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Page 1: Chapter 18 : Section 3 - LPSisite.lps.org/ngeiken/Web/documents/WH_Holocaust.pptx.pdf · 4/12/10 1 Chapter 18 : Section 3 The Holocaust Anti-Semitism Hatred of Jews It was easier

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Chapter 18 : Section 3

The Holocaust

Anti-Semitism

  Hatred of Jews   It was easier for Hitler

to blame others for the problems of Germany.   The Jews   MEIN KAMPF – filled

with anti-semitism.

From MEIN KAMPF

  “Let the desolation which Jewish hybridization daily visits on our nation be clearly seen, this blood-poisoning that can be removed from our body national.”

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The Holocaust

  Official Nazi policy.   6 million European Jews

killed.   2/3 the total population.

  5-6 million others died in the concentration camps.   Gypsies, Gays, people that

opposed Hitler and Nazism, mentally ill, homeless, Jehovah’s Witnesses.

Nazi Policies about Jews

  Exclude and isolate Jews.

  Laws to keep them from participating in political, social or economic life.   Urged people to boycott

Jewish businesses.   Have no Jewish

employees.   No marriage or mixing

between Jews and Aryans.

What made a person a Jew in Hitler’s Germany?

  A person who had three or four Jewish grandparents – DESPITE their current religion.

  Any person with two Jewish grandparents that practiced the Jewish religion.

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Identifying Jews

  Forced to have “J” on all identity cards.

  Wear yellow stars on all clothing.

  Made Jews open to public attack and police harassment.

  Kept Jews from going to Switzerland.

Hitler’s Police

  Gestapo   Secret Police   Identify and pursue

enemies of the Nazis   SS

  Schutzstaffel   Private army of the

Nazis   Guarded and collected

information on prisoners

Kristallnacht

  November 9, 1938   “Night of Broken Glass”   Nazi destruction of

Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues

  Thousands arrested and shipped off to Concentration Camps

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Jewish Refugees

  Sought to get away from Hitler and the Nazis.

  Escapes to other European countries.

  Depression and anti-semitism prevented the US from taking in many.

Evian Conference:1938

  Meant to find solution for Jewish refugees.

  Meant to stop Jewish refugees from going to Palestine.

  Out of 32 nations attending ONLY the Dominican Republic agreed to take refugees.

From Murder to Genocide

  As the Nazis moved into European countries the SS and Gestapo found many Jews.   2 million in Poland   Many were refugees

from Germany

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The Warsaw Ghetto

  400,000 Jews confined to a few blocks.

  Sealed off with brick and barbed wire.

  Little food, overcrowded, no medical and no sanitation.

The Warsaw Ghetto

  Thousands died every month.

  But that was “too inefficient” for the Nazis

The Einsatzgruppen

  Other ways to kill Jews.

  Mobile execution squads.

  Babi Yar – 33,000 Jews killed in 2 days.

  STILL not efficient enough for the Nazis.

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Wannsee Conference

  “The Final Solution” for the Jews.

  Special camps in Poland to commit GENOCIDE.

  Deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group.

The Death Camps

  Poison gas to be used to kill.

  Zyklon B most effective gas.

  Built 6 camps for primary purpose of mass murder.

The Death Camps

  Jews from Poland, Netherlands, Germany and other occupied lands were sent to the camps.

  Transported in cattle cars.

  4 of 6 camps sent everyone directly to death.

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Auschwitz: The worst

  Prisoners herded off the transport and put into two lines.

  Elderly, women with children, those who were sick or looked weak were taken to the “showers”

Auschwitz

  Jewish prisoners who were “healthy” had the job of carrying out the bodies and putting them in the crematoria.

  Sorted clothing, belongings, any gold fillings from bodies.

Auschwitz

  Life expectancy for prisoners was months.

  12,000 victims could be gassed a day.

  Some used for medical experiments.

  1.5 million died in Auschwitz.   90% were Jews

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Fighting Back

  Some Jews joined Resistance networks and fought the Nazis.

  Violent uprisings in some ghettos

  Death camp Treblinka was so damaged in rioting, it closed.

  All rebellions were crushed

Rescue and Liberation

  The US had a good idea of what was happening at Death Camps in 1942   Disbelief   No interest in the

media or in Washington.

  Problem wasn’t here.

Rescue and Liberation

  1944 FDR created the War Refugee Board to help Jews escape the Nazis

  Funded Raoul Wallenberg to save thousands of Hungarian Jews.

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Rescue and Liberation

  April 1945 : Liberation of the camps.

  US and Allied forces arrived.

Nuremberg Trials

  After the war 24 Nazi defendants were put on trial for “crimes against humanity” for WWII atrocities.

  12 received death sentences.

Importance of the Nuremberg Trials

  People couldn’t use the excuse they were “just following orders” as a defense for what they did.

  Individuals are responsible for their own actions.

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Funny: We need it after what we saw.

If you love it, you have to let it go. Kittys love water


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