Chapter 16:Chapter 16:World War LoomsWorld War Looms

Section 3:Section 3:The HolocaustThe Holocaust

StandardsStandards 11.7.511.7.5

Discuss the constitutional issues and Discuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the response of the front, including the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups.against Jews and other groups.

ObjectivesObjectivesFollowing lecture and reading of Following lecture and reading of

this section, this section, students will be able students will be able to:to:1.1.Explain the reasons behind the Nazi’s Explain the reasons behind the Nazi’s

persecution of Jews and the problems persecution of Jews and the problems facing Jewish refugeesfacing Jewish refugees

2.2.Describe the Nazi’s “Final Solution” to Describe the Nazi’s “Final Solution” to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the the Jewish problem and the horrors of the HolocaustHolocaust

3.3.Identify and describe the profound and Identify and describe the profound and lasting effects of the Holocaust on lasting effects of the Holocaust on surviviorssurviviors

OverviewOverview During the Holocaust, the Nazis During the Holocaust, the Nazis

systematically executed 6 million systematically executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.”Aryans.” 11 million people total killed11 million people total killed Millions other imprisoned in work Millions other imprisoned in work

campscamps

Jews TargetedJews Targeted Hitler ordered all “non-Aryans” to be Hitler ordered all “non-Aryans” to be

removed from government jobs (1933)removed from government jobs (1933) Europe has long history of Europe has long history of anti-anti-

SemitismSemitism Hatred of JewsHatred of Jews

Hitler claimed Jews were the cause of Hitler claimed Jews were the cause of the failures of Germany’s economy and the failures of Germany’s economy and loss of WWIloss of WWI Germans believe Hitler’s claims, blame Jews Germans believe Hitler’s claims, blame Jews

for problemsfor problems Genocide-systematic extermination of a groupGenocide-systematic extermination of a group

KristallnachtKristallnacht Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws

Nazis take away from JewsNazis take away from Jews CitizenshipCitizenship JobsJobs PropertyProperty

Require all Jews to wear Star of David (yellow)Require all Jews to wear Star of David (yellow) Kristallnacht Kristallnacht (11/9/38)-Nazis attacked (11/9/38)-Nazis attacked

Jewish homes, businesses, synagoguesJewish homes, businesses, synagogues About 100 Jews killed, hundreds injured, 30,000 About 100 Jews killed, hundreds injured, 30,000

arrestedarrested Goal: get Jews to leaveGoal: get Jews to leave Jews blamed for destroying their own property

A Flood of Jewish RefugeesA Flood of Jewish Refugees 1938, Nazis try to speed up Jewish 1938, Nazis try to speed up Jewish

emigrationemigration Jews cannot find any nations to take them.Jews cannot find any nations to take them.

France takes 40,000 refugees, France takes 40,000 refugees, Britain takes 80,000 + 30,000 in Britain takes 80,000 + 30,000 in Palestine; both refuse morePalestine; both refuse more

U.S. takes 100,000 “persons of U.S. takes 100,000 “persons of exceptional merit” as refugeesexceptional merit” as refugees Americans feared economic strain of Americans feared economic strain of

refugees, entrance of enemy agents; anti-refugees, entrance of enemy agents; anti-Semitism developedSemitism developed

The Plight of the St. LouisThe Plight of the St. Louis The St. Louis was a Jewish ocean The St. Louis was a Jewish ocean

linerliner Headed for U.S.Headed for U.S. Full of Jewish refugees from GermanyFull of Jewish refugees from Germany

Coast Guard prevented passengers Coast Guard prevented passengers on St. Louis from disembarkingon St. Louis from disembarking Would not let the Jews into AmericaWould not let the Jews into America

Ship forced to return to Europe; Ship forced to return to Europe; most passengers killed in most passengers killed in HolocaustHolocaust

The CondemnedThe Condemned Hitler’s FinalHitler’s Final

Solution:Solution: SlaverySlavery Genocide of Genocide of

“inferior” groups“inferior” groups Genocide- Genocide-

deliberate, deliberate, systematic killing of systematic killing of an entire populationan entire population

Nazi death squads Nazi death squads rounded up Jews & rounded up Jews & shot them (SS)shot them (SS)

Targeted:Targeted: JewsJewsGypsiesGypsiesFreemasonsFreemasons Jehovah’s Jehovah’s

WitnessesWitnessesunfit Germansunfit Germans

HomosexualsHomosexualsMentally Mentally retardedretarded

Forced RelocationForced Relocation Jews were forced into ghettosJews were forced into ghettos

segregated areas in Polish citiessegregated areas in Polish cities Inside the ghettos, some formed Inside the ghettos, some formed

resistance movementsresistance movements Underground newspapersUnderground newspapers

Others maintain Jewish cultureOthers maintain Jewish culture EducationEducation TheaterTheater MusicMusic

Concentration CampsConcentration Camps Many Jews taken to concentration Many Jews taken to concentration

camps, or labor campscamps, or labor camps Families often were separatedFamilies often were separated

Camps were originally prisonsCamps were originally prisons Camps were given to SS to Camps were given to SS to

warehouse “undesirables”warehouse “undesirables” Prisoners crammed into wooden Prisoners crammed into wooden

barracks, given little food, most died…barracks, given little food, most died… Worked dawn to dusk, 7 days per weekWorked dawn to dusk, 7 days per week Those too weak to work are killedThose too weak to work are killed

Mass ExterminationsMass Exterminations Germans built death camps; gas Germans built death camps; gas

chambers used to kill thousandschambers used to kill thousands On arrival, SS doctors separated those On arrival, SS doctors separated those

who could or could not workwho could or could not work Those who can’t work immediately killed in Those who can’t work immediately killed in

gas chambergas chamber At first bodies buried in pitsAt first bodies buried in pits

Later cremated to cover up evidenceLater cremated to cover up evidence Some are shot, hanged, poisoned, Some are shot, hanged, poisoned,

or die from experimentsor die from experiments

The SurvivorsThe Survivors About 6 million Jews killed in About 6 million Jews killed in

death camps, massacresdeath camps, massacresSome escape, many with help from Some escape, many with help from

ordinary peopleordinary peopleSome survive concentration campsSome survive concentration camps

Survivors forever changed by Survivors forever changed by experienceexperience