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Working with Analogies
Working with Analogies
SPI 0801.5.5 Choose a logical word to complete an analogy, using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories/subcategories, whole/part, functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled words, homophones.
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Analogies test your ability to:
Analogies test your ability to:
• Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
• Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
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OldYoung
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To answer an analogy question you must:
To answer an analogy question you must:
• Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
• Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
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Analogies look like this:
Analogies look like this:
Up:Down ::Over:Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
Up:Down ::Over:Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
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In what ways could these pairs of words be
related?
In what ways could these pairs of words be
related?• The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words
• The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words
I get it…they are opposites!
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Examples of possible relationships in an analogy:
Examples of possible relationships in an analogy:• Synonyms or antonyms• A part to the whole• A member to the category that contains
it• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)• Varying degrees of a quantity or quality• Object to function
• Synonyms or antonyms• A part to the whole• A member to the category that contains
it• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)• Varying degrees of a quantity or quality• Object to function
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Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Here is one example of Synonym relationships:
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________?Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________?
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:AdultInfant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult
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Here is one example of Antonym relationships:Here is one example of Antonym relationships:Big:Small::Full:_______?Big:Small::Full:_______?
Big:Small::Full:EmptyBig:Small::Full:Empty
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Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships:
Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships:
Wheel:Car::Branch:_______?Wheel:Car::Branch:_______?
Wheel:Car::Branch:TreeWheel:Car::Branch:Tree
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Here is one example of Member to Category
relationships:
Here is one example of Member to Category
relationships: Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______?Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______?
Apple:Fruit::Carrot:VegetableApple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable
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Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships:
Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships:
Sliver:Pain::Heat:__________Sliver:Pain::Heat:__________
Sliver:Pain::Heat:BoilSliver:Pain::Heat:Boil
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Here is one example Matters of Degree
relationships:
Here is one example Matters of Degree
relationships: Warm:Hot::Cool:______?Warm:Hot::Cool:______?
Warm:Hot::Cool:FrigidWarm:Hot::Cool:Frigid
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Here is one example of Object to Function
relationships:
Here is one example of Object to Function
relationships: Truck:Transport::Oven:______?Truck:Transport::Oven:______?
Truck:Transport::Oven:bakeTruck:Transport::Oven:bake
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PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
a) Synonyms or antonymsb) A part to the wholec) A member to the
category that contains itd) Cause to effect (or effect
to cause)e) Varying degrees of a
quantity or qualityf) Object to function
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PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
a) Synonyms or antonymsb) A part to the wholec) A member to the
category that contains itd) Cause to effect (or effect
to cause)e) Varying degrees of a
quantity or qualityf) Object to function
b
eafac
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Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy
questions:
Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy
questions:• Try to determine the precise relationship
between the words in the given pair• Form a sentence that captures the
relationship between the two words• Then look for the answer choice
containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion
• Try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair
• Form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words
• Then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion
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ExampleExampleAPPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : CoreE. Butterfly: Insect
APPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : CoreE. Butterfly: Insect
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ExampleExampleAPPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : Core
E.E. Butterfly:InsectButterfly:Insect
APPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : Core
E.E. Butterfly:InsectButterfly:Insect
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How do you know if you have a good sentence?How do you know if you have a good sentence?• Look at the answer choices• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is too general
• If none of them work, then your sentence is too specific
• Look at the answer choices• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is too general
• If none of them work, then your sentence is too specific
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ExampleExamplePEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : ComposeD. Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
PEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : ComposeD. Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
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ExampleExamplePEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : Compose
D.Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
PEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : Compose
D.Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
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Helpful Approaches con’t:Helpful Approaches con’t:• Pay attention to the order of the words in
the pair• Pay attention to the parts of speech• The relationships you need to explain will
be constant relationships• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive• Remember that a single word can have
several different meaning • Never decide on the best answer without
reading all the answer choices• Practice recognizing and formulating
relationships between word pairs
• Pay attention to the order of the words in the pair
• Pay attention to the parts of speech• The relationships you need to explain will
be constant relationships• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive• Remember that a single word can have
several different meaning • Never decide on the best answer without
reading all the answer choices• Practice recognizing and formulating
relationships between word pairs
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PracticePractice
Large : Big:: A. Remember : ForgetB. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
Large : Big:: A. Remember : ForgetB. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
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PracticePractice
Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
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PracticePracticeBat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : VenusD. Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
Bat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : VenusD. Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
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PracticePracticeBat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : Venus
D.Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
Bat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : Venus
D.Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
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PracticePractice
Come : Came::A. Walk : WalkingB. Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
Come : Came::A. Walk : WalkingB. Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
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PracticePractice
Come : Came::A. Walk : Walking
B.Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
Come : Came::A. Walk : Walking
B.Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
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Online PracticeOnline PracticeAnalogies GameAwesome AnalogiesGamequarium AnalogiesAnalogy of the Day
Analogies GameAwesome AnalogiesGamequarium AnalogiesAnalogy of the Day
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Written PracticeWritten PracticeSampler Daily AnalogiesUnderstanding AnalogiesAnalogies WorksheetAnalogies DiningAnalogies NotesAnalogies Graphic Organizer
Sampler Daily AnalogiesUnderstanding AnalogiesAnalogies WorksheetAnalogies DiningAnalogies NotesAnalogies Graphic Organizer