities such as Bath rooms etc.,

The basic parts of the chettiar houses are as follows:

Outer verandah for visitors.

Raised platforms in the front & back of the main

courtyard

Main courtyard with a series of double chamber on

either side of it along with the covered passage.

A second courtyard for cooking, eating and sleeping

of women

Secret cellars were kept at the interior acting as a strong

room

Some houses have courtyards in a staggered manner to

avoid vision to female areas


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KITCHEN

COURT YARD

VITU ROOMS

COURT

YARD


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CHETTINAD HOUSES- GENERAL FEATURES:

1. Rooms grouped around courtyards

2. Family occasions are planned in the court

3. The second court acts as semiprivate space and the

last for kitchen

4. Materials:

5. All have lovely teak, marble or granite pillars

supporting a spacious verandah, and the inner

courtyards, the domain of the sheltered women. The

Burma teak for these lathe turned pillars came fromthe forests of Myanmar (Burma) and Malaysia.

6. Laterite stone, lime mortar, egg while, palm sugar etc.,

7. Roof madras terrace, pitched roofs

8. Wooden columns with broad base and capitals are

remarkable.


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PLINTH

They raise their plinth to greater as the town is heard of

floods in past years. Other reason is high ground water

level.

STRUCTURE

1. Simple load bearing structure

2. 12 deep foundation is laid

3. Colored mosaic and stained glass windows are

found at high-level people

4. Cornice very immense run throughout to cover the

beams laid for the madras terrace roof.


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EXTERIOR

The exterior is completely ornamented with teak, glass and

tiles.

The traditional ornamentation details are used throughout

the exterior.

.


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RAISED PLATFORM IN THE FRON


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CONCLUSION

The basic style of architecture is that of traditional

Chettinad, while the construction material, decor items and

furnishings were mostly imported, from east Asian

countries.

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