CHAPTER 7b APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Appendicular skeleton

• upper “appendage”

– pectoral girdle clavicle

scapula

– upper extremity

• lower “appendage”

– pelvic girdle pelvis

– lower extremity

pectoral girdle

• scapula + clavicle

• no direct attachment to vertebral column

• scapula

– loose muscular attachment to rib cage

– muscular attachment for UE movement

– glenoid cavity (fossa) attach upper extremity

– acromion process

– coracoid process

– spine of scapula

– supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

• clavicle

– stabilizes scapula

– joint with manubrium

humerus

• head articulate with glenoid fossa

• greater tubercle muscle attachments

• lesser tubercle muscle attachments

• intertubercular groove for biceps tendon

• deltoid tuberosity attach deltoid muscle

• trochlea articulate with ulna

• capitulum articulate with radius

• medial , lateral epicondyles muscle attachments

• coronoid fossa space for coronoid

• olecranon fossa space for olecranon

ulna

• olecranon superior, posterior process

• trochlear notch articulate with trochlea

• coronoid process lip of trochlear notch

• radial notch proximal radioulnar joint

• styloid

radius

• head articulates with capitulum

• radial tuberosity proximal radioulnar joint

• styloid

•

wrist and hand

• carpal bones

• proximal row scaphoid

lunate

triquetrum + pisiform

• distal row trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

• metacarpals

• phalanges

pelvic girdle

• pelvis ilium

ischium

pubic bone

• sacroiliac joint joint with sacrum

– weight bearing

• acetabulum attach lower extremity

• obturator foramen covered ; muscle attachments

• various landmarks muscle attachments for LE

• support pelvic organs

• allow passage of infant

pelvic landmarks

ilium: iliac crest ala iliac fossa

ASIS AIIS PSIS PIIS

greater sciatic notch

arcuate line

auricular surface

ischium: body and ramus

ischial spine

lesser sciatic notch

ischial tuberosity

pubis = pubic bone

superior and inferior ramus

pubic crest and tubercle iliopectineal line

femur

• head articulate with acetabulum

• neck weight distribution

• greater trochanter attach gluteal muscles

• lesser trochanter muscle attachments

• intertrochanteric crest and line

• gluteal tuberosity attach gluteal muscle

• linea aspera attach adductor muscle

• patellar surface articulate with patella

• condyles articulate with tibia (knee)

• epicondyles muscle attachments

patella

• sesamoid bone

• within quadriceps tendon

• increased leverage for knee extension

tibia

• medial, lateral condyles articulate with femur hold meniscus

• tibial tuberosity attach quadriceps muscle

• intercondylar emminence attach ligaments

• inferior surface articulates with talus

• medial malleolus supports ankle joint

fibula

• head superior tibiofibular joint

• lateral malleolus supports ankle joint

• interosseous membrane stabilizes fibula muscle attachments

ankle and foot

• tarsal bones

• talus

• calcaneus

• navicular

• cuneiforms

• cuboid

• metatarsals

• phalanges