The Chernobyl Disaster orThe Chernobyl Accident

Made By:-

1. Dehil Buddhdev (Roll No. :- 27 ; Semester :- 1’st ; Branch :- Textile Technology)2. Chintan Dhamelia (Roll No. :- 30 ; Semester :- 1’st ; Branch :- Textile Technology)3. Chirag Bansal (Roll No. :- 31 ; Semester :- 1’st ; Branch :- Textile Technology)

Sarvajanik College

of Engineering and

Technology

CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO CHERNOBYL WHAT IS NUCLEAR POWER? WHAT IS CHERNOBYL DISASTER? WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED? REASONS BEHIND IT CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR REACTOR BEFORE AND AFTER THE EXPLOSION RADIATION LEVELS DEALING WITH THE CONSEQUENCE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION DIRECT CASUALITIES AND INDIRECT CASUALITIES BELARUS AFTER CHERNOBYL EFFECT ON ECONOMY AROUND CHERNOBYL CHERNOBYL TODAY

INTRODUCTION TO CHERNOBYL:

Chernobyl disaster, accident in 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear

power station in the Soviet Union, the worst disaster in the history of nuclear power generation. The Chernobyl

power station was situated at the settlement of Prypyat, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of

the city of Chernobyl (Ukrainian: Chernobyl) and 65 miles (104 km) north of Kiev, Ukraine. The station consisted of four reactors, each capable of producing 1,000 megawatts of electric power; it had come

online in 1977–83.

WHAT IS NUCLEAR POWER?Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to

generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

WHAT IS CHERNOBYL DISASTER? The Chernobyl disaster was the worst

nuclear power plant accident in history in terms of cost and casualties. It is one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011.The struggle to safeguard against scenarios which were perceived as having the potential for greater catastrophe and the later decontamination efforts of the surroundings, ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles. During the accident 2 deaths occurred after the explosion and 29 firemen and employees died in the days-to-months afterward from acute radiation syndrome, with the potential for long-term cancers still being investigated.

WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED? During a hurried late night power-failure stress test, in which safety systems

were deliberately turned off, a combination of inherent reactor design flaws, together with the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the stress test, eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions that flashed water into steam generating a destructive steam explosion and a subsequent open-air graphite "fire", that created updrafts for 9 days lofting plumes of radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe.

CAUSES BEHIND IT:  Design errors Faults of management

and errors committed by the operating staff,

Political Pressure Inexperienced staff in

night shift Lack of right leader

CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR REACTOR BEFORE AND AFTER THE EXPLOSION:

RADIATION LEVELS: The radiation levels in the worst-hit areas of the reactor building have been

estimated to be 5.6 roentgens per second (R/s), equivalent to more than 20,000 roentgens per hour. A lethal dose is around 500 roentgens (~5 Gy) over 5 hours, so in some areas, unprotected workers received fatal doses in less than a minute. However, a dosimeter capable of measuring up to 1000 R/s was buried in the rubble of a collapsed part of the building, and another one failed when turned on. All remaining dosimeters had limits of 0.001 R/s and therefore read "off scale". Thus, the reactor crew could ascertain only that the radiation levels were somewhere above 0.001 R/s (3.6 R/h), while the true levels were much higher in some areas.

DEALING WITH THE CONSEQUENCE:

Soviet scientists reported that the Chernobyl 4 reactor contained about 190 metric tons of uranium dioxide fuel and fission products. An estimated 13 percent to 30 percent of this escaped into the atmosphere. Contamination from the accident scattered irregularly, depending on weather conditions. Reports from Soviet and western scientists indicate that Belarus received about 60 percent of the contamination that fell on the former Soviet Union. A large area in the Russian Federation south of Bryansk also was contaminated, as were parts of northwestern Ukraine.

Soviet authorities started evacuating people from the area around Chernobyl within 36 hours of the accident. In 1986, 115,000 local people were evacuated. The government subsequently resettled another 220,000 people.

EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION:

Fallout levels were very high right around explosion and affected all wildlife.

Red Forest- was a forest right by the plant was named this because plants had a red hue

after the explosion. These trees also died from the amount of radiation

they received

DIRECT CASUALITIES: 5.5 million people still live in

contaminated areas. 31 people died in 3 months of

radiation poisoning. 134 emergency workers suffered

from acute radiation sickness. 25,000 rescue workers died since

then of diseases caused by radiation.

Cancer afflicts many others. Increased birth defects,

miscarriages, and stillbirths.

INDIRECT CASUALITIES:

By the year 2000 there were 1800 case of thyroid cancer in children and adolescent

High number of suicide and violent death among Firemen, policemen, and other recovery workers

BELARUS AFTER CHERNOBYL:

Many Cities were abandoned in Belarus due to Chernobyl Explosion Radiations.

EFFECT ON ECONOMY AROUND CHERNOBYL: Between 300,000 and 600,000 people were brought in to

clean-up. Crops were destroyed, livestock was killed, everywhere

there was radiation. Over 235 billion dollars has been spent to clean up the

disaster. Belarus lost 1/5 of its farming lands(700 million dollars a

year loss.) 350 industries were lost due to the disaster.

CHERNOBYL TODAY: The plant has been shut down by

Ukraine (Dec. 2000) The cement sarcophagus is

falling apart, due to the quick emergency construction of it.

The UN estimates that up to 9 million people have been affected directly or indirectly by the fallout.

The full consequences will not be seen for at least another 50 years.

een for at least another 50 years