Download - Chapter 16-1. Chapter 16-2 C H A P T E R 16 DILUTIVE SECURITIES AND EARNINGS PER SHARE Intermediate Accounting 13th Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

Chapter 16-1

Chapter 16-2

C H A P T E R C H A P T E R 1616

DILUTIVE SECURITIES AND DILUTIVE SECURITIES AND EARNINGS PER SHAREEARNINGS PER SHARE

Intermediate Accounting13th Edition

Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

Chapter 16-3

1. Describe the accounting for the issuance, conversion, and

retirement of convertible securities.

2. Explain the accounting for convertible preferred stock.

3. Contrast the accounting for stock warrants and for stock

warrants issued with other securities.

4. Describe the accounting for stock compensation plans under

generally accepted accounting principles.

5. Discuss the controversy involving stock compensation plans.

6. Compute earnings per share in a simple capital structure.

7. Compute earnings per share in a complex capital structure.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Chapter 16-4

Debt and equityDebt and equity

Convertible debtConvertible debt

Convertible preferred Convertible preferred stockstock

Stock warrantsStock warrants

Accounting for Accounting for compensationcompensation

Dilutive Securities and Dilutive Securities and Compensation PlansCompensation Plans

Computing Earnings Per Computing Earnings Per ShareShare

Simple capital structureSimple capital structure

Complex capital Complex capital structurestructure

Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per ShareShare

Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per Dilutive Securities and Earnings Per ShareShare

Chapter 16-5

Should companies report these

instruments as a liability or equity.

Debt and EquityDebt and EquityDebt and EquityDebt and Equity

Stock OptionsStock Options Convertible Convertible SecuritiesSecurities

Preferred Preferred StockStock

Chapter 16-6

(at the holder’s option)

Benefit of a Bond (guaranteed interest)

Privilege of Exchanging it for Stock

Bonds which can be converted into other corporate securities are called convertible bonds.

+

Accounting for Convertible DebtAccounting for Convertible DebtAccounting for Convertible DebtAccounting for Convertible Debt

LO 1 Describe the accounting for the issuance, conversion, and retirement of convertible securities.

Chapter 16-7

Desire to raise equity capital without giving up more ownership control than necessary.

Obtain common stock financing at cheaper rates.

Two main reasons corporations issue convertibles:



Chapter 16-8

At Time of Issuance



Convertible bonds recorded as straight debt

issue, with any discount or premium amortized

over the term of the debt.

Chapter 16-9

BE16-1BE16-1:: KC Inc. issued $4,000,000 par value, 7% KC Inc. issued $4,000,000 par value, 7% convertible bonds at 99 for cash. If the bonds had convertible bonds at 99 for cash. If the bonds had not included the conversion feature, they would not included the conversion feature, they would have sold for 95. have sold for 95.

Cash 3,960,000

Bonds payable 4,000,000

Journal entry at date of issuance:

Discount on bonds payable 40,000

($5,000,000 x 99% = $4,950,000)



Chapter 16-10

At Time of Conversion



Companies use the book value method when

converting bonds.

When the debt holder converts the debt to

equity, the issuing company recognizes no gain

or loss upon conversion.

Chapter 16-11

BE16-2BE16-2: Yuen Corp. has outstanding 2,000, $1,000 : Yuen Corp. has outstanding 2,000, $1,000

bonds, each convertible into 50 shares of $10 par value bonds, each convertible into 50 shares of $10 par value

common stock. The bonds are converted on December 31, common stock. The bonds are converted on December 31,

2010, when the unamortized discount is $30,000 and the 2010, when the unamortized discount is $30,000 and the

market price of the stock is $21 per share. market price of the stock is $21 per share.


Common stock (2,000 x 50 x $10) 1,000,000

Journal entry at conversion:


Additional paid-in capital 970,000



Chapter 16-12

Issuer wishes to encourage prompt

conversion.

Issuer offers additional consideration, called a

“sweetener.”

Sweetener is an expense of the period.



Induced Conversion

Chapter 16-13

BE16-2BE16-2: Yuen Corp. has outstanding 2,000, $1,000 bonds, : Yuen Corp. has outstanding 2,000, $1,000 bonds, each convertible into 50 shares of $10 par value common each convertible into 50 shares of $10 par value common stock. Assume Yuen wanted to reduce its annual interest cost stock. Assume Yuen wanted to reduce its annual interest cost and agreed to pay the bond holders $70,000 to convert. and agreed to pay the bond holders $70,000 to convert.


Common stock (2,000 x 50 x $10) 1,000,000

Journal entry at conversion:


Additional paid-in capital 970,000



Debt conversion expense 70,000Cash 70,000

Chapter 16-14

Recognized same as retiring debt that is not

convertible.

Difference between the acquisition price and

carrying amount should be reported as gain

or loss in the income statement.



Retirement of Convertible Debt

Chapter 16-15

Convertible preferred stock is considered part of

stockholders’ equity.

No gain or loss recognized when converted.

Use book value method.

Convertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred Stock

LO 2 Explain the accounting for convertible preferred stock.

Convertible preferred stock includes an option

for the holder to convert preferred shares into a

fixed number of common shares.

Chapter 16-16

BE16-3BE16-3: Gall Inc. issued 2,000 shares of $10 par value : Gall Inc. issued 2,000 shares of $10 par value

common stock upon conversion of 1,000 shares of $50 common stock upon conversion of 1,000 shares of $50

par value preferred stock. The preferred stock was par value preferred stock. The preferred stock was

originally issued at $60 per share. The common stock is originally issued at $60 per share. The common stock is

trading at $26 per share at the time of conversion.trading at $26 per share at the time of conversion.

Preferred stock 50,000

Common stock (2,000 x $10 par) 20,000

Journal entry to record conversion:

Paid-in capital – Preferred stock 10,000

Paid-in capital – Common stock 40,000

Convertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred StockConvertible Preferred Stock

LO 2 Explain the accounting for convertible preferred stock.

Chapter 16-17

Certificates entitling the holder to acquire shares of stock at a certain price within a stated period.

Normally arise:

1.To make a security more attractive

2.As evidence of preemptive right

3.As compensation to employees

Stock WarrantsStock WarrantsStock WarrantsStock Warrants

LO 3 Contrast the accounting for stock warrants and for stock warrants issued with other securities.

Chapter 16-18

Issued with Other Securities



Detachable Stock Warrants:

Proceeds allocated between the two securities.

Allocation based on fair market values.

Two methods of allocation:

(1) the proportional method and

(2) the incremental method

Chapter 16-19

Proportional Method



Determine:

1. value of the bonds without the warrants, and

2. value of the warrants.

The proportional method allocates the proceeds

using the proportion of the two amounts, based on

fair values.

Chapter 16-20

BE16-4: Margolf Corp. issued 2,000, $1,000 bonds at 101. Each bond was issued with one detachable stock warrant. After issuance, the bonds were selling in the market at 98, and the warrants had a market value of $40. Use the proportional method to record the issuance of the bonds and warrants.

Number Amount Price Total PercentBonds 2,000 x 1,000$ x 0.98$ = 1,960,000$ 96%Warrants 2,000 x 40$ = 80,000 4%

Total Fair Market Value 2,040,000$ 100%

Allocation: Bonds WarrantsIssue price 2,020,000$ 2,020,000$ Bond face value 2,000,000$ Allocation % 96% 4% Allocated FMV 1,940,784 Total 1,940,784$ 79,216$ Discount 59,216$


LO 3

Chapter 16-21

CashCash 2,020,0002,020,000

Bonds payable Bonds payable 2,000,0002,000,000

Discount on bonds payableDiscount on bonds payable 59,21659,216

Paid-in capital – Stock warrants Paid-in capital – Stock warrants 79,21679,216

BE16-4: Margolf Corp. issued 2,000, $1,000 bonds at 101. Each bond was issued with one detachable stock warrant. After issuance, the bonds were selling in the market at 98, and the warrants had a market value of $40. Use the proportional method to record the issuance of the bonds and warrants.



Chapter 16-22

Incremental Method



Where a company cannot determine the fair value

of either the warrants or the bonds.

Use the security for which fair value can

determined.

Allocate the remainder of the purchase price

to the security for which it does not know fair

value.

Chapter 16-23

BE16-5: McCarthy Inc. issued 2,000, $1,000 bonds at 101. Each bond was issued with one detachable stock warrant. After issuance, the bonds were selling in the market at 98. The market price of the warrants, without the bonds, cannot be determined. Use the incremental method to record the issuance of the bonds and warrants.

Number Amount Price Total PercentBonds 2,000 x 1,000$ x 0.98$ = 1,960,000$ 100%Warrants 2,000 x = - 0%

Total Fair Market Value 1,960,000$ 100%

Allocation: BondsIssue price 2,020,000$ Bond face value 2,000,000$ Bonds 1,960,000 Allocated FMV 1,960,000 Warrants 60,000$ Discount 40,000$



Chapter 16-24

CashCash 2,020,0002,020,000

Bonds payable Bonds payable 2,000,0002,000,000

Discount on bonds payableDiscount on bonds payable 40,00040,000

Paid-in capital – Stock warrants Paid-in capital – Stock warrants 60,00060,000



BE16-5: McCarthy Inc. issued 2,000, $1,000 bonds at 101. Each bond was issued with one detachable stock warrant. After issuance, the bonds were selling in the market at 98. The market price of the warrants, without the bonds, cannot be determined. Use the incremental method to record the issuance of the bonds and warrants.

Chapter 16-25

Conceptual Questions



Detachable warrants involves two securities,

a debt security,

a warrant to purchase common stock.

Nondetachable warrants

no allocation of proceeds between the bonds and the warrants,

companies record the entire proceeds as debt.

Chapter 16-26

Rights to Subscribe to Additional Shares



Stock Rights - existing stockholders have the

right (preemptive privilege) to purchase newly

issued shares in proportion to their holdings.

Price is normally less than current market

value.

Companies make only a memorandum entry.

Chapter 16-27

LO 4 Describe the accounting for stock compensation plans under generally accepted accounting principles.

Stock Option - gives key employees option to purchase stock at a given price over extended period of time.

Effective compensation programs are ones that: 1. base compensation on performance

2. motivate employees,

3. help retain executives and recruit new talent,

4. maximize employee’s after-tax benefit, and

5. use performance criteria over which employee has

control.

Stock Compensation Plans

Accounting for Stock CompensationAccounting for Stock CompensationAccounting for Stock CompensationAccounting for Stock Compensation

Chapter 16-28

The Major Reporting Issue

New FASB standard requires companies to

recognize compensation cost using the fair-value

method.*

Under fair-value method, companies use

acceptable option-pricing models to value the

options at the date of grant.



Chapter 16-29

Two main accounting issues:

1. How to determine compensation expense.

2. Over what periods to allocate compensation expense.



Chapter 16-30

Determining Expense

Compensation expense based on the fair value of the options expected to vest on the date the options are granted to the employee(s) (i.e., the grant date).


Allocating Compensation Expense

Over the periods in which employees perform the service—the service period.


Chapter 16-31



E16-12 On January 1, 2009, Scooby Corporation granted 10,000 options to key executives. Each option allows the executive to purchase one share of Scooby’s $5 par value common stock at a price of $20 per share. The options were exercisable within a 2-year period beginning January 1, 2011, if the grantee is still employed by the company at the time of the exercise. On the grant date, Scooby’s stock was trading at $25 per share, and a fair value option pricing model determines total compensation to be $450,000.On May 1, 2011, 9,000 options were exercised when the market price of Scooby’s stock was $30 per share. The remaining options lapsed in 2013 because executives decided not to exercise their options.Instructions: Prepare the necessary journal entries related to the stock-option plan for the years 2009 through 2013.

Chapter 16-32

No entry on date of grant.No entry on date of grant.

E16-12: Prepare the necessary journal entries related to the stock option plan for the years 2009 through 2013.


1/1/091/1/09

Compensation expenseCompensation expense 225,000225,000Paid-in capital-stock options Paid-in capital-stock options 225,000225,000

12/31/0912/31/09

Compensation expenseCompensation expense 225,000225,000Paid-in capital-stock options Paid-in capital-stock options 225,000225,000

12/31/1012/31/10

($450,000 x ½)


Chapter 16-33


Cash Cash (9,000 x $20)(9,000 x $20) 180,000180,000

Common stock Common stock (9,000 x $5)(9,000 x $5) 45,00045,000

5/1/115/1/11

Paid-in capital-stock options Paid-in capital-stock options 45,00045,000Paid-in capital-expired options Paid-in capital-expired options 45,00045,000

1/1/131/1/13

($450,000 x 9,000 / 10,000 = $405,000)

Paid-in capital-stock options Paid-in capital-stock options 405,000405,000

Paid-in capital in excess of par Paid-in capital in excess of par 540,000540,000

($450,000 – $405,000)


E16-12: Prepare the necessary journal entries related to the stock option plan for the years 2009 through 2013.

Chapter 16-34

Restricted Stock

Transfer shares of stock to employees, subject to an

agreement that the shares cannot be sold, transferred,

or pledged until vesting occurs.

Major Advantages:

1. Never becomes completely worthless.

2. Generally results in less dilution to existing stockholders.

3. Better aligns employee incentives with company

incentives.



Chapter 16-35



Illustration: On January 1, 2010, Ogden Company

issues 1,000 shares of restricted stock to its CEO,

Christie DeGeorge. Ogden’s stock has a fair value of $20

per share on January 1, 2010. Additional information is as

follows.

1. The service period related to the restricted stock is

five years.

2. Vesting occurs if DeGeorge stays with the company

for a five-year period.

3. The par value of the stock is $1 per share.

Ogden makes the following entry on the grant date

(January 1, 2010).

Chapter 16-36



Illustration: Ogden makes the following entry on the grant date (January 1, 2010).

Unearned Compensation 20,000

Common Stock (1,000 x $1)

1,000

Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par (1,000 x $19)

19,000Unearned Compensation represents the cost of services yet to be performed, which is not an asset. Unearned Compensation is reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in the balance sheet.

Chapter 16-37



Illustration: Record the journal entry at December 31, 2010, Ogden records compensation expense.

Compensation expense 4,000

Unearned compensation

4,000

Ogden records compensation expense of $4,000 for each of the next four years (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014).

Chapter 16-38



Illustration: Assume that DeGeorge leaves on February 3, 2012 (before any expense has been recorded during 2012). The entry to record this forfeiture is as follows

Common Stock 1,000

Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par 19,000

Compensation Expense ($4,000 x 2)

8,000

Unearned Compensation

12,000

Chapter 16-39

Employee Stock-Purchase Plans (ESPPs)

Generally permit all employees to purchase stock at a discounted price for a short period of time.

Plans are considered compensatory unless they

satisfy all three conditions presented below.

1. Substantially all full-time employees may participate on an equitable basis.

2. The discount from market is small.

3. The plan offers no substantive option feature.



Chapter 16-40

Disclosure of Compensation Plans


Company with one or more share-based payment arrangements must disclose:

1. The nature and terms of such arrangements.

2. The effect on the income statement of compensation cost.

3. The method of estimating the fair value of the goods or services received, or the fair value of the equity instruments granted (or offered to grant).

4. The cash flow effects.LO 4 Describe the accounting for stock compensation

plans under generally accepted accounting principles.

Chapter 16-41

Debate over Stock Option Accounting

When first proposed, there was considerable

opposition to the fair-value approach because it

could result in substantial, previously

unrecognized compensation expense.

Offsetting such opposition is the need for greater

transparency in financial reporting.

LO 5 Discuss the controversy involving stock compensation plans.


Chapter 16-42

Earnings per share indicates the income earned by each share of common stock.

Companies report earnings per share only for common stock.

When income statement contains intermediate components of income, companies should disclose earnings per share for each component.

LO 6 Compute earnings per share in a simple capital structure.

Computing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per ShareComputing Earnings Per Share

Illustration 16-7Illustration 16-7

Chapter 16-43 LO 6 Compute earnings per share in a simple capital

structure.

Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital Earnings Per Share-Simple Capital StructureStructure


Simple Structure--Only common stock; no

potentially dilutive securities.

Complex Structure--Potentially dilutive

securities are present.

“Dilutive” means the ability to influence the

EPS in a downward direction.


structure.



Preferred Stock Dividends

Subtracts the current year preferred stock dividend from net income to arrive at income available to common stockholders.

Illustration 16-Illustration 16-88

Preferred dividends are subtracted on cumulative preferred stock, whether declared or not.


structure.



Weighted-Average Number of Shares

Companies must weight the shares by the fraction of the period they are outstanding.

Stock dividends or stock splits: companies need to restate the shares outstanding before the stock dividend or split.


structure.



E16-16: On January 1, 2010, Chang Corp. had 480,000 shares of common stock outstanding. During 2010, it had the following transactions that affected the common stock account.

February 1 I ssued 120,000 Shares

March 1 I ssued a 20% stock dividend

May 1 Acquired 100,000 share of treasury stock

J une 1 I ssued a 3-f or-1 stock split

October 1 Reissued 60,000 shares of treasury stock

Instructions Determine the weighted-average number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2010.


structure.



Weighted-Average Number of SharesWeighted

Change in Shares Fraction 20% 3/1 AverageDate Shares Outstanding of Year Dividend Split Shares

Jan. 1 480,000 x 1/12 x 120% x 3 144,000 Feb. 1 120,000 600,000 x 1/12 x 120% x 3 180,000 Mar. 1 120,000 720,000 x 2/12 x 3 360,000 May 1 (100,000) 620,000 x 1/12 x 3 155,000 June 1 3/1 split 1,860,000 x 4/12 x 620,000 Oct. 1 60,000 1,920,000 x 3/12 x 480,000

1,939,000

Chapter 16-48 LO 7 Compute earnings per share in a complex capital

structure.

Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital Earnings Per Share-Complex Capital StructureStructure


Complex Capital Structure exists when a

business has

convertible securities,

options, warrants, or other rights

that upon conversion or exercise could dilute

earnings per share.

Company reports both basic and diluted earnings

per share.


structure.



Diluted EPS includes the effect of all potential dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period.

Companies will not report diluted EPS if the securities in their capital structure are antidilutive.


Chapter 16-50

Diluted EPS – Convertible Securities

Measure the dilutive effects of potential conversion on EPS using the if-converted method.This method for a convertible bond assumes:

(1) the conversion at the beginning of the period

(or at the time of issuance of the security, if

issued during the period), and

(2) the elimination of related interest, net of tax.

LO 7 Compute earnings per share in a complex capital structure.




structure.



E16-22 (Convertible Bonds): In 2010 Buraka Enterprises issued, at par, 75, $1,000, 8% bonds, each convertible into 100 shares of common stock. Buraka had revenues of $17,500 and expenses other than interest and taxes of $8,400 for 2011. (Assume that the tax rate is 40%.) Throughout 2011, 2,000 shares of common stock were outstanding; none of the bonds was converted or redeemed.

Instructions

(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.

(b) Assume same facts as those for Part (a), except the 75 bonds were issued on September 1, 2011 (rather than in 2010), and none have been converted or redeemed.


structure.



E16-22 (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2011.

Calculation of Net Calculation of Net IncomeIncome

RevenuesRevenues $17,500$17,500

ExpensesExpenses 8,4008,400

Bond interest expense Bond interest expense (75 x $1,000 x 8%)(75 x $1,000 x 8%) 6,0006,000

Income before taxesIncome before taxes 3,1003,100

Income tax expense Income tax expense (40%)(40%) 1,2401,240

Net incomeNet income $ 1,860$ 1,860


structure.




When calculating Diluted EPS, begin with Basis EPS.

Net income = $1,860

Weighted average shares = 2,000

== $.93$.93

Basic EPS


structure.





$1,860

2,000== $.57$.57

Diluted EPS

++ $6,000 (1 - .40)

7,500

Basic EPS = .93

$5,460

9,500==

Effect on EPS = .48

++


structure.



Revenues 17,500$

Expenses 8,400

Bond interest expense (75 x $1,000 x 8% x 4/ 12) 2,000

I ncome bef ore taxes 7,100

I ncome taxes (40%) 2,840

Net income 4,260$

Calculation of Net Calculation of Net IncomeIncome

E16-22 (b) Assume bonds were issued on Sept. 1, 2011 .


structure.



E16-22 (b) Assume bonds were issued on Sept. 1, 2011 .


$4,260

2,000== $1.21$1.21

Diluted EPS

$2,000 (1 - .40)

7,500 x 4/12 yr.

$5,460

4,500==

Effect on EPS = .48Basic EPS

= 2.13

++

++


structure.



P16-8 (Variation-Convertible Preferred Stock): Prior to 2010, Barkley Company issued 40,000 shares of 6% convertible, cumulative preferred stock, $100 par value. Each share is convertible into 5 shares of common stock. Net income for 2010 was $1,200,000. There were 600,000 common shares outstanding during 2010. There were no changes during 2010 in the number of common or preferred shares outstanding.

Instructions

(a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.


structure.



P16-8 (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.


Net income $1,200,000 – Pfd. Div. $240,000*

Weighted average shares = 600,000==$1.60$1.60

Basic EPS

** 40,000 shares x $100 par x 6% = $240,000 40,000 shares x $100 par x 6% = $240,000 dividenddividend


structure.




600,000==

$1.50$1.50

Diluted EPS

$240,000

Basic EPS = 1.60

==

Effect on EPS = 1.20

P16-8 (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010.

$1,200,000 – $240,000

200,000*

$1,200,000

800,000

**(40,000 x 5)(40,000 x 5)

++

++


structure.



600,000==

$1.67$1.67

Diluted EPS

$240,000

Basic EPS = 1.60

==


P16-8 (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010 assuming each share of preferred is convertible into 3 shares of common stock.

$1,200,000 – $240,000

120,000*

$1,200,000

720,000

**(40,000 x 3)(40,000 x 3)

++

++


structure.



600,000==

$1.67$1.67

Diluted EPS

$240,000

Basic EPS = 1.60

==


$1,200,000 – $240,000

120,000*

$1,200,000

720,000

**(40,000 x 3)(40,000 x 3)

Antidilutive

Basic = Diluted EPS

P16-8 (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2010 assuming each share of preferred is convertible into 3 shares of common stock.

++

++

Chapter 16-62

Diluted EPS – Options and Warrants

Measure the dilutive effects of potential conversion using the treasury-stock method.

This method assumes:

(1) company exercises the options or warrants at the beginning of the year (or date of issue if later), and

(2) that it uses those proceeds to purchase common stock for the treasury.





structure.



E16-26 (EPS with Options): Zambrano Company’s net income for 2010 is $40,000. The only potentially dilutive securities outstanding were 1,000 options issued during 2009, each exercisable for one share at $8. None has been exercised, and 10,000 shares of common were outstanding during 2010. The average market price of the stock during 2010 was $20.

Instructions

(a) Compute diluted earnings per share.

(b) Assume the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010 (rather than in 2009). The average market price during the last 3 months of 2010 was $20.

Chapter 16-64

Proceeds if shares issued Proceeds if shares issued (1,000 x $8)(1,000 x $8) $8,000$8,000

Purchase price for treasury sharesPurchase price for treasury shares $20$20

Shares assumed purchasedShares assumed purchased 400400

Shares assumed issuedShares assumed issued 1,0001,000

Incremental share increaseIncremental share increase 600600





Treasury-Stock MethodTreasury-Stock Method

÷÷


structure.





$40,000

10,000== $3.77$3.77

Diluted EPS

++

600

Basic EPS = 4.00

$40,000

10,600==

Options

++


structure.



Proceeds if shares issued (1,000 x $8) 8,000$

Purchase price f or treasury shares 20$

Shares assumed purchased 400

Shares assumed issued 1,000

I ncremental share increase 600

Weight f or 3 months assumed outstanding 3/ 12

Weighted incremental share increase 150

Treasury-Stock MethodTreasury-Stock Method

÷÷

E16-26 (b) Compute diluted earnings per share assuming the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010.

xx


structure.



E16-26 (b) Compute diluted earnings per share assuming the 1,000 options were issued on October 1, 2010.

$40,000

10,000== $3.94$3.94

Diluted EPS

150

Basic EPS = 4.00

$40,000

10,150==

Options

++

Chapter 16-68

Contingent Issue Agreement

Contingent shares are issued as a result of the:

1. passage of time or

2. attainment of a certain earnings or market price level.




Antidilution Revisited

Ignore antidilutive securities in all calculations and in computing diluted earnings per share.

Chapter 16-69

EPS Presentation and Disclosure

A company should show per share amounts for:

income from continuing operations,

income before extraordinary items, and

net income.

Per share amounts for a discontinued operation or an extraordinary item should be presented on the face of the income statement or in the notes.





structure.



Complex capital structures and dual presentation of EPS require the following additional disclosures in note form.

1. Description of pertinent rights and privileges of the various securities outstanding.

2. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations, including individual income and share amount effects of all securities that affect EPS.

3. The effect given preferred dividends in determining income available to common stockholders in computing basic EPS.

4. Securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were excluded in the computation because they would be antidilutive.

5. Effect of conversions subsequent to year-end, but before issuing statements.


structure.

Summary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS ComputationSummary of EPS Computation


Chapter 16-72 LO 7


Summary of EPS Summary of EPS ComputationComputation

Summary of EPS Summary of EPS ComputationComputation

Chapter 16-73

Under U.S. GAAP, all of the proceeds of convertible debt are recorded as long-term debt. Under iGAAP, convertible bonds are “bifurcated”—separated into the equity component (the value of the conversion option) of the bond issue and the debt component.

Although the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is similar between iGAAP and U.S. GAAP, the Boards are working to resolve the few minor differences in EPS reporting.

Other EPS differences relate to (1) the treasury-stock method and how the proceeds from extinguishment of a liability should be accounted for, and (2) how to compute the weighted-average of contingently issuable shares.

Chapter 16-74 LO 8 Explain the accounting for stock appreciation rights plans.LO 8 Explain the accounting for stock appreciation rights plans.

Stock-Appreciation Rights (SARs):

The company gives an executive the right to receive

compensation equal to the share appreciation.

Share appreciation is the excess of the market price

of the stock at the date of exercise over a pre-

established price.

The company may pay the share appreciation in cash,

shares, or a combination of both.

The accounting for stock-appreciation rights depends

on whether the company classifies the rights as equity

or as a liability.


SARS— Share-Based Equity Awards

Companies classify SARs as equity awards if at the date of

exercise, the holder receives shares of stock from the

company upon exercise.

holder receives shares in an amount equal to the share-

price appreciation (the difference between the market

price and the pre-established price).

At the date of grant, the company determines a fair

value for the SAR and then allocates this amount to

compensation expense over the service period of the

employees.


SARS— Share-Based Liability Awards

Companies classify SARs as liability awards if at the date of

exercise, the holder receives a cash payment. Accounting:

1. Measure the fair value of the award at the grant date and

accrue compensation over the service period.

2. Remeasure the fair value each reporting period, until the award

is settled; adjust the compensation cost each period for

changes in fair value pro-rated for the portion of the service

period completed.

3. Once the service period is completed, determine compensation

expense each subsequent period by reporting the full change in

market price as an adjustment to compensation expense.


Illustration: American Hotels, Inc. establishes a

stock-appreciation rights plan on January 1, 2010. The

plan entitles executives to receive cash at the date of

exercise for the difference between the market price of

the stock and the pre-established price of $10 on

10,000 SARs. The fair value of the SARs on December

31, 2010, is $3, and the service period runs for two

years (2010–2011).

Illustration 16A-1 indicates the amount of

compensation expense to be recorded each period.


Illustration 16-Illustration 16-A1A1

American Hotels records compensation expense in the first year as follows.

Compensation Expense 15,000

Liability under Stock-Appreciation Plan

15,000


In 2012, when it records negative compensation expense,

American would debit the account for $20,000. The entry

to record the negative compensation expense is as follows.

Liability under Stock-Appreciation Plan 20,000

Compensation Expense

20,000

At December 31, 2012, the executives receive $50,000.

American would remove the liability with the following entry.

Liability under Stock-Appreciation Plan 50,000

Cash

50,000

Chapter 16-80 LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex situation.LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex situation.

Illustration 16-Illustration 16-B1B1

Balance Sheet for Comprehensive Illustration

Chapter 16-81


Balance Sheet for Comprehensive Illustration

LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex situation.LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex situation.

Chapter 16-82


Computation of Earnings per Share—Simple Capital Structure

Solution on Solution on notes pagenotes page LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex LO 9 Compute earnings per share in a complex

situation.situation.

Chapter 16-83

Diluted Earnings Per Share

Steps for computing diluted earnings per share:

1. Determine, for each dilutive security, the per share effect assuming exercise/conversion.

2. Rank the results from step 1 from smallest to largest earnings effect per share.

3. Beginning with the earnings per share based upon the weighted-average of common shares outstanding, recalculate earnings per share by adding the smallest per share effects from step 2. Continue this process so long as each recalculated earnings per share is smaller than the previous amount.


Chapter 16-84

The first step is to determine a per share effect for each potentially dilutive security.

Per Share Effect of Options (Treasury-Stock Method), Diluted Earnings per Share



Chapter 16-85


Per Share Effect of 8% Bonds (If-Converted Method), Diluted Earnings per Share



Chapter 16-86


Per Share Effect of 10% Bonds (If-Converted Method), Diluted Earnings per Share



Chapter 16-87


Per Share Effect of 10% Convertible Preferred (If-Converted Method), Diluted Earnings per Share



Chapter 16-88


Ranking of per Share Effects (Smallest to Largest), Diluted Earnings per Share



Chapter 16-89

The next step is to determine earnings per share giving effect to the ranking

Recomputation of EPS Using Incremental Effect of Options



The effect of the options is dilutive.

Chapter 16-90


Recomputation of EPS Using Incremental Effect of 8% Convertible Bonds Illustration 16-Illustration 16-

B9B9


The effect of the 8% convertible bonds is dilutive.

Chapter 16-91


Recomputation of EPS Using Incremental Effect of 10% Convertible Bonds Illustration 16-Illustration 16-

B10B10


The effect of the 10% convertible bonds is dilutive.

Chapter 16-92


Recomputation of EPS Using Incremental Effect of 10% Convertible Preferred Illustration 16-Illustration 16-

B11B11


The effect of the 10% convertible preferred is NOT dilutive.

Chapter 16-93

Finally, Webster Corporation’s disclosure of earnings pershare on its income statement.



The effect of the 10% convertible preferred is NOT dilutive.

Chapter 16-94

Assume that Barton Company provides the following information. Illustration 16-Illustration 16-

B13B13


Barton Company Data

Basic and Diluted EPS


Chapter 16-95

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