1
AXIALSKELETONHyoid boneSternumClavicleScapulaRibs
VertebraInnominatesSacrumcoccyx
Hyoid boneSternumClavicleScapulaRibs
InnominatesVertebra
SacrumCoccyx
Flat Bones -- sternum, ribs
Irregular Bones -- vertebra, innominate,sacrum, coccyx,clavicle, scapula, hyoid
Hyoid BoneHyoid BoneGreater wings
Lesser wings
Hyoid BoneHyoid Bone• Anchor for pterygoid muscles• Necessary for speech
• Found for Neandertals
SternumSternum
Manubrium
Clavicularnotch
Body
Costal notchs
XyphoidProcess
2
sternumsternum• Anchor for muscles• Protection for heart
clavicleclavicle
Sternal End
Scapular End
Conoid Tubercle
Costoclavicular ligamentattachment
scapulascapula
Acromion
CoronoidSpine
Blade
Glenoid
Notch
scapulascapula• Protection for lungs
• Anchor for numerous arm and back muscles
RIBSRIBS
HeadNeckAngleFacet
False Ribs
Floating Ribs
3
VertebraVertebra
• Protection for spinal cord
• Anchor for numerous muscles
Vertebra
VertebraVertebraIntervertebral disks
CervicalVertebra
CervicalVertebra
Transverseforamen
AtlasAtlas
Superior articular facets
Vertebral foramen
Inferior articular facets
Spinous process
Transverse foramen
Transverse process
4
AxisAxis
Superior articular facetsVertebral foramen
Inferior articular facets
Spinous process
Transverse foramen
Transverse process
Dens apistrophe
Body
C3 - C7
Body
Vertebral foramen
Spinous process
Superior articular facet
Transverse process
Transverse foramen
ThoracicVertebra
Rib Facets
ThoracicVertebra
LumbarVertebra
lumbar
L1L1
L5L5
5
Orientation of thebones of the ThoraxOrientation of the
bones of the Thorax
Sternum
Vertebra
Ribs
sacrumsacrum
Ala
Promotory
ArticularSurface
sacrumsacrum
coccyx
6
innominates
innominatesAcetabulum
