Transcript
Page 1: Academic English 10th Anthology

UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL A DISTANCIA COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A

DISTANCIA COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA

INGLÉS DÉCIMO

CÓDIGO: 80019

ANTOLOGÍAS CONED

2011

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El CONED agradece a HAZEL VIVIANA ALFARO SALAS por la elección y presentación

de los temas de la presente antología, así como el aporte a la educación secundaria a distancia.

Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los

datos, no implican de parte del CONED o la UNED juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de

personas, países, territorios, ciudades o de autoridades.

MATERIAL SIN FINES COMERCIALES PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DE

ESTUDIANTES DEL COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA

CONED

Dirección General: : Clara Vila Santo Domingo

Coordinación Académica: Jéssica Ramírez Achoy

Coordinación Administrativa: Jéssica Vega Barrientos

Asistente Coordinación Académica: Jonathan Soto

Coordinación de Inglés: Olman Alfonso Cantillo Badilla

Teléfonos 22-58-22-09 / 22-55-30-42 / 22-21-29-95

Página Web: http//www.coned.ac.cr

© 2011, CONED.

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INDEX .

10º LEVEL

1. Achievements of our national athletes………………………… 4

2. Costa Rican Art, music and

crafts…………………………………………………………….… 32

3. Costa Rican typical

food……………………………………………………………..... 45

4. Holidays and celebrations in Costa Rica with some celebrations in English

Speaking countries…………..................................................... 74

5. Causes and effects of natural resources

misuse…………………………………………………………….. 110

6. Tourist attractions offered by Costa Rican

Communities………………………………………………………. 137

7. Common illnesses and new diseases and

epidemics…………………………………………………………..... 160

8. Our Democratic

Tradition…………………………………………………………….. 186

9. Careers, jobs and

lifestyles………………………………………………………........... 200

10. Answer key………………………………………………………….. 222

11. Bibliography………………………………………………………… 225

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Objectives

Making use of new vocabulary and structures encountered in their reading to

respond orally and in writing.

Writing coherently and accurately on a range of factual and imaginative topics.

Drawing inferences.

Identifying the purpose of short messages

Understanding short and factual texts.

Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences.

Understanding conceptual meaning.

National athletes: lives and achievements.

Information questions: who, when, where, how fast/long, which, etc.

What sports does ____ play? Are you good at ____?

What’s his/her best ____?

Sports: swimming, diving, archery, canoeing, etc.

National athletes: achievements, biography, etc.

Functions:

Reporting and describing events.

Narrating information.

Asking for and giving information about national athletes, their lives and

achievements.

Sports and Equipment

Instructions. Match each of the following sports with the correct picture

below:

......skiing …….cycling …….badminton …….fishing

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……golf …….darts …….table-tennis …….running

……diving ……volleyball …….hockey …….boxing

……horse-riding …….motor-racing …...soccer …….football

…….ice skating ……basketball …….tennis …... baseball

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

8 9

1

0

11 12 13

14

15

16 17

18

19 20

Can you find the following sporting items in the pictures above? Write down

the correct numbers!

___boxing glove ___helmet ___snorkel ___flippers.

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___running track ___baseball bat ___golf club ___skates

___racing car ___hockey stick ___ basketball ___fishing rod

___saddle ___skis ___target ___basket

___net ___shuttlecock ___bicycle ___darts

___basketball ___tennis racket ___table-tennis ___running shoe

___football ___skiing-stick ___horse ___baseball glove

___badminton racket

Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.

1. score ___person who takes part in a sport or game

2. team ___someone who watches a sporting event

3. amateur ___a person who controls a sports match

4. match ___number of points or goals each team / player has

5. spectator ___someone who plays a sport as a paid job

6. professional ___a large group of peple who watch a sporting event

7. referee ___a group of sportsmen who play together

8. crowd ___an organized game e.g. of football

9. player ___a person who plays a sport for enjoyment, not for

money

Sports are very important for many people. If you want to express that someone is

nice, fair and a good friend you say,“He is a good sport!“

Are you sporting / sportive / sporty/ a sportswoman / a sportsman?

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What are your favourite kinds of sports? Write a short text about yourself!

How often do you play it? What equipment do you need to play it?

Scuba Diving in Costa Rica

Would you like to try scuba diving? Why or Why not? What animals would you like

to see in the ocean? What do you know about this activity? Look at some

important equipment needed to practice it.

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Taken from: http://louisvillediving.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/scuba-diver2.jpg

Read the following information about diving in Costa Rica.

Diving in Costa Rica

The ideal destination for adventure travelers, Costa Rica is filled with plenty to

see and much to do. A tropical haven for those who enjoy the outdoors, this

small country with its magnificent biodiversity is fast becoming one of the

hottest tourist destinations on the planet. Biologically intense on land as well as

underwater, Costa Rica offers nature lovers the perfect environment to view a

plethora of wildlife species in their natural habitat.

One of the best ways to get a first hand glimpse of Costa Rica’s stunning

underwater marine life is through a scuba diving tour. Scuba diving is all the

rage in Costa Rica at the moment, with many tour groups and travel agencies

now offering underwater trips and excursions. A number of dive companies are

also found all across the country, and scuba diving facilities in Costa Rica are

now world class. With professional PADI instruction courses as well as top

quality dive shops with equipment rental services, scuba diving here has

reached new heights.

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Massive schools of fish, an amazing array of marine life and an ideal water

temperature throughout the year, has meant that scuba diving conditions in

Costa Rica are near perfect. While some of the Pacific Coast of the country

does not have much to offer, as the underwater visibility is quite low; in places

like Playas del Coco, Playa Hermosa and Playa Ocotal, scuba diving is actually

quite good. Here one gets the opportunity to see giant manta rays, swimming

alongside brightly colored tropical fish and sharks.

One of the best scuba diving zones on the Pacific Coast is off Bahia Drake or

Drake Bay. Visit the Isla del Caño and the Isla del Coco off the bay and you will

be treated to some spectacular underwater sights. These two islands have an

abundance of marine life off their coast, where one can encounter sharks,

turtles and many different species fish. The Isla del Caño is said to be the best

place to scuba dive in the country. Home to 18 species of coral, 3 species of

dolphin and 57 different species of crustaceans, this tiny island is the ultimate

scuba diving spot.

On the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica, scuba diving is a real treat.

Unfortunately, this area has not been properly developed and the facilities for

scuba diving here are not as good as they are on the Pacific Coast. If you do

get the chance, scuba diving here on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica is well

worth your time, as the eastern section of Costa Rica is home to the country’s

only coral reef off the coast of the Parque Nacional Cahuita. Though seriously

damaged by an earthquake in 1991, the reef here is home to over 123 species

of fish, 140 species of mollusk, and 35 species of coral.

Taken from: http://www.govisitcostarica.com/category/outdoorRecreation/divingCompanies.asp

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Now, choose the correct answer to complete each stamement.

1. The word pethora in line 5 is a synonim for the word ___________

a. Poor

b. Over abundance

c. Lack of

d. Needed

2. The word stunning on line number 7 is a synonym for the

word________________________

a. Simple

b. Ugly

c. Regular

d. Breath Taking

3. Dive companies can be found ____________________________

a. Everywhere in Costa Rica

b. Only on the Coast

c. Only in the Carebbean

d. Only on Drake Bay

4. To practice diving in Costa Rica you _________________________

a. Must have your own equipment

b. Can rent the necesary equipment

c. Must have an international diploma

d. Should like animals

5. According to some people _______________ is the best place to practice

this sport

a. Isla del Cano

b. Drake Bay

c. Hermosa Beach

d. Ocotal Beach

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6. The _______________ is better than the _______________ to practice this

sport

a. Pacific Coast – Caribbean

b. Caribbean – Pacific Coast

c. Parque Nacional Cahuita – Ocotal

d. Ocotal – Parque Nacional Cahuita

Answer the following questions based on the reading.

1. What are some factors that makes Costa Rica an ideal place to practice

diving.

2. Where is Costa Rica’s only Coral Reef?

3. What can you find in Isla del Cano?

4. Why is it that the Caribbean Coast is not as good as the Pacific Coast?

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We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).

Question Word Function Example

What asking for information about

something

What is your name?

asking for repetition or

confirmation

What? I can't hear you.

You did what?

what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that

for?

When asking about time When did he leave?

Where asking in or at what place or

position

Where do they live?

Which asking about choice Which colour do you

want?

Who asking what or which person or

people (subject)

Who opened the door?

Whom asking what or which person or

people (object)

Whom did you see?

Whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?

GRAMMAR POINT

WH- QUESTIONS

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Whose turn is it?

Why asking for reason, asking

what...for

Why do you say that?

why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

How asking about manner How does this work?

asking about condition or quality How was your exam?

how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below

how far Distance How far is Pattaya from

Bangkok?

how long length (time or space) How long will it take?

how many quantity (countable) How many cars are

there?

how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do

you have?

how old Age How old are you?

how come

(informal)

asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see

her?

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Question Word Auxiliary Subject Verb Complement

Where Do They Go to school?

When Does Mary watch T.V.?

What Did You Do yesterday?

What time Do They get up every day?

Why Does John come late?

Who(m) Did Ann Go with?

How often Do They play soccer?

Let’s Practice!

Match the items on the right to the items on the left. Click on the boxes in the right hand column and drag them to the appropriate boxes in the left hand column.

Wh- Questions: Word Order

Where does George usually eat lunch? ( ) Who do you usually come to school with? ( ) What do you want to do this weekend? ( ) How much does it cost to fly from San Antonio to Mexico City? ( ) When does Barbara plan to buy a new car? ( ) What time does Helen have to be at work? ( ) How far is it from here to your house? ( ) Why do you always complain about your boss? ( ) How often do you go to the mall? ( )

1. Because she's very

mean to me.

2. At 8:30 a.m.

3. In October

.

4. Once a week.

5. Let's go to the beach.

6. About 10 miles.

7. About $500.

8. With my brother.

9. At the restaurant next

to the shoe store.

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Complete the questions by inserting DO, DOES, or DID.

1. What time _______________ James call you last night?

2. Where ______________ Karen want to go on her vacation?

3. How long ____________it usually take to drive from San Antonio to Dallas?

4. Why ____________Ken come to school on the bus today?

5. How often ____________ you go grocery shopping?

6. How far ______________ the boys run last Friday?

7. What ___________ Kathy want to do this weekend?

8. Who _____________ the boys go fishing with the other day?

Fill in the blanks to complete the questions.

1.

A: What time __________________ in the morning? (you)

B: I get up at 7:30 a.m.

2.

A: When__________________? (Tony)

B: He goes jogging every morning

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3.

A: Where___________________? (Randy)

B: He lives across the street from North Star Mall.

4.

A: Who_________________with? (Anna)

B: She comes to school with her brother.

6.

A: How much___________________to get an oil change? (it)

B: It costs about $30.00.

7.

A: What kind of car____________________? (your brother)

B: He has a Ford Taurus.

8.

A: What_______________________to buy at the mall? (you)

B: I want to buy a pair of black shoes and some blouses

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Change the statements to questions using the question word in parenthesis.

Check verb tense.

Example: The train arrived at ten o’clock.

(what time) What time did the train arrive?

1. They do their homework at night.

(when) ________________________________________________________

2. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.

(who) __________________________________________________________

3. The car is across the street from the house.

(where) ________________________________________________________

4. I like the red blouse, not the blue one.

(which) ________________________________________________________

5. She felt better after she took a nap.

(how)__________________________________________________________

6. That is an English book.

(what) __________________________________________________________

7. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday

(when) _________________________________________________________

8. She talked to him for an hour.

(how long) ___________________________________________________

9. He studies piano at the university.

(what) _______________________________________________________

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10. The party lasted all night.

(how long)____________________________________________________

11. The check was for $5.50.

(how much)_____________________________________________________

Reading

Before you read the text think about these questions.

1. Who is Lobito Fonseca?

2. What sport did he practice?

3. What do you know about him and this sport?

Now read Lobito Fonseca’s story

Born on September 3, 1981 in San José, Costa Rica, Fonseca began riding dirt

bikes at the age of 5. At 12 years old, his natural talent had led him to the

United States for a chance to race in mini-classes where he dominated the

80cc class. At this point, Ernesto decided to move up to the 125cc Pro class,

where the powerhouses of Costa Rican motocross such as Adrian Robert,

Rodolfo Peña, Arnoldo Beeche, and others had a tough battle for the

championship.

At first, there was a little controversy since MotoClub de Costa Rica has a rule,

that the minimum age to ride 125's was 17. In the end M.C.C.R. modified this

rule and Fonseca was perfectly legal in the 125cc class. It was in his first

exhibition race in la Guácima where Fonseca showed his talent by beating

Adrian Robert. From here on, Ernesto and Adrian Robert were the fans

favorites and the all time contenders for the 125cc & 250cc class titles, battling

one each other race after race. Ernesto's dominance also gave him several

125cc Latin American motocross championships. Fonseca kept a busy

schedule competing in winter Olympics and Loretta Lynn's amateur motocross

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championships where he met his long time friend Ricky Carmichael. In 1999,

Phil Alderton and Erik Kehoe of Yamaha of Troy would hire him to race the

AMA Supercross Series East.

It was just matter of time for Fonseca to step up to AMA motocross. AMA Pro

Racing, and Yamaha of Troy (Y.O.T.), embraced him and made him feel at

home. A confidence boost for Ernesto was also that he was understudy of

names like Jeremy McGrath, Jimmy Button & others.

That season he had certainly proven himself, winning the first five rounds of the

series, and the championship. For this, Fonseca was named the 1999 AMA

Rookie of the Year award and he went on to win the 125 East division

championship (first championship for Yamaha of Troy as a Team) aboard a

Yamaha YZ125R. Ernesto's second season at Y.O.T. was full of struggles as

he adapted from two to four-stroke bikes. In his third season, now accustomed

to his four-stroke bike and the different riding it requires, he went on to win the

west conference championship. He became the first rider to win both East and

West division championships and also the first rider to win Supercross on a

four-stroke.

As AMA rules state a rider must move to the 250cc Supercross class if they've

won two 125cc Supercross championships, Fonseca joined the American

Honda factory racing team in 2002 joining long time friend Ricky Carmichael.

At Honda, Carmichael helped Ernesto immensely, helping him improve in the

outdoor motocross championship. This was reflected by Fonseca usually

finishing in the top five.

Tragically, Fonseca's career came to an end due to a practice crash that broke

cervicals C5, C6 and C7. Ernesto Fonseca, a tough rider, remains a Costa

Rican motocross legend.

Taken from: www.wikipedia.com

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Now choose the best option to answer each question.

1. When did Lobito Fonseca start riding bikes?

a. When he was a teenager

b. When he was a young adult

c. When he was a child

d. When he was an adult.

2. Where did he have his first competition?

a. In La Guacima

b. In the USA

c. In Mexico

d. In San Jose, Costa Rica

3. For how many seasons did Fonseca participate in motor racing

championships?

a. One

b. Two

c. Three

d. Four

4. Why did Lobito’s career in motor cross end?

a. Because he didn’t want to participate more

b. Because he finished on the top five

c. Because he got injured in an accident

d. Because he needed to be older

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Answer these questions based on Lobito Fonseca’s bio

What was the rule that the MotoClub de Costa Rica have to change?

_________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

What was Fonseca doing when he got injured?

_________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

What are some categories Fonseca participated in?

_________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

What accomplishments did he get on his carrer?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each

sentence.

Juan Jose MadrigalPacheco us a Costa Rican athlete. He bécame the first

Costa Rican to compete in Atlanta’s Olympic Games. He debuted the team’s

efforts on July 20 in the 100 meter breaststroke. The 22 year old bachelor had

qualified for the Olympics in a test run in Cuba, where he clocked in at 1:05:54.

In Atlanta, Juan Jose finished the competition in 34th place.

Melissa Mata Corella was 16 years old when she competed in the Olympic

Games ran in Atlanta. She was the youngest member of the team and

competed on July 26, 1996 in the 20 meter butterfly. Melissa qualified with time

of 2:20:53.

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Andres Brenes Mata was the only tico cyclist to go to the Olympic Games in

Atlanta. He had a good shot at a medal after winning the silver Panamerican

Games in Mar de Plata Argentina (1995) and the Tour of Costa Rica and

Guatemala.

1. Juan Jose and Melissa ______________________________________.

a. Competed in the Panamerican Games

b. Held the first place in the race

c. Won an Olympic silver medal

d. Are both swimmers

2. Andres Brenes _______________ in Argentina

a. Was born

b. Won two medals

c. Got the second place

d. Qualified for the Olympics

3. Juan Jose Madrigal _________________________________________

a. Is a teenager

b. Lives in Cuba

c. Got the 22nd place

d. Is an unmarried man

4. Andres Brenes _____________________________________________.

a. Never competed in the Olympics

b. Won a silver medal in Mar de Plata

c. Got two gold medals in Guatemala

d. Finished 34th place in a competition.

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How much do you know about surfing?

Here are some important facts about it!

The art of surfing, called he'enalu in the Hawaiian language, was first observed

by Europeans in 1767, by the crewmembers of the Dolphin at Tahiti; however,

surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture and predates European

contact.

Equipment needed: Wet suit and a Surfboard, any other equipment is almost

optional.

Surfing Ranking (as April 2007) Costa Rica

Name Category Age Impressive

Fact

Favorite

Wave

Experience Hometown

Gilbert

Brown

Open* 23 2001-2002

National

Champion

Salsa

Brava

14 Puerto Viejo

Nino

Myrie

Open* 21 2002-2003

National

Champion

Salsa

Brava

and

Pavones

12 Puerto Viejo

Lisbeth

Vindas

Women’s

Bodyboar

d **

24 5-time National

Champion in

the Women’s

Category

Central

American

Women’s

Champion

Playa

Escondid

a

10 Jaco

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Natalie

Bernold

Women’s

Category

13 2005-2006

Junior

Women’s

Champion

Century 21

Coastal

Estates

Charity Surf

Classic

Avellana

Beach

7 Tamarindo

Include all the categories* ** with a smaller board.

1. People in that chart must ____________ to practice their sport

a. Wear spikes

b. use a helmet

c. Wear swimwear

d. practice on a court.

2. “Wave” refers to _____________ in the chart

a. The place where these people live

b. the place where they eat

c. Their favorite place to surf

d. a movement in the water

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3. The people in the chart are very young, __, they have lots of experience

a. Nevertheless

b. even

c. however

d. in addition

4. A hometown is the place where is the place where the surfers

a. Practice the sport

b. live

c. Study

d. their favorite wave is

5. Based only on the chart, you can infer that there _______ in Costa Rica

a. Are at least 2 categories

b. are more than 3 categories

c. Is only one surfing category

d. are at least 3 categories

6. Based only (not on your geographic knowledge) that ______ is a beach

a. Jaco

b. Tamarindo

c. Puerto Viejo

d. Salsa Brava

7. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life

a. Gilbert and Nino

b. Nino and Lisbeth

c. Nathalie and Gilberth

d. Lisbeth and Nathalie

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8. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life

e. Gilbert and Nino

f. Nino and Lisbeth

g. Nathalie and Gilberth

h. Lisbeth and Nathalie

Read the text below

Young Winners

When talking about successful Costa Rican athletes, we usually think of soccer

players like Paulo Cesar Wanchope or Gilberto Martinez, or we think of the

famous swimmers Claudia Poll or Silvia Poll because their achievements have

been truly outstanding, and at the same time they have become a symbol of

our national pride. However, sometimes we overlook the accomplishments of

other Costa Rican athletes that succeed in other disciplines, and in some

cases these people do not receive the recognition they deserve. For example,

have you heard of Juan Antonio Marin, Ernesto Fonseca or Marco Aurelio

Odio? They are these three men that have put the name of Costa Rica before

the word’s eyes and a little has been said about them. Therefore, below you

will find in plain words why they deserve credits.

First of all, let’s meet Juan Antonio Marin. This expert tennis player obtained

the Coqui Bowl Title in 1989 in Puerto Rico. At this time, he announced he

would do great things. He indeed kept his word when became the first and only

Costa Rican who has won the Copa del Café. In 1992 and 1993, he was twice

champion in doubles and by 1996, he had become a professional tennis

player. After winning against Marcelo Rios from Chile and Michael Chang from

the USA, Marin got his first title of the ATP in the open of Switzerland in

Bastad.

Secondly, a wolf in champion’s clothing Ernesto “Lobito” Fonseca, was

registered in the history as the first motorcycle pilot of the area that won a title

at the age of 17. This prize added to his early successful career: five Latin

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Americans titles, four Central American titles, four amateur tournaments in

USA, 12 national titles, and several other categories in motocross.

The third man to honor is Marco Aurelio Odio Gallardo, who is considered the

greatest Costa Rican bowler in history. He is the only Costa Rican player with

five perfect games (line of 300 points) four here in Costa Rica and one in

Miami. During his 19 years of career, he won La Raza two times (1989 and

1992). He has won the national tournament twice in 1995 and 96, once the

Central American in 1996, and he has won the isthmus’s Champion of

Champions tournament in times. He has also been to 10 World Tournaments.

These great competitors demonstrate that dreams come true when you work

hard for them.

Adapted from: nacion.com<http://www.nacion.com/In_ee/futbol/milenio/cien9/cien20.html

Based on the previous reading choose the option that best completes the

statements or question.

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is __________________________

a. There are successful soccer players

b. Claudia and Silvia Poll represent our National pride

c. Not all Costa Ricans athletes are recognized

d. Aurelio Odio has represented the country in the world

2. Juan Antonio Marin is a successful ____________________________

a. Bowler

b. Soccer player

c. Pilot

d. Tennis player

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3. Marin became a professional player in ___________________________

a. 1992

b. 1993

c. 1989

d. 1996

4. “Lobito” Fonseca made history when he won ______________________

a. a title the same year of his debut

b. the Latin American titles

c. Central American titles

d. An amateur tournament.

5. Marco Aurelio Odio’s greatest achievement was ___________________

a. Winning “La Raza” tournament

b. Doing five perfect games

c. Winning the isthmus Champion of Champions Tournament

d. Being in ten world tournaments

6. What these three athletes have in common is that __________________

a. The three of them are pilots

b. The three of them are recognized throughout the world

c. The three of them have succeeded at a very young age

d. None of them have worked hard for their goals.

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Now complete the chart below with the information about the athletes

mentioned in the article.

Athlete’s name Occupation Sport Achievements

Solve the following cross-word puzzle with these sentences.

Across

3. You need a racket to play ______

4. Claudia Poll is an outstanding __

5. An ______ takes part in sport

competitions

6. An oxygen tank is needed to

practice _______________

8. Tennis is played on a _________

9. ________ is a sport that requires

an arrow

10. You can ________ a wave or the

Down

1. ______ is one of the most popular

sport in the USA

2. Soccer is played on a ________

3. Bora and Guimaraes have been

_______ to the National Soccer

Team.

7. To ______ is to move on ice with

skates

8. ______ requires patience and

concentration

11. A _______ is a point scored when

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net.

13. In England soccer is called ____

14. A _______ is a physical activity

17. A _____ takes place when a

player hurts another intentionally

during the game

18. To _______ is to fight with gloves

the ball enters the goal.

12. ______ shows the best athletes in

the same category.

15. Do you like to __________

soccer?

16. __________ is a form of football

played with an egg-shaped ball.

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Objectives

Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.

Linking sentences and paragraphs, structuring ideas.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,

giving reasons

Making themselves understood with little or no difficulty.

Formulating propositions and answering propositions.

Selecting written material that is appropriate to their competence to read

independently.

Art crafts and music in Costa Rica:

Wh_ questions: which, when, what, how many, how, why, etc.

Who is a famous painter/writer?

Where does the ___ play?

Yes/no questions

Do you like/prefer ____?

Is he/she a ____?

Types of music: classical, popular.

Places: Gallery, theater, etc.

Different Kinds of Music!!

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There are many kinds of music. Can you match the different styles of music with some of its most famous and representative singers?

1. EMINEM

( ) Country Music

2. Marck Anthony

( ) Heavy Metal

3. Carrie Underwood

( ) Salsa and Tropical Music

4. Beyonce

( ) Rap Music

5.

( ) Pop Music

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Read the following text

Vegetables Back on the Scene

After two years of silence, Garbanzos is back to give a concert.

Ten years ago a group of teenagers got together and decided to form a music

group that, with time, would become one of the most emblematic Latin Rock

Bands in the Country: Garbanzos. However, two years ago their fans began to

suffer the silence of the band. They stopped listening to the lyrics and sounds

of Garbanzos. The reasons were several: one of its members Gustavo, got

married and left the band. Another had a car accident. “Everything came at the

same time”, said one of them but now they’re back: “We’re older, twenty-eight

on average but…” according to them “better than ever”.

After finishing their studies, the band is giving a concert, it only costs 1500

colones. They’re going to release their new recordings. These are fourteen

original songs compiled in a CD titled “Algo en la Vida” (Something in Life).

However, they’re going to play their old hits, too. It would be two hours of

Garbanzo’s best rock.

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the text above.

1. The Garbanzo’s have played ____________________

a. for eight years

b. for the last ten years

c. for the last two years

d. since they were teenagers

2. The Band stopped playing because ______________

a. The members became older

b. They wanted to finish their studies

c. They took time to prepare their new album

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d. There were changes and difficult situations in some of the band’s members

lives

3. The members of the Band Garbanzos are __________ on average

a. Teenagers

b. 10 years old

c. 28 years old

d. 38 years old

4. The Band is going to play ____________ during the concert

a. Only their new material

b. A mixture of their new and old songs

c. The music that made them famous ten years ago

d. Fourteen songs from their album “Algo en la Vida”

Read the following text

Jacques who…? Who is he?

A writer and a musician, Jacques Sagot has become one of the most

prominent personalities in the cultural panorama in Costa Rica. Feeling this

passion for both kinds of art, Sagot studied music and became of the most

celebrated pianist Costa Rica has ever had.

As a writer, he prefers to write short stories and articles for newspapers.

Among his works, we can find Cuentos Magicos y Goticos (Magic and the

Gothic Tales) published in 1998, where the writer bases his tales on fantasy.

Cuentos de Plenilunio (Full Moon Tales) published in 2001, is his second

book. This time the author remains faithful to the narrative style and fantastic

world shown in his previous publication.

Besides these two books, Sagot has published a work titled Ella (She) and

the first volume of Pensamiento en forja (Thoughts under Construction),

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whose second volume was released last year. In these two volumes, he

compiles the articles he has published on page 15 for La Nacion from 1988 to

the present. So the next time you listen to this uncommon name, you will

know who this prolific artist is.

Choose the correct option that completes each sentence based on the

reading above.

1. The text emphasizes to the work of Sagot as _________

a. A pianist mostly

b. A writer exclusively

c. A journalist in La Nacion

d. Booth a musician and a writer

2. In his second book Sagot ________________

a. Writes magic and gothic stories

b. Tries a new way to write short stories

c. Keeps a similar style and topic as in his first book

d. Continues with the second volume of his first book

3. The two volumes of Pensamiento en Forja have been __________

a. Released in 2006

b. Considered fantastic

c. Published by La Nacion

d. Written from 1988 to the present

Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each

sentence.

Arts Fest will Go On

Organizers of the beleaguered Festival of the Arts, set to begin this weekend in

Limon, were plowing forward at press time, despite a local strike which

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threatened to end the festival before it begins.

The Festival of the Arts is set to offer a wide range of local talent and big name

San Jose- acts, including a multi-genre mix of music, dance, theater and

poetry, with events in Limon, Cahuita and Guapiles from September 19-27

The popular festival was temporarily grounded once before, when Minister of

Culture attempted to shut it down, citing a lack of involvement and interest by

the national public and decreased performance quality. The Minister

subsequently reserved his decision and named a committee to ensure quality

and wide range at this year’s festival.

Festival of the Arts press spokesperson Ana Beatriz Fernandez said organizers

hoped the strike would end promptly, but claimed all events would continue as

scheduled.

The Tico Times, September 19, 2003 (Adapted)

1. The organizers of the Festival of the Arts fear that the ________affects it.

a. Strike in Limon

b. Absence of music

c. Schedule in Cahuita

d. Low quality of music

2. The Festival of Arts lasts ________________

a. Nine days

b. Nineteen days

c. Almost 15 days

d. About two weeks

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3. According to the text, _____________ tried to close the festival because of

its low quality.

a. Organizers

b. Some strikers

c. The Minister of Culture

d. Ana Beatrice Fernandez

4. The Festival of the Arts ______________

a. Was created by Ms. Fernandez

b. Offers diverse events

c. Was forbidden by the Minister

d. Is an unpopular event.

Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

Born in San Jose in 1934, Rafa Fernandez attended the Casa del Artista art

school in Guadalupe, a suburb northeast of San Jose, before accepting a

scholarship to the School of Fine Arts in Nicaragua. There he studied with

Rodrigo Penalba, an influence that would later be reflected in Fernandez’s use

of tone and color. Also influencing the artist’s style and expression would be

the time spent in Spain studying at the Circle of Fine Arts in Madrid. His works

have gained international distinction and have been shown in France, Spain,

the United States, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua and Guatemala.

In his exploration of the human figure, Fernandez employs a magical realism

that is central to his feminine characters. With explosions of color, he creates

the archetypal beauty using themes of desire and fascination combined with

soft and hard form.

The Tico Times, February 4, 2005

1. Rafa Fernandez studied in ___________________

a. Panama

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b. Colombia

c. Nicaragua

d. Guatemala

2. Rodrigo Penalba inspired Rafa Fernandez to ____________________

a. Study at the Casa del Artista

b. Accept a scholarship

c. Use tone and color

d. Go to Spain

3. Rafa Fernandez _____________________ in Spain

a. Studied with Mr. Penalba

b. Got his style and expression

c. Gained international distiction

d. Worked in the Circle of Fine Arts

4. Rafa Fernandez paints ____________________

a. Human figures

b. Antique figures

c. Typical portraits

d. Colored photographs.

Read the text. Choose the best alternative to answer the questions.

The three-time Grammy award winning musical trio Editus realized their vision

with the opening of the Editus Arts Academy. The Academy has 50 students,

and Ednin Solis expects 400 students to be enrolled, working within a broad

range of musical styles. Solis’ vision for the academy and the types of courses

offered is similar to the trio’s music: a blend of style from across the musical

spectrum.

Editus, an all-instrumental group, “works in parallel with classical and

contemporary music”, Solis said. In keeping with that style, the academy has

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tried to break from the traditional concept of formal musical training and expand

the focus from solely classical to styles such as rock, jazz, Latin and electronic.

Not limited to music or convention, the academy lends its unique perspective to

Costa Rican artist in the field of theater, dance, painting, literature, film and

poetry through workshops.

1. What’s Editus’ main achievement? They ______________________

a. Launched an academy

b. Play instrumental music

c. Won the Grammy Award

d. Got a national trophy twice

2. What’s Editus’ expectation? To ________________

a. Have hundreds of students

b. Enroll fifty students

c. Open an academy

d. Found a new trio

3. What kind of music does Editus play?

a. A mix of styles

b. Formal music

c. Choral music

d. autochthon

4. What type of courses does Editus offer in their academy? Courses _____

a. Specialized in formal music

b. On musical instruments

c. On sculpture and design

d. In different art fields.

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Imagine you’re going to interview Jorge Jimenez Deredia. What would

you ask him about his career and achievements? Create a draft you’re

your interview with at least 10 questions.

My Interview with Jimenez Deredia

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Read the following text carefully.

Sarchi

Costa Rica is full of delightful places, but Sarchi stands out for the precision,

skill, charm and crafts of its arts which are the best in Costa Rica. Sarchi is

alson known for its carpentry. Josefinos come here to buy skillfully crafted

wooden chairs, tables and beds. These things might be a bit impractical for

foreign visitors to take home, but there are leather comfortable and wood

rocking chairs that can be folded to transport. Beautiful and useful bowls,

plates, cutting boards, napkin holders and the like of all made of native

hardwoods, are also available.

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The pretty town of Sarchi is most famous for the brightly colored, artfully

painted oxcarts, in all sizes, that are made there. Visitors are welcome to enter

the “fábricas de carretas” and watch the master artist at work on miniature

versions of the carretas which are famous worldwide.

Now choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1. The reading says that Sarchi ________________________

a. Is full of things that can be folded to transport

b. Displays garde ornaments in leather

c. Stands for geometrical designs

d. Is the place of fine arts

2. A Sarchi article which is famous around the world is the _____________

a. Wood and leather rocking chair

b. Miniature version of the cart

c. Handmade napkin holder

d. Wooden table.

Now answer these questions based on the reading about Sarchi

1. Why is Sarchi such a popular tourist site?

__________________________________________________________

2. What size ox-carts are sold?

_____________________________________________________________

3. What items do people buy in Sarchi?

_____________________________________________________________

4. What wooden and leather item is made to for travelers to carry?

_____________________________________________________________

5. What kind of wood do the artisans use to make their crafts?

_____________________________________________________________

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Objectives

Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,

modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.

Identifying text types.

Identifying the purpose of short messages

Identifying details in familiar material.

Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion

devices.

Producing pieces of writing of various lengths on real and imaginary subjects.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,

giving reasons.

Typical food:

What are the most popular dishes in your community?

What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, etc. ____?

Which, when, how, what kind of____?

Do/does ____ like ____?

What's typical from____? etc.

Functions:

Convincing people to do something.

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Look at these two recipes. One of them is to prepare chili con carne and

the other is to prepare pancakes. Arrange them according to the recipe.

Ingredients:

chili powder 1 tbsp salad oil

1 cup onion 1/2 cup green pepper

1 lb beans maple syrup

1 clove garlic 1-1/2 cups milk

1 tbsp butter 1 tbsp sugar

2 cups celery butter for frying

1/2 cup flour 2 cans of tomatoes

1/2 tsp salt 1 lb ground beef

2 eggs

Directions:

• Simmer uncovered for 45 minutes.

• In a very big pot add in oil and sauté

garlic, onion, celery, and green pepper

until onion is light brown.

• Slowly add the flour into the eggs

and gradually add milk until everything

is completely mixed.

• Once the vegetables are cooked,

add ground beef. Then cook until

brown.

• Cover the bottom of a frying pan with

butter and spoon in a small amount of

pancake mixture.

• Stir in kidney beans, tomatoes, salt,

and chili powder.

• Melt the butter in a small pot. Then

sift the flour, salt, and sugar into a

large mixing bowl.

• Mince garlic and chop onions, green

pepper, and celery.

• Dig a hole in the center of the flour

and break in the eggs.

• When the pancake bubbles, flip it

over and cook until it is brown

Serve with maple syrup.

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Now write the ingredients and procedures appropriately for each recipe.

Chili con Carne

Ingredients:

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

Procedures:

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

Pancakes

Ingredients:___________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

____________________________

Procedures:_______________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

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Fruit Vocabulary

1. Grapes 2. Pineapples 3. Bananas 4. Apples 5. Peaches 6. Pears 7. Apricots 8. Plums

9. Grapefruit 10. Oranges 11. Lemons 12. Limes 13. Tangerines 14. Avocadoes 15. Cantaloupes

16. Cherries 17. Strawberries 18. Raspberries 19. Blueberries 20. Papayas 21. Mangoes 22. Coconuts 23. Nuts

24. Watermelon 25. Dates 26. Prunes 27. Raisins 28. Not ripe 29. Ripe 30. Rotten

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Vegetables

1. Lettuce

2. Cabbage

3. Carrots

4. Zucchini

5. Radishes

6. Beets

7. Sweet

peppers

8. Chili

peppers

9. Celery

10. Parsley

11. Spinach

12. Cucumbers

13. Squash

14. Turnips

15. Broccoli

16. Cauliflower

17. Scallions

18. Eggplants

19. Peas

20. Artichokes

21. Potatoes

22. Yams

23. Tomatoes

24. Asparagus

25. String beans

26. Mushrooms

27. Corn

28. Onions

29. Garlic

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Meat and Poultry

Beef

1. Roast Beef

2. Steak

3. Stewing beef

4. Ground

5. Beef

Beef ribs

6. Veal

cutlets

7. Liver

8. tripe

Pork

9. Ham

10. Pork chops

11. Bacon

12. Sausage

Lamb

13. Lamb

Shanks

14. Leg of

lamb

15. Lamb

chops

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Poultry

16. Chicken

17. Turkey

18. duck

19. breasts

20. wings

21. thighs

22. drumsticks

23. gizzards

24. raw

chicken

25. Cooked

chicken

Containers and Packaged Food

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1. Bottle

2. Jar

3. Can

4. Carton

5. Container

6. Box

7. Bag

8. Package

9. Six-pack

10. Loaf

11. Roll

12. Tube

13. A bottle of

soda

14. a jar

15. a can of

soup

16. a carton of

eggs

17. a container

of cottage

cheese

18. a box of

cereal

19. a bag of

flour

20. a package

of cookies

21. a six pack

of soda

22. a loaf of

bread

23. a roll of

paper

towels

24. a tube of

toothpaste

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Food and drink

2

1 1 11 12

10 10 11

13 5

5 12

2 4

3 3 7

6 7 8

9

9

8 4 6

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Across

Down

1. Sweet food made by mixing flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc.

2. Two slices of bread with food between them

3. A sweet brown food made from cacao seeds

4. An oval object with a hard shell

6. A green or purple berry made for

making wine

5. A red vegetable often eaten in

salads or cooked

8. A vegetable with a stem and cap

which grows rapidly

7. A plant with large green leaves

10. A long thin orange vegetable that grows under the ground

9. A white liquid

13. A type of a small cake that is

thin, hard and usually sweet

11. A large vegetable with green leaves and a white round centre that you cook and eat

12. A vegetable with many layers and brown skin which has strong smell and taste

Cooking Vocabulary

Match the words with the according picture.

Read the recipe and complete it instead of the pictures.

a b c

d e

f

g

g

h

i

j

Pour

Stir

Cut

Fry

Grill

Melt

Peel

Bake

Add

Boil

Chop j

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Brownies

Ingredients

1+1/3 cup _____________________

1+½ cup _______________________

4 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder

1 teaspoon baking powder

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

¾ cup (170 g) ______________________

3 fl oz (0.9 dl) boiling _________________

3 ____________________

4 oz (120 g) ___________________

5 oz (150 g) chopped walnuts or pecan nuts

Frosting

1/3 cup (75 g) ___________________

8 oz (220 g) sweet or semisweet _______________________

2 tablespoon light corn syrup

2 tablespoon hot espresso or very strong coffee

Recipe taken from:

http://www.cacaoweb.net/brownies.html

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Method

Preheat _____________ to 350 deg F (Gas mark 4 or 180 deg C).

Line a 13 x 9 in (33 x 23 cm) cake tin with grease proof or other non-stick paper

and grease the tin. Put it in the ________________________

Put the ________________ in a saucepan.

In a bowl mix _________________ ____________, , cocoa powder,

baking powder and vanilla extract.

Add _________ melted and hot ________ and stir until smooth.

add _______________ and nuts.

______________ at 350 degrees F until a wooden pick inserted in

center comes out clean, approximately 20-30 minutes.

Cool the __________________ . Glace with the

______________________frosting.

For the frosting, add ___________ ,___________syrup and coffee

and heat in a double boiler until melted.

Mix until smooth and spread over the cake.

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Label the pictures. Use the word bank.

___________________ ______________________

_________________ _______________________

______________________________

Now fill in the blanks based on the pictures above.

a. Burgers are grilled on a barbecue

b. Water is ______________ in a saucepan on the stove

c. Cookies are ____________________ in an oven

d. Chicken is ____________________ in a frying pan.

e. Hot dogs are ______________ over a fire.

Let’s Practice the Vocabulary

Unscramble these words, use the clues.

a. To mix with a spoon ( i t r s ) _____________

b. To combine two ingredients or to put them together ( d a d) ___________

c. To cook something in an oven ( k a b e ) _____________________

d. To heat liquid until it reaches 100 o C ( I b i o ) _____________________

e. To serve a liquid like coffee, tea or water ( u r p o ) ________________

Grilled roasted boiled baked fried

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f. To chop, divide or slice something with a sharp instrument like a knife.

( t u c) __________________

g. To liquefy or dissolve by heating (e m t l ) __________________

h. To stir or whisk vigorously ( a e t b ) ______________________

Read the following recipe by writing the appropriate verb. Use the words on

the box to complete it.

Chocolate Cake

4 oz of sugar

4 oz of flour

4 oz of butter

1 bar of chocolate

2 eggs

½ tsp vanilla

_____________ the sugar and butter together in a mixing

bowl, then ___________ two eggs and __________ the whole

mixture. _____________ flour a little at a time. _________ a

chocolate bar in a pan over low heat and _________ to the

rest. ___________ this mixture into a greased cake pan, and

_________ for 40 minutes at 350o C

Then when it’s ready _____________ into pieces and offer it

to your friends and family!

Bon Appetite

Beat

Pour

Cut

Add (twice)

Mix (twice)

Melt

Bake

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Food Adjectives

Bland Sweet Sour green

Cylindrical Indian Round Spicy Hot Cold Oval

Italian soft

Crumbly

Creamy Delicious Japanese Crunchy

oily Crispy

Cream white Hard Fluffy

Chinese Chewy

Disgusting purple

Put the adjectives above under the correct tables.

Taste Shape Colour Texture origin

sweet

round

green

chewy

Chinese

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Read the following excerpt.

Costa Rican Cuisine Dictionary

Arracache: a delicious root that is cooked in a picadillo, usually eaten with

corn tortillas in gallos.

Bocas: Complimentary food served with drinks as an appetizer or between

meals

Ceviche: Diced raw fish mixed with onion, garlic, cilantro and lime juice,

usually served as a snack with crackers, ketchup and mayonnaise.

Chifrijo: Tender Beans, avocado, toasted tortillas, tomato and fried pork, one

of the most popular bocas nowadays.

Empanadas: (Corn turnovers) Tortillas folded in two forming a shell and fried

in oil, filled with beans, mashed potatoes, pork, sausage, beef, cheese … or

sweet ones filled with pineapple jelly or others.

Frescos: Fresh fruit drinks made with sugar, fruit, water or milk. Some of the

most popular ones are tamarind, lemon, star fruit, and cas in water; or

blackberry, papaya and guanabana (sour sop) in milk.

Gallos: Corn tortilla with meat, beef, chicken, beans, white cheese, or picadillo

in it.

Rice and Beans: Gallo pinto cooked in coconut milk and served with chicken,

a typical dish from the Caribbean area.

Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence based on the previous

excerpt.

1. Bocas are ________

a. Desserts

b. Snacks

c. Side dishes

d. Main course

2. A difference between empanadas and gallos is that empanadas _______

a. Are fried, and gallos aren’t

b. Are made with corn, and gallos are not.

c. Are prepared with tortillas, and gallos aren’t

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d. May be filled with cheese and gallos may not.

3. The fact that both ____________ is a similarity between chifrijo and

ceviche.

a. Are made with fish

b. Must be eaten warm

c. Are served as appetizers

d. Have corn in their preparation.

Tamales:

Pati:

Hamburguers:

Hot Dogs:

What’s your favorite typical food?

__________________________________________________________

How often do you eat it?

__________________________________________________________

How do you prepare it?

__________________________________________________________

Can you say what’s in other meals?

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Where do you usually eat it?

__________________________________________________________

How to prepare a delicious Ceviche

Ingredients:

1 lb (450 g) white fish

1 small onion

1 clove garlic

Chopped cilantro

¾ cup of lime juice

¼ teaspoon of salt

Mild pepper

Preparation

Dice fish. Mix onion, garlic and the chopped ingredients. Add the lime juice.

Mix all the ingredients and refrigerate at least two hours.

Serving

You may serve it with mayonnaise, ketchup and boiled green plantains.

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the

previous recipe.

1. Three of the ingredients in the ceviche are ________

a. Onion, garlic and ketchup

b. Green plantains, fish and chili

c. Chopped fish, lime juice and chopped cilantro

d. Lime juice, mayonnaise and chopped cilantro.

2. In this recipe the fish is ____________

a. Raw

b. Ripe

c. Fried

d. Boiled

3. Ceviche is a ___________ dish

a. Hot and salted

b. Cold and sweet

c. Salted and cold

d. Sweet and warm

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Read this e-mail

Hi, Becky

I got your list of questions about Costa Rican typical food. I love cooking and my

mom is a great cook too! First of all, the main ingredients of our food are rice, corn,

beans, coriander, garlic, oregano, a version of Worcestershire sauce, fresh fruit,

meat and vegetables. Our food is usually mild. And every dish is tastier if you

prepare it in a wood burning-stove. We usually have breakfast, lunch, dinner and a

coffee break. For breakfast, we usually have coffee or sugar cane hot drink, bread,

butter, sour cream, cereal or scrambled eggs. The most common dishes are the

“gallo pinto” (literally it means spotted roaster! I’ll send you the recipe) and

“casado” (married man dish). The casado consists of white rice, black or red beans

served with pork, steak, fish or chicken, a portion of salad, some picadillo (chopped

vegetables, with or without meat) and / or fried ripe plantain. This dish is usually

eaten for lunch or dinner. Other traditional dishes are rice with chicken or with

shrimps (my favorite), tripe soup, olla de carne (beef soup), tortillas (like the burrito

tortillas you eat in the USA, but made of corn flour), tamales (cornmeal, stuffed

with pork or chicken, wrapped in bananas leaves and boiled).

Some traditional drinks are horchata (made with ground rice) and resbaladera

(made with rice and barley). In addition, we make juice of almost any fruit we have.

For example, I love blackberry, mango, and passion fruit juice. Among desserts,

the most common ones are rice pudding and fruit salad. For coffee break, people

usually have coffee and some pastry or bread with sour cream; I like yoghurt and

fresh fruit, though.

Hope this information will help with your assignment! Write soon and tell me about

American Food.

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Now based on the e-mail read the sentences and write if they’re True or

False. Write (T) or (F) or NG if the information is not given.

Statement T/F/NG

Becky is a good cook

Carla’s mother can cook

Carla has pastry and coffee for coffee break

Casado has some kind of meat in it

The recipe of gallo pinto is described

Mondongo soup is made with beef

Picadillo is made with vegetables

Food is better if prepared in a wood stove

Imagine you invite a Canadian friend for lunch. Write a well-balanced, typical

Costa Rican menu.

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Read the text and choose the best alternative that best completes each

sentence

Costa Rica Style with a “Chorreador de Café”

We are well acquainted with the traditional way of coffee brewing. Our coffee

machines are quite popular throughout the country, many of us are still using the

traditional “chorreador de cafe”. You will find those at the Central Market or just e-

mail us, we usually have on stock… ask for information at

[email protected]

The Costa Rican method is simple. All you need is a wooden stand with a round

hole at the top. There you place a cloth filter to hold the ground coffee (two

tablespoons of fine ground coffee per cup). Bring water to a boil and pour it down

the filter and into the coffeepot, which has been placed underneath the cloth filter.

It is critically important to bring water to a boil; otherwise coffee will lose its aroma

and flavor properties.

1. The use of “chorreador de café” is very ________ in Costa Rica?

a. Ancestral

b. Restricted

c. Uncommon

d. Inexpensive

2. The “chorreador de cafe” __________

a. Is made by [email protected]

b. Has a hole on the base

c. Is made of wood

d. Boils water

3. You need _____ to filter the coffee

a. A round hole

b. A fabric bag

c. Cold water

d. A coffeepot

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4. Using very hot water, makes be _______

a. Acid

b. Flavorless

c. Bitter and insipid

d. Fragrant and savory

Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each

sentence.

“Tico” food is neither spicy nor, in many respects unfamiliar. It is built around the

basis of rice, beans, corn, vegetables, meat, chicken or fish and usually served

with corn tortillas. Breakfast typically features a delicious mixture of rice and black

beans known as “gallo pinto” which may be accompanied by eggs, corn tortillas

and sour cream. Calorie counters may prefer a tropical fruit plate of papaya,

watermelon, pineapple, bananas and, in season, mango or cantaloupe. Casados,

popular at midday, are huge plates of white rice, beans, fried plantains, salad,

cheese, diced vegetables and your choice of meat, chicken or fish. Hearty soups

are a favorite for dinner. Commonly served desserts include caramel or coconut

flan, several type of pudding, and a cake called “tres leches”. The fresh fruit

drinks, are flavorful and healthy. Any kind of fruit, from strawberries to mango, is

mixed in a blender with crushed ice, either water or milk and a little honey or

sugar.

Adapted from Costa Rica Horizons

1. Costa Rican food is ____________

a. Commonly served with watermelon

b. Mainly based on rice and beans

c. Based on tropical fruits

d. Spicy and unfamiliar

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2. The favorite dish people enjoy at lunch is __________

a. A soup

b. A casado

c. Diced vegetables

d. Several types of pudding

3. A “tres leches” is _____________

a. a mixture of water, milk and honey

b. one of the favorites after meals

c. made of caramel and coconut

d. flavorful and healthy

4. Gallo Pinto is typically served at ________________

a. breakfast

b. lunch

c. dinner

d. any time

Creative Cooking By Christine Dietz – The Tico Times Staff

Flat Bread (Makes 2-3 flat loaves)

5 cups wheat flour

5 tbsp dry yeast

½ tsp. salt

1 1/3 cup warm water

1 tsp olive oil

1 tbsp water

1 egg yolk

1 tsp. honey

1 tbsp. linseed

2 tbsp. sesame seeds

Disolve Yeast in 1/3 cup of warm wáter. Place fluor and

salt in a bowl and form a well. Pour in yeast. Add rest of

water and knead with greased hands (use some olive oil)

until the dough becomes soft and non-sticky. Cover bowl

with a kitchen cloth and let stand in a warm place for 30

minutes until dough has doubled in size.

Form flats by stretching the dough with your hands,

leaving ends thick. Place on a greased baking tray. Press

your fingers slightly on the flat, forming rhombic patterns.

Mix water, yolk, honey and olive oil in a small cup and

spread on the flats. Sprinkle with linseeds and sesame

seeds. Preheat oven and bake under minimum heat for

15 minutes and under highest heat for 30 minutes until

flats become well browned

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1. To make flat bread, first you ________________

a. Dissolve flour and salt in warm water

b. Spread 1 egg yolk on tray

c. Melt 5 tbsp. yeast in water

d. Add 5 cups wheat flour

2. After pouring the yeast into a bowl with flour and salt, you _________

a. Add 1 tsp. olive oil

b. Grease the bowl with olive oil

c. Add more flour and salt and knead it

d. Annex more water and mix with oiled hands

3. To bake the bread, you need to ________________

a. Sprinkle the tray with linseeds and sesame seeds

b. Preheat the oven for 45 minutes

c. Spread honey in the tray

d. Heat the oven in advance

Read the information. Choose the appropriate alternative to answer each

question.

a. I’m going to prepare a special dish today

b. What is it? Paella, shrimps or what?

a. It’s a ham, potato and cheese soup

b. Soup? Let’s see what it includes to be a special dish?

a. You need 12 peeled and cubed large potatoes, two finely chopped onions,

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two pounds of processed cheese, one pound of cubed ham, ground black

pepper, 3 tablespoons of all purpose flour; one cup of milk and water.

b. And how do you prepare this special soup?

First, you place the potatoes, onions, and cubed ham in a large pot; a cover

them with water. Then, you cook the potatoes until they’re almost tender.

Remove about one cup of cooked potatoes and mash in a bowl with the back

of the fork. So, you add some of the liquid from the pot along with the flour and

cheese until you have a thick paste. Add this back to the pot. Finally, let the

soup boil and add pepper to taste.

1. How many ingredients does the person use to prepare the recipe?

a. Twenty

b. Eleven

c. Eight

d. Ten

2. What does the person advice to do first? To ____________________

a. Add pepper and cheese

b. Mix water and hot milk

c. Mash potatoes in a bowl

d. Cook the potatoes, onions and ham

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3. Which ingredients are used to thick the paste?

a. Water and rolls

b. Milk and black pepper

c. Cubed ham and onions

d. Flour, cheese and potatoes

4. What´s the last step on preparing the soup? To __________________

a. Cut onions into cubes

b. Add pepper when boiling

c. Remove the cooked potatoes

d. Place potatoes in a large pot.

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HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS IN COSTA RICA WITH SOME

CELEBRATIONS IN ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Fourth Topic

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Objectives

Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences,

Identifying the purpose of short messages.

Criticizing.

Summarizing the gist of new items, messages and narratives.

Identifying details in familiar material.

Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion

devices

Adapting clearly, formal and informal writing styles at a simple level.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,

giving reasons

Current events and holiday celebrations:

What's your favorite celebration?

When is it celebrated?

How is it celebrated?

My family is used to going /eating, celebrating, etc. on____?

I prefer ____, etc.

Functions:

Reporting on current events and holidays celebrations.

Requesting and giving information on current events and celebrations.

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Holidays Vocabulary

1. New Year’s Day

2. Parade

3. Confetti

4. Valentine’s Day

5. Card

6. Heart

7. Independence Day

or 4th of July

8. Fireworks

9. Flag

10. Halloween

11. Jack-o’-lantern

12. Mask

13. Costume

14. Candy

15. Thanksgiving

16. Feast

17. Turkey

18. Christmas

19. Ornament

20. Christmas Tree

A. Plan a party

B. Invite Guess

C. Decorate the

house

D. Wrap a gift

E. Hide

F. Answer the door

G. Shout “Surprise!”

H. Light the candles

I. Sing “Happy

Birthday”

J. Make a wish

K. Blow out the

candles

L. Open the presents

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Holydays and Festivals

Think about these questions and answer them

What is the most important celebration in Costa Rica?

_______________________________________________________________

How do you celebrate it?

_______________________________________________________________

Which country would you like to go to participate in the carnivals?

________________________________________________________________

Barranquilla’s Carnival

This carnival is celebrated in Barranquilla,

Colombia. It is on the second weekend in

February. Colombians have four famous

events in the carnival: “The Battle of the

Flowers”, “The Great Parade”, “The

Orchestra Festival” and the “Vallenato

Festival”. They finish the carnival with the

death of “Joselito’s Carnival”

Rio de Janeiro’s Carnival

The anual carnaval in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil started around

1840, Brazilians celebrate this

famous carnaval at the beggining

of february. They offer prizes for

both costumes and music; the

competition results in a varied

and imaginative entries in both

categories. It is the most famous

carnival in the world.

April Fool’s Day

April Fool’s Day is celebrated in the USA

on April 1st, Americans play small tricks

on their best friends and relatives by

making them believe facts/things which

are not real or by putting them in

embarrassing situations that make them

feel ridiculous in front of others. One

common trick on this day is making an

appointment with somebody and then not

showing up. These are some other

practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar

bowl for the next person to use it. College

students set their clocks an hour behind,

so their roommates show up at the wrong

class. Most April Fool Jokes are in good

fun and aren’t meant to offend anyone.

The Day of the Death

The Day of the Death is

celebrated in Mexico on

November 2nd. It is when

Mexican families spend at the

cemetery visiting the graves of

their relatives, cleaning up and

painting their headstones. They

always arrange flowers for the

dead and light candle lights.

They offer food to their dead and

then they have lunch together

there.

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Fill out the Chart based on the previous information

What is the name of the

celebration?

Where do they celebrate it?

When do they celebrate it?

How do they celebrate it?

Rio de Janeiro Brazil

On November 2nd

Barranquilla’s

Carnival

April Fool’s Day

Classify the following words or phrases in each group.

Wine dancing sending cards candy

Desserts chicken putting on a costume Halloween

Receiving gifts day of the Dead Thanksgiving New Year’s Eve

Christmas cake

Activities Food Celebration

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Jane is talking to her mom, Kate. She couldn’t be with her family on

Thanksgiving. Read their conversation

a. Hello,Mom

b. Hi, darling. Did you call me this morning?

a. Yes I did. But you weren’t at home. Mom, I’m really sorry that I couldn’t be

with you last Thursday for Thanksgiving.

b. What happened?

a. Well, I didn’t book my flight in advance from Washington to Tallahassee.

When I went to the airport all the tickets had been sold. What did you do on

Thanksgiving?

b. Dad, Mary and Sally were at home. We all prayed and had dinner together.

We ate turkey, cranberries, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. It was a

wonderful evening.

a. Sounds great! I just stayed at the university dormitories with two friends of

mine. In the morning, there was a mass at the university chapel and I went

with them

b. I hope you come next year

a. I promise. I’ll see you in December, Mom.

b. Bye, sweetie.

Check “Jane” or “Kate” to specify who did each action

Jane Kate

She couldn’t fly to

Washington

She went to a mass

She prayed with her

family

She ate thanksgiving

dinner

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The Simple Past Tense

Uses

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a

specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the

specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday.

I didn't see a play yesterday.

Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

Did you have dinner last night?

She washed her car.

He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These

actions happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

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He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and

met the others at 10:00.

Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A

duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years,

for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years.

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

They sat at the beach all day.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

A: How long did you wait for them?

B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It

can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking

about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never,

when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

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Examples:

I studied French when I was a child.

He played the violin.

He didn't play the piano.

Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which

are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar

to the expression "used to."

Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

He didn't like tomatoes before.

Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular

verbs and regular verbs:

V1

base

V2

past

V3

past participle

regular

verb

work

explode

like

worked

exploded

liked

worked

exploded

liked

The past form for

all regular verbs

ends in -ed.

irregular

verb

go

see

went

saw

gone

seen

The past form for

irregular verbs is

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sing sang sung variable. You

need to learn it by

heart.

You do not need the past

participle form to make the

simple past tense. It is

shown here for

completeness only.

The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:

subject + main verb

Past

The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb

Did Base

The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:

auxiliary verb + subject + main verb

Did Base

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did,

you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look

at these examples with the main verbs go and work:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

+ I went to school.

You worked very hard.

- She Did not go with me.

We Did not work yesterday.

? Did You go to London?

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Did They work at home?

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was,

you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an

auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we

exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:

Subject main verb

+ I, he/she/it Was here.

You, we, they Were in London.

- I, he/she/it Was not there.

You, we, they Were not happy.

? Was I, he/she/it right?

Were you, we, they late?

Exercises

Change the verbs in the following sentence into past tense.

1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.

____________________________________________________________

2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes in order to find a parking

space.

___________________________________________________________

3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.

4. The waitress asks us if we have reservations.

5. I say, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."

____________________________________________________________

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6. The waitress tells us to come back in two hours.

____________________________________________________________

7. My client and I slowly walk back to the car.

____________________________________________________________

8. Then we see a small grocery store.

____________________________________________________________

9. We stop in the grocery store and buy some sandwiches.

____________________________________________________________

10. That is better than waiting for two hours.

____________________________________________________________

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

1. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.

2. My pet lizard was died last month.

3. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.

4. This morning before coming to class, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.

5. What was happened to your leg?

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Read the text carefully and answer the questions.

Well this happened when I was 12.

We had a school medical exam, which

we had to attend.

That day classes were off. It was just

the medical. Boys’ timings were from 9

to 12 and girls from 12 to 2:30.

When I reached the medical room to

get enlisted it was 10:30. Still I was

asked to wait, as only 3 counters were

working instead of 5. So I had to wait.

When my turn came, it was nearly

11:30 and an attendant who was a

young guy took me in. He took me to

the boys’ room and asked me to strip

off my uniform. He said it was

customary and it would be only for 3

minutes. As no one had seen me

naked that way before, I was feeling

shy.

The doctor checked me promptly but wanted to get a few x-rays of my appendix

done. I was asked to go to the x-ray room immediately so as to save time. I had

never imagined the x-ray room would be at the far end of the corridor. Luckily no

one was around. But when I finished my x-ray, it was already 12 and the gates

were thrown open for the girls to come in. They were chatting among themselves

when suddenly they saw me.

I was shocked and having nowhere to go, I ran back to the x-ray room, where

they had already shut the door saying "LUNCH TIME".

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Practically every girl who had turned up saw me naked. To make things worse my

clothes were all in the dressing room, which was now occupied with girls so I

couldn’t go there too. At last 2 matrons came and dragged me by my arms right

through the crowd. I still feel mortified by that incident.

Decide weather the following statements are true or false.

a) The boy had to wait for his turn. ___________________

b) A young attendant asked him to get undressed. ___________________

c) The doctor checked him and sent him home immediately. __________

d) The girls saw him naked. ___________________

e) The dressing room was occupied with boys. ___________________

Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:

a) That day there were no classes.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

b) The boy was asked to take his clothes off.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

c) The girls were talking to each other.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

d) He was seen naked by every girl on the corridor

.____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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e) He still doesn’t like to think about the incident

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Give complete answers to the following questions:

a) How old was the boy when this incident happened?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

b) Why weren’t there any classes that day?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

c) Why did the boy feel embarrassed?

____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Make questions to the following answers. Mind the underlined words

or phrases.

a) He was 12 years old when the incident happened.

___________________________________________________________?

b) This incident happened in March.

___________________________________________________________?

c) He met the doctor at 10:30.

___________________________________________________________?

d) The boy went home.

___________________________________________________________?

e) The Doctor told the boy to go away.

___________________________________________________________?

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Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form:

a) This happened a long time ago.

____________________________________________________________

b) I was shy.

___________________________________________________________

c) Did you have my clothes?

____________________________________________________________

Complete the sentences with the Simple past of the given verbs.

a) The teacher ______________________ (take) him to the boy’s room.

b) The girls ___________________________ (see) him naked

c) He ________________________________ (ask) questions.

d) He ._____________________________ (finish) the medical exams.

e) He ______________________________ (go) home.

Fill in with the Past Simple of the given verbs:

1. Do

2. Go

3. Big

4. Put

5. Start

6.Begin

7.Tell

8.Buy

9.Think

10.Cry

11.Understand

12.Write

13.Read

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14.Smile

15.Eat

16.Speak

17.Drink

18.Bring

19.Like

20.Cook

21.Run

22.Hear

23.Cut

24.Walk

25.Catch

26.Wake up

27.Sleep

28.Play

29.Say

30.Fall

31.Study

32.Get

33.Feel

34.Miss

35.Work

36. Wash

37.Travel

38.Fly

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39.Feed

40.Watch

“A very Special Date”

What do you know about Saint Valentine’s Day?

_________________________________________________________________

How do you celebrate it?

_________________________________________________________________

What did you do last February 14th?

_________________________________________________________________

Match the word with its corresponding definition

Definition Word

1. A loved person, boyfriend,

girlfriend, wife, etc.

( ) gift

2. A present, something given ( ) to cut out

3. To give or to take one thing in

return for another one

( ) exchange

4. Decorative paper for the walls of

a room

( ) wallpaper

5. To cook in dry heat, in an oven ( ) sweetheart

6. To wait in a standing position ( ) to stand

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7. To remove something from

something else by cutting all

around it.

( ) to bake

Saint Valentine’s Day

It is a special day, celebrated on February 14th, mainly in the USA and Canada.

On this date, people send greetings, mainly in the USA and Canada. On this date

people send greeting cards called Valentines to their sweethearts, friends and

members of their families. Many valentines have romantic verses, and others have

humorous pictures and sayings like: “Be my Valentine!” On Valentine’s Day many

people give candy, flowers and different gifts to their friends.

How do people celebrate it?

In the United States and Canada, children exchange valentines with their friends.

In some schools, children have a classroom party and put all valentines into a box

decorated beforehand. At the end of the day, the teacher or one of the students

distributes the cards. Many children make their own valentines from red paper

wallpaper, and pictures cut out from magazines.

In Europe, they celebrate Valentine’s Day in many ways. British children sing

special Valentine’s Day songs and received gifts of candy, fruit or money, and in

some areas people bake cakes. In Italy, they hold a Valentine’s Day Feast. In

Great Britain and Italy, some unmarried women stand by their window, waiting for

a man to pass. They believe that the first man they see, will marry them in the

future.

In Latin America they do different things. In Colombia, for example, people give

and receive cards and presents and they play “Secret Friend” at School or at

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Work. To do it, people put their names in a bag and then they take out a different

name to give him/her a present. At the end of the game, they try to identify who

his/her secret friend was.

Scan the text and complete these statements

a. In the USA, people celebrate _____________________________________

b. On this date, they _____________________________________________

c. In Colombia, people ____________________________________________

d. In Europe, children ____________________________________________

Answer the following questions based on your own experience.

1. Do you celebrate Saint Valentine’s Day in your country?

____________________________________________________________

2. When is it?

____________________________________________________________

3. Does it have the same name? If not what is it called?

____________________________________________________________

4. Do you know how did your parents and grandparents celebrate it?

____________________________________________________________

Complete this postcard that Barbara wrote to a friend in Canada using

the words in the box.

Dear Sandy,

Last week we ____________ St.

Valentine’s Day at school. We _________ a

great party. I __________ a beautiful

________ to my friend Betty. I decorated it

with colorful paper. She liked it very much.

My classmates brought _____________

and our French teacher __________ a

delicious ________________. What about

you? What did you __________ on that

day?

Write soon.

Do celebrated

Had gift

Gave cake

Candy prepared

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Write the words below in the appropriate group. You can repeat words.

Christmas

Guess the antonyms and fill in the crossword puzzle.

3 5.

2

1 D A R K

2

1 4

3 C

O

M 4

P

5 L

E

T

E

Cake turkey Christmas

Cards candy Halloween

Tricks costume birthday

Pumpkin pie gifts tree

Candle lights carols

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DOWN ACROSS

1. Incomplete 1. Light

2. Happiness 2. Sad

3. Untidy 3. Dirty

4. Old 4. Fast

5. Interesting 5. High

Before reading

Do you know how do people celebrate Christmas in other countries?

Write an example.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Reading

Scan the text to get specific information and fill in the chart.

Christmas Eve Native American

People

British People Latin American

People

Date of the

Celebration

Typical Food and

Customs

Christmas

Christmas a religious holiday reminds Christians the story of an angel who

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appeared to shepherds announcing Jesus Christ’s (The Savior) birth in a manger

in Bethlehem.

In many places in Latin America manger scenes are set up. Families and people

get together and pray and sing Christmas carols around it. People also get

Christmas Trees on which they hang lights and ornaments.

This tradition began long ago. On December 21st, the

shortest day of the year people brought pines into their houses

to symbolize life and light. Today people put wrapped

presents under it.

In Latin America, people celebrate Christmas Even on

December 24th with a special dinner, fireworks and presents. In England and the

U.S.A, they celebrate it on December 25th.The sit by the Christmas Tree and

open presents that day. In England, there is a Christmas lunch with its traditional

turkey and Christmas pudding. In the States, there is a special dinner with turkey

or ham and desserts like pies.

In Europe, Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas or Sinter

Class (Santa Claus in the States) comes into houses and

leaves presents for the children. In England, there is a

custom of hanging Christmas stockings near the fireplace for

Santa to fill with candy and presents. Americans have this

custom, too.

Based on the reading complete these sentences

1. Christmas is a Christian celebration of _____________________________

2. People meet around manger scenes and sing _______________________

3. Christmas Trees are decorated with _______________________________

4. The traditional Christmas meal in the USA and England is _____________

5. Traditional symbols of life and light are _____________________________

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Writing

Choose the holiday or celebration of the year you like the most.

Brainstorm for ideas in the diagram below, if necessary draw more lines.

Read the following information and choose the alternative that best answers

each question.

The annexation is not the only fiesta happening in the northern province of

Guanacaste. Right now, the town of Liberia is celebrating the golden anniversary

of the annual “ExpoLiberia” fair.

Now in its 50th the fair is sponsored by the Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia,

started on July 18 and will continue until the end of the month.

Featuring bullfights, horse shows and concert, the festival offers an opportunity for

horse breeders to show off and sell their stock. Rodeos, bullfights and horse

shows are the stars of Liberia Festival.

This year, Adolfo Rivas, secretary of the livestock breeders group, said that groups

of breeders from Nicaragua were also coming to show their horses.

HOLIDAY

What

(activities)

How

(Preparations)

Why

(Reasons)

Who (you

and who

else)

Where

(place)

When

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“We have a history of raising horses”, Rivas said. “Horses were here before

Spaniards arrived”

The festival will continue until Saturday, July 27. For more information, contact the

Livestock breeders Group of Liberia at 2666-2469

1. What’s the main idea of the text?

a. The annexation festival in Liberia

b. Cowboys celebrate fair’s 50th

c. Nicaraguan breeders show in ExpoLiberia

d. The bullfights and concerts in ExpoLiberia

2. Who supports the 50th ExpoLiberia Fair?

a. The Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia

b. The Nicaraguan Livestock Breeders

c. A group of Spaniards

d. Adolfo Rivas

3. How long does the ExpoLiberia fair last?

a. Eighteen days

b. About a month

c. Almost fifteen days

d. A month and a week

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4. What does Adolfo Rivas do? He _______________________

a. Is a Nicaraguan breeder

b. Raises horses in Spain

c. Is the secretary of livestock breeders group

d. Features bullfighta, horse shows and concerts.

Read the Information and choose the alternative that best answers each

question

1. What’s the purpose of Rosh Hashanah? To __________________

a. Follow a tradition rope

b. Give and receive forgiveness

c. Eat snacks of apples and honey

d. Celebrate the promise of a new year.

Days of Importance

Rash Hashanah is traditionally celebrated with snacks and apples and

honey, symbolizing the hope of a sweet new year. It is a day to give

and ask for forgiveness and promise to make changes.

The shofar, a ram’s horn blown like a trumpet, is sounded 100 times

as a call for repentance, and the Torah scrolls are removed twice

during the services

Tradition says that on Rosh Hashanah, God inscribes all names in the

book of life, and on Yom Kippur the book is sealed with God’s

judgments.

Yom Kippur, or the “Day of Atonement”, is observed 10 days after the

celebration of Rosh Hashanah. It is a somber way to atone for the sins

of the year by fasting, not working and praying and cleansing the spirit.

It is also a day to forgive each other and begin anew.

Yom Kippur services end with an extended blowing of the shofar and

proclaiming Next Year in Jerusalem.

Amanda Schoenberg- The Tico Times, September 19, 2003

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2. What’s one of the activities during Rosh Hashnah?

a. The trumpet is blown twice

b. People sounds the ram’s horn

c. People seals the Torah scrolls

d. The shofar is removed 100 times

3. How is Yom Kippur celebrated? People _________________

a. Fast and pray

b. Work only ten days

c. Promise to visit Jerusalem

d. Promise not to sin in the next year.

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Read the following text then answer the questions.

1. According to the reading, can we be sure Jesus was born on December

25th?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Christmas is a holiday held on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus,

the central figure of Christianity. The date is not known to be the actual birth date of

Jesus, and may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly

nine months after some early Christians believed Jesus had been conceived, the

date of the winter solstice on the ancient Roman calendar, or one of various ancient

winter festivals. Christmas is central to the Christmas and holiday season, and in

Christianity marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts

twelve days.

Although nominally a Christian holiday, Christmas is also widely celebrated by

many non-Christians, and some of its popular celebratory customs have pre-

Christian or secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday

include gift-giving, music, an exchange of greeting cards, church celebrations, a

special meal, and the display of various decorations; including Christmas trees,

lights, garlands, mistletoe, nativity scenes, and holly. In addition, Father Christmas

(known as Santa Claus in some areas, including North America, Australia and

Ireland) is a popular folklore figure in many countries, associated with the bringing

of gifts for children.

Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve

heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the

holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and

businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily

over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.

Taken from www.wikipedia.com

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2. What are some possible causes people chose December 25th to point as

Jesus’ birth date?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

3. What are some modern popular celebrations people acquired about

Christmas trough the years?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

4. Why has Christmas become more an economical activity than a

religious and spiritual time?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

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Read the following poster

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the

poster above

1. ________________ are invited to take part in the activities

a. All people

b. People from schools and federations exclusively

c. Athletes, sports fan, visitors, and nobody else

d. Only members of associations that promote sports in Costa Rica

For AThletes, sports fans, visitors … Yes Everybody! Activities: Wall Climbing –Costa Rican traditional indigenous games – judo, taekwondo, karate, cheerleader and gymnastics exhibitions – rugby match – swimming. Big Event: National Beach Volleyball Championship Final New Attractions: Canopy tour from 8 a.m., to 5 p.m., under the supervision of Green Mountain guides and 35 minutes long –Kayak exhibition in the lake – Outdoor spinning lessons. Closing Activity: Concert with the group Corporation from 1 p.m. on Sponsored by the Costa Rican Sport and Recreation Institute with the support of different associations a and federations dedicating to promoting sports in Costa Rica, together with elementary schools and

high schools from all over the country

You’re invited to the National Sports Day on March 30th, 2007. In Metropolitan Park, La Sabana – Starting at 8 am

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2. National Sports Day activities last ______________

a. 8 hours

b. 9 hours

c. 35 minutes

d. We don’t know how long

3. ________________ is one of the sponsoring organizations

a. Green Mountain

b. Group Corporation

c. Metropolitan Park La Sabana

d. Instituto Costarricense del Deporte y la Recreación

Read the story

Thanksgiving

September 1620. One hundred and two men, women and children,

known as the Puritans, left the port in Plymouth in England. Their

goal was to reach the Promised Land: a place where they could build

a new community. The “Mayflower” was the name of the old ship that

took them through a stormy voyage. For two months they sailed until

they landed in America, in Cape Cod (now in the State of

Massachusetts) and settled near that place. They called their colony

Plymouth Plantation.

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At the very beginning things were really hard. Half of them died

during the first winter because they did not have the right equipment

or facilities to survive. However, the other half survived because of

the local American Indians helped them: the Indians taught them

how to grow corn pumpkins and beans, how to hunt deer and turkeys

and fish.

A year passed. The colonist (now called pilgrims) got their first

harvest. So thankful they were to the Indians and God for their

survival that they invited their native friends to a great feast.

This is the true story of the first

Thanksgiving Day.

Today people in all of the

United States celebrate this day

with a family gathering and a special meal. It is now a national

holiday in that country.

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on

the story above.

1. The Puritans sailed for ____________

a. England from America

b. Cape Cod to Plymouth

c. America from Massachusetts

d. Plymouth Plantation from Cape Cod

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2. The American Indians ____________

a. Gave colonist a hard time

b. Taught the colonist how to survive

c. Shared their food and shelter with the colonist

d. Waited a winter before they decided to help the colonists.

3. Half of the Pilgrims died ___________

a. During a stormy voyage

b. Two months after their arrival

c. Because of American Indians help

d. Because of the lack of appropriate equipment.

Read the text

August 2nd, a Costa Rican Holiday

There is no doubt August 2nd, our Lady of the Angel’s Day, is an important

holiday for Costa Ricans of different ages and lifestyles

For some people the pilgrimage to our virgen de los Angeles Basilica in

Cartago is really religious, they want to thank, to be healed, that a close

relation be healed, or something else. That is why they pay a visit to the

“negrita”, a black Madonna who is the patron saint of Costa Rica

For others, is just a pretext for a walk with a group of friends, relatives,

colleagues … or by oneself.

Days before August 2nd one can listen to students in their high schools or

to elderly people planning their “trip” and ideas for that day. And the day

after, these same people recall the pilgrimage, in spite of their aching feet.

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Pilgrimage: journey to visit a religious place to ache: to feel pain To heal: to become healthy again/ to recover your health

Now choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on

the text.

1. To ________________ may be a reason for going to Cartago on

August 2nd

a. Get better

b. Follow a tradition

c. Admire our Lady of the Angel’s Basilica

d. Connect young students with elderly people.

2. The celebration of our Lady of the Angels’ Day is a tradition for

_______ exclusively.

a. Elderly Costa Ricans

b. High School Students

c. Really religious people

d. People of different religions and ages

3. The pilgrimage is ____________

a. An easy pain free trip

b. A tiring soaring journey

c. A short relaxed time

d. A time to go for a walk to kill time

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Complete this chart about Festivals or Holidays in Costa Rica.

Holiday or Festival When is it? Traditions or things that happen

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Objectives

Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.

Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes some

complex sentences and unfamiliar language.

Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.

Redrafting writing tasks already given, with support guidance.

Expressing and justifying ideas, opinions or personal points of view

Natural resources:

We should ____.

A solution could be ____.

I think/believe that ____.

I agree/don't agree ____.

It's better to ____.

What about ____, etc.

____ may be correct ____.

I would ____. etc.

Functions:

Instructing others to do something.

Stating cause and effect.

Expressing opinions

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Most Common Environmental Problems

Trash Can

Water Pollution and Air

Pollution

Deforestation

Reforestation

Littering

Recycle

Ozone Layer

Can you name another?

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Complete the gaps with words about environmental threats mentioned

above.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

Match the words with the corresponding picture.

____ Floods

____Fire

____Volcano Eruption

____ Litter

____Hurricane

____ Earthquake

____ Smoke

____Sound Pollution

____Sewage

____ Global Warming

____ Deforestation

____ Air Pollution

____ Acid Rain

_____Droughts

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1. The Amazon rainforest has been facing the problem of _____________. Too

many trees have been cut down.

2. Many countries face great __________ because of the constant rain. Many people die

and others lose their belonging.

3. In Africa people face constant __________. It hardly rains there.

4. ____________ is the worldwide warming of the atmosphere.

5. People shouldn`t put their __________ everywhere. They should put it in the

rubbish bin.

6. When there is a ______________ many people have to leave their homes because

of the dust and the lava that is released.

7. _______________ causes the death of many fish and sea animals and plants.

8. In Australia many people died because of the great ________ fires that devastated

some places.

9. Many factories release __________ into the atmosphere through their chimneys.

Environment Crossword Puzzle

What is the missing word in each sentence below? Find the number of each word in the

puzzle. The FIRST letter of that word goes in the box with the corresponding number.

Don’t forget you need to print off this crossword puzzle to work on it.

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List of Words

Air animals away cars earth environment

everyone

Fish give glut hurts insects litter noise

Off people plants rags trees turn ugly

Waste water (2 times)

Across

1) “Every litter bit -----.”

3) Trash tossed away where it doesn’t

belong is called ------.

8) The ------------ is what every living thing

needs for life.

9) ---- are good to use for cleaning.

Save them.

13) -------- needs to help keep the

environment clean.

14) Each living thing must have ----- to

survive.

16) Dirty water from factories can kill ----

.

18) People, animals, and ------ live on

earth.

21 & 22) When you run the shower too

Down

2 & 11) When you leave a room, ----|---

(two words) the lights to save energy.

4) Paper is made from -----.

5) The air and water now on ----- have

always been here; no new supplies

come from space.

6) The environments of many wild -------

have been hurt by man.

7) Loud ----- bothers people and hurts

their ears.

10 & 19) Don’t throw away good, used

items you no longer need. ---- them ----

so others can use them.

12) Too many ------ have hurt the

environment.

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long, you -----|----- (two words).

23) When something like garbage or

dirty water is not nice to look at, it is ----.

24) Emissions from ---- can make the air

dirty

15) Living things need fresh --- in the

environment.

17) Many birds eat -------.

20. Save resources; don’t be a ----.

www.meskwaki.org/.../Natural%20Resources%20Environmental%20Crossword%20Puzzle.

Environmental Verbs: Take Action

Do you consider yourself an earth activist? Talking about environmental issues is

difficult to do in a foreign language. Learning the following verbs will help you

express your thoughts and concerns in English.

Word Meaning Example sentence

Ban disallow an action or thing in a specified area

The school banned water bottles because they are bad

for the environment.

Carpool when people take turns driving instead of taking two or more cars

to the same location

I carpool to work with two of my neighbours who also work

downtown.

clear cut or chop down

to remove trees from a forest It is important to plant new trees in nearby areas after

clear cutting.

Compost put certain types of waste (vegetable peels, newspapers, dry leaves) into a large container that will break down into reusable soil

Since we started composting we've reduced our garbage by

half.

Commute travel from home to work (either by public transit or driving)

Imagine how much pollution you cause in a lifetime by

commuting two hours a day?

Consume take into our bodies or homes Americans consume more than their share of the earth's

resources.

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Dónate give money or items to an organization or individual in need

When you donate money to this fund, the animals' habit is

protected.

Emit to give off or out Cars emit harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.

Fertilize treat plants and green spaces (lawns and fields) with special

chemicals that helps them to grow

If you are going to fertilize your lawn, make sure to use

an organic fertilizer.

Minimize make as little as possible We can minimize pollution by walking instead of driving to

work and school.

Pollute put dangerous substances into the ground and the air

Fumes from factories pollute our lakes and oceans.

preserve keep in its natural state We need stronger laws in order to preserve our forests.

Protect keep from harm It is important to protect your skin from the harmful UV rays

of the sun.

Protest voice concern about; fight against an issue or decision

The environmentalists will protest if the road builders don't make a bicycle lane.

Recycle to take materials from garbage and form it into something new that can

be used

Please recycle your junk mail instead of throwing it in the

garbage.

Reduce use less You can reduce your household waste by buying

products with less packaging.

Reuse use again We reuse the inner bags from the cereal boxes inside our

small garbage can.

throw away put in the garbage Don't throw away your grass clippings; leave them on your

lawn.

use up use until there is no more We are using up the earth's natural resources faster than

ever.

Waste throw away something that is still useful

Don't waste toilet paper; use one or two sheets instead of

three or four.

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Now let´s practice the vocabulary. Choose the correct option to complete the

sentence

1 Garbage incinerators _________harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. a. Minimize b. Donate c. Preserve d. Emit

2 You can __________plastic bags over and over until they get holes in them. a. Reuse b. resume c. reduce d. reproduce

3 Americans _______ many products that are sold with excess packaging. a. Chop down b. consume c. protect d. pollute

4 You can __________household waste by having a compost bin in the garden. a. Clear out b. preserve c. protect d. minimize

5 Instead of throwing away your clothes, _______them to a used clothing store or thrift shop.

a. Use up b. consume c. emit d. donate

6 They are__________in order to make room for the new theatre complex. a. Clear cutting b. protecting c. reducing d. using up

7 Though the city is growing, they are doing a good job of ________the countryside. a. Reusing b. preserving c. minimizing d. recycling

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8 We will _____________if the green initiatives do not get approved at the meeting. a. Protect b. prevent c. provide d. protest

9 ____________ your bottles and cans at the town depot. a. Recycle b. reduce c. throw away d. reuse

10 Exhaust from cars ____________ the atmosphere and causes global warming. a. Emits b. pollutes c. preserves d. conducts

Taken from:http://www.englishclub.com/environment/environmental-verbs-quiz.htm

Read the following passage

Nowadays, air is getting more and more polluted because of the industrialization

and noxious gases released from cars. You can hardly breathe clean or fresh air

in cities. People are getting dirtier and dirtier. They throw rubbish wherever they

can. They don’t even use tins or bags. We can also talk about the boats which

transport oil and sink in seas and oceans. They cause great damages in the

submarine world.

Everything polluting the air causes acid rains which damage the forests. If these

disappear, great changes in the climate will be caused because the trees are

chemically very active as they provide us with oxygen. So let us safeguard the

nature or it will be an environmental suicide for humanity and especially for the

ozone layer which is so important for the world. lf this layer is destroyed , people

will be threatened to be affected by any kind of skin diseases .

Say whether the following statements are true, false or not mentioned:

a- People use tins and bags to throw rubbish. _____

b- The ozone layer protects people from skin diseases. _____

c- Trees give us oxygen. ______

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d- Man is responsible for the climatic change. ______

Answer the following questions according to the text:

a- Why is air getting polluted?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

b- Why is the sub-marine world damaged?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Match each word with its synonym:

Words Synonyms

1. Rubbish ( ) Menaced

2. Provide ( ) Give

3. Destroyed ( ) Damaged

4. Threatened ( ) Waste material

Match each word with its opposite

Words Opposites

1. More ( ) passive

2. Clean ( ) less

3. Active ( ) death

4. Life ( ) dirty

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Reorder the following words to get a coherent sentence:

ozone- from- damaged- which- the- layer- being – protects- radiation – us- ultra-

violet-

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

One-syllable adjectives.

Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding

–er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.

One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Tall taller Tallest

Old older Oldest

Long longer Longest

Mary is taller than Max.

Mary is the tallest of all the students.

Max is older than John.

Of the three students, Max is the oldest.

My hair is longer than your hair.

Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form

and –st for the superlative form.

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One-Syllable Adjective with

Final –e Comparative Form Superlative Form

Large larger Largest

Wise wiser Wisest

Mary's car is larger than Max's car.

Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.

Max is wiser than his brother.

Max is the wisest person I know.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it,

double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the

consonant and add –est for the superlative form.

One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a

Single Consonant with a Single Vowel

before It

Comparative

Form

Superlative

Form

Big bigger Biggest

Thin thinner Thinnest

Fat fatter Fattest

My dog is bigger than your dog.

My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.

Max is thinner than John.

Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.

My mother is fatter than your mother.

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Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.

Two-syllable adjectives.

With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the

superlative with most.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Peaceful more peaceful most peaceful

Pleasant more pleasant most pleasant

Careful more careful most careful

Thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful

This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.

Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.

Max is more careful than Mike.

Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.

Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.

Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.

If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the

comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending

with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form

Happy happier Happiest

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Two-Syllable Adjective Ending

with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form

Angry angrier Angriest

Busy busier Busiest

John is happier today than he was yesterday.

John is the happiest boy in the world.

Max is angrier than Mary.

Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.

Mary is busier than Max.

Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.

Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the

comparative and superlative forms.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending

with -er, -le, or –ow Comparative Form Superlative Form

Narrow narrower Narrowest

Gente gentler Gentlest

The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.

This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.

Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.

Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

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Adjectives with three or more syllables.

For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more

and the superlative with most.

Adjective with Three or More

Syllables Comparative Form Superlative Form

Generous more generous most generous

Important more important most important

Intelligent more intelligent most intelligent

John is more generous than Jack.

John is the most generous of all the people I know.

Health is more important than money.

Of all the people I know, Max is the most important.

Women are more intelligent than men.

Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.

Irregular adjectives.

Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Worst

Far Farther Farthest

Little Less Least

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Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Many More Most

Italian food is better than American food.

My dog is the best dog in the world.

My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.

Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used

with -er and -est and with more and most.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Clever cleverer Cleverest

Clever more clever most clever

Gente gentler Gentlest

Gente more gentle most gente

Friendly friendlier Friendliest

Friendly more friendly most friendly

Quiet quieter Quietest

Quiet more quiet most quiet

Simple simpler Simplest

Simple more simple most simple

Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.

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Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.

Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.

Now let´s Practice

1. Mount Everest is__________than Cerro Aconcagua. (high)

2. I like music. To me, music is _______________(interesting) than

maths.

3. Cheetahs are__________than tigers or lions. (fast)

4. The Parana is a long river...The Amazon is longer. But the Nile is

the________in the world.

5. Mariah Carey is a bit _________ than Madonna. (young)

6. This Ferrari is the____________ expensive car in the world!

7. Which is the heaviest? Gold, silver or aluminum? "Gold is the________ of

the three"

8. The giraffe is______________than the elephant. (tall)

9. Laurel and Hardy were____________than the Simpson" (funny)

10. Albert Einstein was ___________than our former president..."Anyone was"

(intelligent)

11. Pluto is____________than Mars (cold)

12. Mercury is the____________planet to the Sun. (close)

13. The Atacama Desert is__________than the Amazonian region. (dry)

14. The Saharan desert is the ____________ one in the world. (big)

15. A horse lives longer than a dog...But a tortoise lives the___________

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16. Which is smaller, China, Argentina or Monaco? "Obviously Monaco is

the____________of the three"

Read the following text

The Earth

Our planet “The Earth” is the third planet from the sun. The

Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system.

The Earth has 7 continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South

America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia is the (1)

largest continent. Australia is the (2) smallest.

There are about 195 countries in the world, but

no-one can agree on the exact number.

Russia is the (3) largest country. Vatican City is

the (4) smallest. Ukraine is the largest country in

Europe. Malta is the smallest country in Europe.

China has the largest population in the world with

1,335,960,000 people. The smallest population is found on the Pitcairn Islands

with only 50 people.

The (5) smallest city in the United Kingdom, is in Wales, it is called St David's and

the Cathedral Close. The second smallest city in the UK is the City Of London!

(not to be confused with Greater London). The City Of London is roughly 1 square

mile and is where London started.

Tokyo in Japan is the (6) most expensive city in the world to live. Johannesburg in

South Africa is the (7) cheapest city in the world to live.

Natural facts:

Mount Everest is the (8) highest mountain in the world and is 8,848 metres above

sea-level.

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Baikal is the (9) deepest lake in the world. Baikal is in Russia and is 1,637 metres

deep.

Man-made facts:

The Weihe Grand Bridge is the (10) longest bridge in the world. The Weihe Grand

Bridge is in China and is 79,732 metres long.

The Burj Khalifa is the (11) tallest building in the world. The Burj Khalifa is in Dubai

and is 828 m tall.

The Delaware Aqueduct in the USA is the (12) longest tunnel in the world and is

137 km long. An Aqueduct is something that carries water from one place to

another.

References from: www.wikipedia.com

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

Superlatives exercise

Complete the sentences based on the previous reading and choose the most

suitable adjective from the box.

1. Asia is the largest continent in the world.

2. Australia is the _________ continent.

3. Russia is the _________ country in the world.

4. Vatican City is the _________ country in the world.

5. The _________ city in the United Kingdom is in Wales.

6. Tokyo is the _________ city in the world to live.

7. Johannesburg is the _________ city in the world to live.

8. Mount Everest is the _________ mountain in the world.

9. Baikal is the _________ lake in the world.

10. The Weihe Grand Bridge is the _________ bridge in the world.

11. The Burj Khalifa is the _________ building in the world.

12. The Delaware Aqueduct is the _________ tunnel in the world.

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Read the following letter. Fill in the blanks with words from the column on

the left.

Read the following text.

The 4 Rs

Treating garbage in landfills has become a problem worldwide. Here are some

possible solutions.

High Deep Long

Large Small Large

Tall Long Small

Small expensive Cheap

Wildlife

Tourist spot

Sewage

Pollution

Urban

Health

Scaring

Crocodiles

Environmental

Dear Readers of the Tiquicia News,

Last Weekend I visited Tarcoles for the second

time. My first time there was in 1985. I am outraged

by what I saw! Before, Tarcoles was a popular

_______________ due to surf and ___________

____________. However, the extreme __________

of the Tarcoles River is literally __________ tourists

away.

This river gets untreated _________ water from the

__________ areas of the country. This brings about

____________ risks for humans and deteriorates

the _____________ conditions for local species of

the area, such as the Tarcoles ________.

The tour of the river was the highlight of the trip to

Tarcoles. Now, this river has become the town´s

nightmare. Someone has got to do something!

A very Angry Tourists

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The 4 Rs

Reduce If we reduce the amount of garbage, there will be less

garbage to dump in landfills. Packaging is a serious

part of the problem. We should buy products that

have no packaging , donate old clothes and goods,

recharge batteries, share books and newspapers …

Reuse If we can’t reduce, we can reusee. This means

repairing damaged appliances, using empty

containers, any buying durable goods (as opposed to

disposable ones)

Recycle When a thing cannot be reused, we can recycle it –

that is, reprocess it as a new object. We should buy

recyclable products.

Recover Industries can recover energy from non-reusable

waste. An example is energy recovery from landfill

gas.

The international symbol for recycling is a mobius loop.

This band, with only one side and one edge, was

discovered in 1858 by the German mathematician

August Mobius. You can create a model by taking a

paper strip giving it a half twist and then gluing the ends of the strip together to

form a single strip.

How can we put into practice the 4 Rs? Let’s talk a little a bit about paper. To

reduce pollution and save innumerable trees, forest habitants and biodiversity, it is

vital to use less paper products. When we have to use them, we should try to

reuse them (for example, write on both sides of a sheet). And it is imperative to

use recycled paper.

Recycled paper can be manufactured from 100% pre-consumer waste (made out

of paper scraps that have never been used and are left over after the paper

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manufacturing process), 100% post costumer waste (PCW) (made out of paper

that has been used by the consumer), and a mixture of the two. The higher the

PCW percentage, the better.

100% recycled, 85% PCW means that the paper is 100% recycled, with 15% pre-

consumer waste and 85% post- consumer waste. 50% recycled 30% PCW means

that the paper is 50% recycled, with 20% pre-consumer waste and 30% post-

consumer waste

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences based on the

previous text.

1. The 4R’s concept refers to the problem of _____________________

a. Garbage

b. Reducing

c. Industries

d. Landfill gas

2. Repairing an appliance instead of buying a new one is an example of ____

a. Reusing

b. Recycling

c. Reducing

d. Recovering

3. August Mobius discovered ___________________

a. The half twist

b. The process of recycling

c. The concept of pre-consumer content

d. A band with only one side and one edge

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4. An example of ____________ is not buying things wrapped in plastic

a. Reusing

b. Recycling

c. Reducing

d. recovering

Adapted from P Z Guide Costa Rica.

1. Coral reefs are considered ______ ecosystems.

a. the least colorful

b. among the ugliest tropical

c. less complex than rain forest

d. among the most complex and vivid

2. Coral reefs host ______________.

a. a great variety of aquatic plants and animals

b. three different species of land creatures

c. many animals which live on land only

d. a few organisms

CORAL REEFS

Coral reefs are one of the most complex and colorful tropical ecosystems, rivaling

rain forests in their richness of life. Coral reefs organisms build massive and

intricate physical structures that are home to some of the most fascinating plants

and animals in the world.

Coral reefs are one of the most spectacular and fragile of underwater

environments, covering less than one percent of the ocean floor but supporting

an estimated twenty-five percent of all marine life.

Even though they are located in the tropics, coral reefs can benefit people and

the natural world far beyond their boundaries.

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3. Coral reefs benefit ___________

a. the unnatural world

b. people, plants and animals

c. only life within their boundaries

d. sea creatures of the tropics exclusively

"Earth Song"

What about sunrise

What about rain

What about all the things

That you said we were to gain...

What about killing fields

Is there a time

What about all the things

That you said was yours and mine...

Did you ever stop to notice

All the blood we've shed before

Did you ever stop to notice

The crying Earth the weeping

shores?

What have we done to the world

Look what we've done

What about all the peace

That you pledge your only son...

What about flowering fields

Is there a time

What about all the dreams

That you said was yours and mine...

Did you ever stop to notice

All the children dead from war

Did you ever stop to notice

The crying Earth the weeping shores

I used to dream

I used to glance beyond the stars

Now I don't know where we are

Although I know we've drifted far

Hey, what about yesterday

(What about us)

What about the seas

(What about us)

The heavens are falling down

(What about us)

I can't even breathe

(What about us)

What about apathy

(What about us)

I need you

(What about us)

What about nature's worth

(ooo, ooo)

It's our planet's womb

(What about us)

What about animals

(What about it)

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We've turned kingdoms to dust

(What about us)

What about elephants

(What about us)

Have we lost their trust

(What about us)

What about crying whales

(What about us)

We're ravaging the seas

(What about us)

What about forest trails

(ooo, ooo)

Burnt despite our pleas

(What about us)

What about the holy land

(What about it)

Torn apart by creed

(What about us)

What about the common man

(What about us)

Can't we set him free

(What about us)

What about children dying

(What about us)

Can't you hear them cry

(What about us)

Where did we go wrong

(ooo, ooo)

Someone tell me why

(What about us)

What about babies

(What about it)

What about the days

(What about us)

What about all their joy

(What about us)

What about the man

(What about us)

What about the crying man

(What about us)

What about Abraham

(What was us)

What about death again

(ooo, ooo)

Do we give a damn

What environmental problems does the song describe?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What’s the song’s main idea?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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What do you think is the most important or biggest problem mentioned in the song?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What should each one of us do to help preserving wildlife and natural resources?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Objectives

Identifying the purpose of messages.

Noting key items or interpreting the gist in messages, dialogues and basic

personal information.

Responding to messages and dialogues in short simple sentences in a

range of context.

Understanding conceptual meaning.

Content

Tourist attractions:

Do you like ____?

Have you ever ____?

Have you gone/liked/enjoyed ____?

Why don't you ____?

Would you_______ ?

You should ____.

There is/are ____.

Let me show you ____.

The place offers you ____. etc.

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Arenal Volcano National Park - Arenal Observatory Lodge Originally a private observatory established in 1987, this is the only lodge within the Arenal Volcano National Park boundaries. The lodge is found on a macadamia nut farm on the south side of the volcano. Many researchers from around the world have stayed here to study the active volcano. From the lodge there are excellent views of the volcano and Arenal Lake in the opposite direction. Many hikes can be taken from the area, including some to waterfalls, as well as old and recent lava flows. The lodge is a good choice for accommodation, and there are varying options. Hobbies & Activities category: Waterfall, cascades; Hiking opportunity; Towers, monuments, observation deck

What is your favorite place in Costa Rica to go on vacation?

Here’s a guide of some of the most popular and beautiful places tourist visit when they come to our beautiful Costa Rica

Samara Beach

This beach is gaining in popularity and has a reputation of being one of the most attractive and safest beaches in Costa Rica. The white-sand beach offers gentle waters, but has less shade and wildlife than other beaches in the area. Snorkelling, diving, kayaking and sportfishing are popular activities. Hobbies & Activities category: Beach; Scuba or snorkel opportunity; Fishing opportunity; Swimming & water activities; River rafting, canoeing, kayaking

Tortuguero The inland, Intercoastal Waterway offers access to the northern Caribbean coast. Generally, travelers embark from the port of Moín and continue to Tortuguero National Park and beyond. By 1974, canals had been connected to existing natural waterways thus linking the entire system. Today, it is no longer necessary to go offshore in order to travel north, a much safer alternative. Apart from being the most convenient way to travel in the region, riding the Intercoastal Waterway offers travelers another option for observing scenery and wildlife. Hobbies & Activities category: Boating, sailing, water craft activities; Dam, bridge, lock, waterway

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Now based on the previous text answer the following questions

1. Why is Arenal Observatory Lodge look for people to stay when they

visit Arenal?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. What can you do in Arenal?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. Write some reasons why Samara Beach is a great place for a vacation?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. What are some hobbies and activities you can enjoy in Samara Beach?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. Why is it that riding the Intercoastal Waterway is a better option to get to

Tortuguero?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

6. What activities can you do in Tortuguero?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Tourism Related Vocabulary

Accommodation Alojamiento

admission fee costo de la entrada

Brochure Folleto

camping site sitio para acampar

car rental (US) alquiler de autos

car hire (GB) alquiler de autos

car park (GB) estacionamiento

city centre (GB) centro de la ciudad

Cruise Crucero

double room habitación doble

double room with twin beds habitación doble con dos camas

downtown (US) centro de la ciudad

Flight Vuelo

Fortnight Quincena

Guesthouse casa de huéspedes, pensión

Guide Guía

hiking trail sendero de caminata

holidays (GB) vacaciones

Holidaymaker veraneante, turista

Hostel Hostal

Hotel Hotel

hotel chain cadena de hoteles

Inn Posada

motor-home casa rodante

one-way ticket (US) viaje de ida

package deal Paquete

parking lot (US) estacionamiento

Resort lugar de vacaciones

return ticket (GB) viaje de ida y vuelta

round ticket (US) viaje de ida y vuelta

Season Temporada

sightseeing tour visita con guía

single ticket (GB) viaje de ida

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single room habitación simple

ski resort estación de esquí

sun lotion bronceador

Sunglasses gafas de sol

Sunblock filtro solar

Sunburn quemadura de sol

theme park parque de diversiones

time-sharing tiempo compartido

tour operator empresa de viajes

tourist office oficina de turismo

travel agency agencia de viajes

travel agent agente de viajes

vacation (US) vacaciones

waiting list lista de espera

youth hostel albergue juvenil

to book Reservar

to confirm Confirmar

to drive Conducir

to fly Volar

to go on holiday (GB), vacation (US)

irse de vacaciones

to go abroad irse al extranjero

to go camping ir de camping

to go climbing ir a escalar

to go hiking ir a dar una caminata

to go mountaineering hacer alpinismo

to go sightseeing visitar lugares de interés

to go skiing ir a esquiar

to go swimming ir a nadar

to go to the beach ir a la playa

to have a good time pasarlo bien

to have a bad time pasarlo mal

to make a reservation Reservar

to hold a reservation mantener una reserva

to plan Organizar

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to rent a car alquilar un auto

to stay Permanecer

to sunbathe tomar sol

to take a holiday (GB), vacation (US)

tomarse vacaciones

to take a photograph tomar una fotografía

to travel Viajar

Present Perfect

FORM

[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

You have seen that movie many times.

Have you seen that movie many times?

You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified

time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the

Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year

ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that

day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific

expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so

far, already, yet, etc.

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Examples:

I have seen that movie twenty times.

I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.

People have traveled to the Moon.

People have not traveled to Mars.

Have you read the book yet?

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It

is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying,

"I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have

never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe

a specific event.

Examples:

I have been to France.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN

FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.

I have been to France three times.

YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.

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I have never been to France.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING

TO FRANCE.

I think I have seen that movie before.

He has never traveled by train.

Joan has studied two foreign languages.

A: Have you ever met him?

B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over

a period of time.

Examples:

You have grown since the last time I saw you.

The government has become more interested in arts education.

Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the

university since the Asian studies program was established.

My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals

and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

Man has walked on the Moon.

Our son has learned how to read.

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Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.

Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has

not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for

the action to happen.

Examples:

James has not finished his homework yet.

Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.

Bill has still not arrived.

The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which

have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the

process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

The army has attacked that city five times.

I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.

We have had many major problems while working on this project.

She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody

knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at

some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action

happened is not important.

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Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We

can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this

week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:

Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

I have seen that movie six times in the last month.

They have had three tests in the last week.

She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has

worked for three different companies so far.

My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year"

means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires

simple past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not

considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Examples:

I went to Mexico last year.

I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.

I have been to Mexico in the last year.

I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS

AGO AND NOW.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

We use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and

has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since

Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

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Examples:

I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-

Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live,"

"work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they

are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:

always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You have only seen that movie one time.

Have you only seen that movie one time?

Present Perfect Forms

Positive Negative Question

I have traveled.

You have traveled.

We have traveled.

They have traveled.

He has traveled.

She has traveled.

It has traveled.

I have not traveled.

You have not traveled.

We have not traveled.

They have not traveled.

He has not traveled.

She has not traveled.

It has not traveled.

Have I traveled?

Have you traveled?

Have we traveled?

Have they traveled?

Has he traveled?

Has she traveled?

Has it traveled?

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Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate

tenses.

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

B: I don't know. I (see, never)_____________ that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) _____________________in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know)________________each other for over

fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write)________________ten very

creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous

as Hemingway.

5. I (have, not)_____________________this much fun since I

(be)________________________a kid.

6. Things (change)_________________a great deal at Coltech, Inc.

When we first (start)___________________working here three

years ago, the company (have, only)_____________________six

employees. Since then, we (expand)______________________to

include more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I (tell)____________________him to stay on the path while he was

hiking, but he (wander)_________________off into the forest and

(be)___________________bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss)_________________the bus this

morning. You (be)____________________late to work too many

times. You are fired!

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9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he

(see, never)___________________the ocean. He should come

with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George (dream)_________________of going to California

before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see,

never)______________________the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become)________________much

easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it

(take)_______________two or three months to cross North

America by covered wagon. The trip (be)_______________very

rough and often dangerous. Things (change)_______________a

great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from

New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change)_____________since the

last time I (see)______________you. You

(grow)____________________at least a foot!

13. This tree (be)________________planted by the settlers who

(found)_________________our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain (be, never)________________climbed by anyone.

Several mountaineers (try)__________________to reach the top,

but nobody (succeed, ever)_________________. The climb is

extremely difficult and many people

(die)____________________trying to reach the summit.

15. I (visit, never)______________Africa, but I

(travel)________________to South America several times. The last

time I (go)__________________to South America, I

(visit)_______________Brazil and Peru. I

(spend)_________________two weeks in the Amazon,

(hike)_______________for a week near Machu Picchu, and

(fly)_______________________over the Nazca Lines.

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Check the places you should visit according to your likes and dislikes,

based on the previous ads.

La Fortuna Mt. Chirripo Gold Museum

You like

Hiking

Biodiversity

Aboriginal

history

Climbing

Eating at

good

restaurants

Biking

You dislike

Hiking

Walking in

nature

Indigenous

history

Climbing

Eating at

good

restaurants

Biking

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Read the text and answer the questions.

THINGS TO SEE IN LONDON Hyde Park is London's largest and most

fashionable park. It was once a royal hunting forest.

There are a lot of restaurants and bars at each end of

the lake. You can swim or hire a boat on the Serpentine.

Downing Street

Number 10 Downing Street has been the home of the

British Prime Minister since 1735.

The Houses of Parliament

Its official name is the Palace of Westminster. Most of

the building was built in 1840 after fire in 1834

destroyed the old palace. At the north end of the

building by Westminster Bridge is the famous clock

tower, Big Ben. In fact Big Вen is really the name of

the bell in the tower not the clock.

The Tower of London is London's oldest

building. Since it was built by William the Conqueror in the

11th century, this castle has been a royal palace, a prison, a

place of execution, a zoo, the Royal Mint and an observatory.

Today it's a museum and houses the Crown Jewels. Gift

shop. Open Monday - Saturday 9.30 - 5.45, Sundays 2 - 5.45

The National History Museum is situated in Kensington.

It’s one of London's greatest museums. Here you can see a

huge collection of animals and plants, including a

quarter of a million butterflies, a blue whale and the

famous dinosaur skeletons. Cafeteria, gift shop and

book shop. Open daily 10 - 5.45

Madame Tussaud's, Marylebone Road

This famous waxworks has models of famous

people from pop stars to prime ministers. It has displays

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of battles and Chamber of Horrors. Gift shop. Open every day 10 - 5.30,

except Christmas Day

The Royal Observatory, Greenwich is 10 miles outside London on a hill

above the River Thames. The Observatory contains telescopes and

displays about international meridian line runs through the

Observatory. It has video theatre and souvenir shop. You can have a

picnic in Greenwich Park and take a river boat to Greenwich from

Westminster Bridge. Open 10.30 a.m. - 5.30 p.m., closed 25-28 December.

1. What is the Serpentine?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. What is the Palace of Westminster?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. What is the Prime Minister's address?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. Where is the National History Museum?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. Where can you stand with one foot in the western hemisphere and one

foot in the eastern hemisphere?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. At how many places can you buy something to eat?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. At how many places can you buy souvenirs?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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8. Where can you see butterflies?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. Which building is nine hundred years old?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10. Which places open at half past ten in the morning?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

11. Find two places where you can see the Prime Minister?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

12. Which place is not open on Sunday mornings?

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Read the postcard. Pay attention to the rules of writing the address.

Dear Mom and Dad!

I’m having a great time here in London. We

are staying at a nice hotel.

I have a lot of things to do. Yesterday we

visited the Tower of London and walked along

the streets.

Tomorrow we are going to Covent Garden

where I hope I’ll buy some presents for you.

On Saturday we are going to a barbecue party

near Wimbledon. I think it will be great!

Miss you,

Ann

Jane and Tom Green

55 Oak Lane

Manchester

MO 26 19YH

England

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Now, write your own post card to a friend telling him what he can do here in Costa Rica

Read the information and choose the alternative that best answers each

question.

Research and tourism in Uvita Island

Located just off the port of Limon on the Costa Rican Caribbean, Uvita Island

will become a tourist attraction and a biological research station, through a

cooperation agreement between the Board for the Development of the Atlantic

Basin (JAPDEVA, in Spanish) and the local government of the canton of

Limón. A national heritage, the development will be strictly controlled

according to the authorities, in order to preserve its marine and land

resources. The small island boasts of lush vegetation, and it is surrounded by

coral reefs. Even though it has received different names since 1512, when

Christopher Columbus visited the area, its most popular one Uvita, that

translates roughly as “small grape”- is due to the fact that there grows a tree

that is unique to the Caribbean and whose fruit resembles grapes.

La Nación Digital

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1. Why will the provincial expert control rigorously the biological reserve

a. To keep both marine and land resources

b. To create a new touristic attraction

c. Because it is an agreement

d. Because it is an island

2. What natural resources can a visitor find in Uvita?

a. Small islands

b. Surrounded islands

c. Different types of fruits

d. Exuberant vegetation and coral reefs

3. Where did the island take its name from?

a. Christopher Columbus gave the Island this name

b. It is a Caribbean name for grapes

c. It derivates from a particular tree

d. Visitors grew grape trees

4. Who joined efforts to make Uvita a tourist attraction?

a. JAPDEVA and the local government

b. La Nación and national authorities

c. The fruits vendors

d. The marines

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Read the following texts and do the exercises that follow

Trip to the Rainforest

Visit Costa Rica’s classic rainforest

areas, starting on a jungle cruise

through the Caribbean coastal

waterways of Tortuguero known for

its protection of endangered sea

turtles. Feel the mist of refreshing

waterfalls of La Paz on route to the

steamy lowland rainforest of Arenal

Volcano, where you will have a

chance to soak in mineral rich hot

springs, heated by the active volcano.

Take a memorable walk in the clouds

at Monteverde cloud forest, preserve

and explore the forest canopy on an

exciting tour of Sky Walk, a series of

suspension bridges offereing birds-

eye view of the cloud forest habitat.

Explore the white sands beaches and

rainforest of Manuel Antonio National

Park, on Costa Rica’s Central Pacific

coast.

Taken from: www.ticotimes.net

Have an Unforgettable Adventure

This classic multi-sport itinerary

explores some of Costa Rica’s more

rugged terrain and is designed for

active travelers who are in good

shape. Hike and ride horseback

trough Rincón del la Vieja National

Park, known for its spectacular

scenery, picturesque waterfalls and

bubbling mud pots warmed by an

active volcano.

Descend to the rainforest of Costa

Rica’s northern zone and enjoy a day

of mountain biking in the rainforest

surrounding Lake Arenal. Take a

free day in Arenal to opt in to

adventure activities in the area.

Spend your last days on a high

adrenaline rafting trip on the

stunningly beautiful Pacuare River

(Level III-IV), flowing through a

rainforest canyon

Answer the following questions about the readings (“Trip to the Rainforest”

and “Have an Unforgettable Adventure”)

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1. What are the classic rainforest areas?

2. Where can you do bird watching?

3. Where does the multi-sport itinerary begin?

4. What can you do in the last days of the multi-sport trip?

Fill out the following chart with the information from the readings (“Trip to the

Rainforest” and “Have an Unforgettable Adventure”)

Tourist Site Characteristics of the

Place

Activities you can

do there

Protected endangered

species

Take a bath in the hot

springs

La Paz

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COMMON ILLNESSES AND NEW DISEASES AND EPIDEMICS

Seventh

Topic

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Objectives

Drawing inferences.

Identifying the purpose of short messages

Formulating propositions and doubts and answering questions.

Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes

some complex sentences and unfamiliar language.

Structuring ideas.

Linking sentences and paragraphs.

Content

Common illnesses, diseases, epidemics and prevention:

What's the matter?

How do you feel?

Have you seen a doctor?

Do you know about ___?

You need to take/drink/stay in bed etc.

What are the symptoms of ____?

What are some sexual diseases? Etc.

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At the Doctor’s

Read, translate and label the right pictures!

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1. to weigh

2. to stay in bed

3. to have a finger prick blood test

4. to put a bandage

5. to examine one's eye

6. to examine a patient with a tongue depressor

7. to give an injection to a patient

8. to have an arm in a sling

9. to use an inhaler

10. to have a rash

11. to examine a patient with a

stethoscope

12. to take (check)

temperature

13. to take an x-ray

14. to suffer from heat

exhaustion

15. to measure height

16. to have a dental checkup

17. to do (leg) exercises

18. to have a scar

19. to take blood pressure

20. to give first aid

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Health, Illness and Injuries

The illness The symptoms The cause WRITE THE

NUMBERS IN THE

TABLE.

1 2

3 4

5 6

7

8

9

10

For these illnesses we can buy something in the chemist or the doctor may give us a prescription.

I’ve got a cold I’ve got a sore throat ……...., sneezing …………, a cough …………..

A virus

I’ve got flu The same symptoms as a cold and also

aching muscles and temperature ……………

A virus

I’ve got hay fever ………..

Sneezing, runny nose, sore eyes

Blowing my nose all the time ……

Allergic reactions to

pollen

I’ve got diarrhoea

I keep going to the toilet …………

Often food, or a virus

I feel sick I want to vomit ………………

Food, alcohol,

I’ve got a hangover ……

Headache, feeling sick,…

Too much alcohol.

I’ve got a constipation ….

I don’t go to the toilet everyday

Little exercise and water

A disease is used for serious condition caused by an infection and illness is a

more general word

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Serious Illness Aches and Pains

Doctors believe that smoking is the major

cause of lung cancer.

Hepatitis is a liver disease.

Asthma has become more common.

Cholesterol is the main cause of heart

attacks.

We can have a headache, a stomach-

ache, toothache, backache or earache

BUT we have a pain in the other parts of

my body:

I feel really bad, I’ve got a pain in my leg

and a terrible headache.

My back aches or hurts and also I hurt my

back playing baseball.

And I had an injection yesterday and it was painful. I don’t

know why because but it is usually painless.

WOUND and INJURY are both used to

describe damage to the body, but wound is

generally caused by a weapon and it is

usually intentional.

He shot the man and now he has a serious

bullet wound in the chest.

He stabbed the boy and now he has a

serious knife wound in the back.

He got into a fight and got beaten up. He

had a black eye and two broken ribs.

An injury is damage to part of your body, usually caused by an accident at home, on the road or during a game (for instance during a football match). GIVE SOLUTIONS TO THESE INJURIES

THE PROBLEM

ORIGIN RESULT SOLUTION

I cut my finger

Using a knife

It’s bleeding

A …………………

I cut my leg badly

I fell over

It’s bleeding a lot

A …………………

I twisted my ankle

Running for the bus

I can’t walk easily

rest

I broke my arm

I fell off my bike

I can’t use it

………………. and a ……………

I’ve got a concussion

Playing football

I’m confused

rest

I burnt my hand

Cooking It’s very painful

Special cream

I’ve got a bruise on my arm

I hit it on the side of my desk

It’s swollen and black

……………………

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SO

LU

TIO

NS

SLING

BANDAGE

PLASTER

PLASTER

ICE

PACK

COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THESE WORDS

Blood tests - ambulance - collided - stitches

- unconscious - cuts - knocked himself unconscious

John fell off a chair, hit his head on the floor, and

…………………………………………………... His wife called an

……………………… but John was still ……………………… when it arrived. He

was rushed to hospital where they kept him for two days for ………………...

I jumped for the ball and …………………………….. with another player. We

both had ……………………. on our head, but I had to go to hospital for eight

………………………………..

Now it’s your turn:

1. I hit my hand on the desk and it really

2. They say she died of a heart …………

3. He had some apples that weren’t ready to eat and now she’s got stomach- ………………………..

4. I’ve got this terrible ….......................in my neck.

5. He died of ……………… cancer even though she never smoked a cigarette in his life.

6. I went to the doctor and she gave me a …………………… for some tablets.

7. Pollution makes her ………………………….. worse and it’s difficult for her to breathe.

8. There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious ………………………………… than the other.

9. I hurt ……………. …………………… when I fell off that chair.

10. My back ……………….. from sitting at the computer all day.

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Complete the following Chart

problem / symptom

part(s) of body cause(s) remedy / treatment

Sprain

Cut

Break

Sore

-ache

Infection

Arteries

Heart

Runny

Rash

Diarrhea

Obesity

nausea

Stiff

Indigestion

Common Ailments

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Common Treatments

Pills

Antibiotics

Medicine

cream / ointment

Band Aid

plaster cast

operation / surgery

Physiotherapy

acupuncture / other traditional

treatment

Ice

lifestyle changes

changes in diet

Bandage

Liposuction

Injection

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English-Spanish

ankle el tobillo

arm el brazo

armpit la axila

back la espalda

backbone el espinazo

beard la barba

belly el vientre

blood la sangre

body el cuerpo

bone el hueso

brain el cerebro

cheek la mejilla

chest el pecho

ear la oreja

elbow el codo

eye el ojo

eyebrow la ceja

eyelash la pestaña

face la cara

finger el dedo

fist el puño

foot el pie

forefinger el índice

forehead la frente

Spanish-English

la axila Armpit

la barba Beard

el bigote moustache

la boca Mouth

el brazo Arm

la cabeza Head

la cadera Hips

la cara Face

la ceja Eyebrow

el cerebro Brain

la cintura Waist

el codo Elbow

el corazón Heart

el cráneo Skull

el cuello Neck

el cuerpo Body

el dedillo little finger

el dedo Finger

el dedo anular ring finger

el dedo del pie Toe

el diente Tooth

la espalda Back

el espinazo backbone

el esqueleto Skeleton

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hair el pelo

hand la mano

head la cabeza

heart el corazón

heel el talón

hips la cadera

intestines el intestino

kidney el riñón

knee la rodilla

leg la pierna

lips los labios

little finger el dedillo

liver el hígado

lung el pulmón

moustache el bigote

mouth la boca

muscle el músculo

nail la uña

neck el cuello

nerve el nervio

nose la nariz

occiput la nuca

organ el órgano

palm la palma

ring finger el dedo anular

el estómago Stomach

la frente forehead

la garganta Throat

el hígado Liver

el hombro shoulder

el hueso Bone

el índice forefinger

el intestino intestines

los labios Lips

la lengua Tongue

la mano Hand

la mejilla Cheek

la muñeca Wrist

el músculo Muscle

el muslo Thigh

la nariz Nose

el nervio Nerve

la nuca Occiput

el ojo Eye

la oreja Ear

el órgano Organ

la palma Palm

el pecho Chest

el pelo Hair

la pestaña eyelash, lashes

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shoulder el hombro

skeleton el esqueleto

skin la piel

skull el cráneo

sole la planta

stomach el estómago

temple la sien

thigh el muslo

throat la garganta

thumb el pulgar

toe el dedo del pie

tongue la lengua

tooth el diente

waist la cintura

womb el útero

wrist la muñeca

el pie Foot

la piel Skin

la pierna Leg

la planta Sole

el pulgar Thumb

el pulmón Lung

el puño Fist

el riñón Kidney

la rodilla Knee

la sangre Blood

la sien Temple

el talón Heel

el tobillo Ankle

la uña Nail

el útero Womb

el vientre Belly

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Ailments 1. bruise 9. toothache 2. backache 10. earache 3. fever 11. cough 4. high blood pressure 12. cold 5. burn 13. stomach ache 6. cut 14. sore throat 7. sprain (as in sprained ankle) 15. dizziness 8. rash 16. headache

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Giving Advice / Remedies You should... 1. Use a heating pad, get bed rest, and don’t lift heavy things.

2. Drink hot tea with lemon and don’t talk too much.

3. Drink a lot of liquids and stay in bed.

4. Lie down, put a pillow under your foot, and use an ice pack on your ankle.

5. Take two aspirin and lie down to rest.

6. Take cough syrup.

7. Take …

A letter from the hospital Read the letter and then answer the questions.

Tower Hamlets Hospital NHS Outpatient Department

Stepney Road London E2 6SF

Ms Hawa Ahmed 20 Cromwell House Canter Road London E1 4BX 30th June Dear Ms Ahmed, You have an appointment for a scan. Clinic: Antenatal (baby clinic) Doctor: Dr Riley Date: Tuesday 14th July Time: 10:30 am Please bring any medicines you are taking. If you cannot attend, please telephone the Outpatients Department on 020 6700 5211 to make another appointment. Yours sincerely,

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Mary Carr Clinic Administrator

1. What is the appointment for?

………………………………………………………………………………………

2 What date is the appointment?

………………………………………………………………………………………

3 What time?

………………………………………………………………………………………

4 What is the name of the doctor?

………………………………………………………………………………………

5 What must Hawa bring?

………………………………………………………………………………………

6 What must Hawa do if she can't go?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………… Read the following text then answer the questions

Human Body

Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your

chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over

your body - in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But

this muscle is special because of what it does - the heart sends blood around

your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it

needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has to get rid of.

Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your

heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of

the heart does the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps

it out to the body. By the time you're grown up, your heart will be beating

(pumping) about 70 times a minute.

How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it

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contracts to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes

tighter - try squeezing your hand into a fist. That's sort of like what your heart

does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night,

all the time. Every day, an adult heart pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of

recycled blood by filling and contracting. The heart is one tough worker!

1. Where is your heart located? _________________________________

_________________________________

2. Where else can you find

muscles in your body besides the

heart?

_________________________________

_________________________________

3. Why do we need a heart?

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

4. Which organ(s) directly works

with the heart?

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

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Read the following text

ANDREA

WHO USED TO BE ANOREXIC

I was a chubby child and I had a perfectly skinny twin sister. She

seemed to receive all my parents’ attention, because she was thin. I

felt ignored which developed my shyness. So, I thought that going

on a diet would increase my self-esteem and get people to notice

me.

I started to eat a bowl of cereals for breakfast so my parents would

think I was eating properly. I didn’t have lunch. After school I

always went to practise tennis on an empty stomach and exercised

as much as I could for two hours. At dinner, my family always ate together so I

had to eat a full meal, but then I rushed to the bathroom to induce vomit.

I lost weight and people gave me the nicest compliments. The compliments

felt so good, so I kept dieting.

But my parents and friends noticed my bad eating habits and they forced me

to eat and didn’t leave my side.

I denied my eating problem for a long time until last year. I received a terrific

support from my family and especially from my boyfriend, which I think helped

me a lot through my problem. I now try to have a balanced diet instead of

getting the fewest calories possible. I now feel more confident about my body

and have higher self-esteem.

Andrea

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A- Say if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False

ones.

T

F

1. When Andrea was a child, she was fatter than her sister.

2. Andrea wasn’t a sociable child.

3. Andrea didn’t have breakfast while she was dieting.

4. She practised tennis because she wanted to be a good tennis player.

5. Andrea believed she didn’t have a problem for a long time.

B- Match the words taken from the text with their synonym or

explanation.

1. self-esteem

2. properly

3. eating problem

4. support

5. higher

a) correctly

b) eating disorder

c) help

d) the feeling of being satisfied with

e) better

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

COMPREHENSION

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C- Answer these questions with complete answers. Use your own words

as far as possible.

1. What was Andrea like when she was a child?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. Why did Andrea start to diet?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. What did she do to lose weight?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4. Did Andrea achieve her goals? Account for your answer with a sentence

from the text.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. How did she recover from her problem?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

6. Is Andrea a happier person now? Justify.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Doctors don’t always know what causes high blood

pressure which is also called hypertension, but we do know a few

things about this disease. For example, more men than women

have it, and it usually begins in middle or old aged persons. It

sometimes runs in families.

Many people have high blood pressure without knowing it, because

there are usually no clear symptoms. If you want to know whether

you have high blood pressure, ask your doctor to check it with a

blood pressure instrument.

If you have high blood pressure, what can you do about it? If you

are heavy, losing weight will help. Some patient’s blood pressure

goes down when they reduce eating over salted food. Other people

can improve by learning how to relax and by doing the right kind of

exercise. Fortunately, it is possible to control high blood pressure

today with proper medicine. If not controlled, high blood pressure

can lead to serious problems, like heart disease.

Answer the questions below based on the previous passage:

1- What is hypertension?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………….

2- Name four things a patient of high blood pressure should do?

a. ………………………………………………………..

b. ……………………….………………………………

c. ………………………………………………………..

d. ………………………………………………….…..

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B) Choose the correct completion:

a. It is not _____ for a person to discover he is suffering from

hypertension.

a. important. b. interested. c. clear.

b. ________ women than men suffer from high blood pressure.

a. More. b. As many as. c. Fewer.

3- Hypertension requires. the patient to eat food with less________

a. sugar. b. salt. c. fresh juice.

4- When you reduce something, you make it ________

a. better. b. more. c. less.

5- Heart disease can be caused by ____________ .

a. hypertension. b. relaxing . c. diet.

6- When you improve something, you make it ___________ .

a. worse. b. ugly. c. better.

7- When a patient sees a doctor, the doctor usually asks him about ____.

a. the symptoms. b. the treatment. c. his family

8- The pronoun “ they” on line 10 refers to ______

a. doctors. b. patients. c. medicines.

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C) Put ( true ) or ( false ):

1- Only old people suffer from hypertension. ( )

2- Hypertension is almost controlled with the proper medicine. ( )

3- It is hard for doctors to know the real cause of high blood

pressure ( )

4- It is not possible to control high blood pressure. ( )

D) Find the antonyms of the following words from the passage:

1- low X …………………………

2- less X …………………………

3- wrong X ………………………..

4- up X ………………………..

5- unfortunately X …………..……….......

6- with X ………………………...

7- young X …………………………..

8- impossible X …………………………..

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Read the following text

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases (also called STDs,) are infections that can be

transferred from one person to another through sexual contact. According to

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are over 15 million

cases of sexually transmitted disease cases reported annually in the United

States. There are more than 25 diseases that are transmitted through sexual

activity. Other than HIV, the most common STDs in the United States are

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus,

hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Adolescents and young

adults are the age groups at the greatest risk for acquiring an STD.

Approximately 19 million new infections occur each year, almost half of them

among people ages 15 to 24.

Some STDs can have severe consequences, especially in women, if not

treated, which is why it is so important to go for STD testing. Some STDs can

lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility, while others

may even be fatal. STDs can be prevented by refraining from sexual activity,

and to a certain extent, some contraceptive devices, such as condoms.

Herpes Virus: Herpes is another STD that presently has no cure. Or is there a

cure for Herpes? Today, treatment is available and there are a number of

things you can do yourself at home to help relieve your genital herpes, as well

as natural herpes treatment. Herpes symptoms include blisters or sores that

periodically break out on the genitals.

HIV/AIDS: One STD that many people are worried about getting is HIV. While

new ways of treating this infection can significantly prolong an infected

person's life, for far too many people this infection eventually progresses to

AIDS and, ultimately, death. More than 40 million people worldwide are

infected with the HIV virus; women account for 50% of those infected.

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Recently, studies have found a link between the use of hormonal birth control

and HIV. In the US, African Americans account for a disproportionate number

of HIV cases. Many people may not realize they are infected, as the HIV virus

is often asymptomatic for the first few years. HIV testing is the only sure way

to know if you are infected. However, you can take steps to help prevent the

infection. Find out about a new method that could prevent an HIV infection in

women using the cervical cap and microbicides.

Syphilis: Throughout history, cases of syphilis have been recorded. While this

STD has not always been effectively dealt with, nowadays, syphilis can easily

be treated and cured. However, as history has shown, without treatment,

syphilis symptoms can progress and affect the nervous system and brain

leading to dementia and even death.

Sometimes STD symptoms can be confused with mononucleosis.

Characterized by a fever, sore throat, and extreme weakness, mono is a viral

infection that needs to be treated right away. If you think you have the illness,

seek mono treatment as soon as possible. Also, yeast infection can cause

painful itching and burning, and can even be transmitted sexually

According to the reading answer the following questions

1. What is the meaning of sexually transmitted diseases?

………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Why are sexual diseases spreading?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Which illnesses are caused by bacteria?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. Which illnesses are caused by a virus?

.............................................................................................................................

5. How is syphilis treated?

.............................................................................................................................

6. What does HIV cause in the body?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Which diseases are mortal for humans?

.............................................................................................................................

8. What are some possible consequences STD may have?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Complete the following chart with information from the reading. Include the

disease, some symptoms and treatment.

Disease Symptoms Treatment

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EIGHTH TOPIC

OUR DEMOCRATIC TRADITION

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Objectives

Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,

modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.

Identifying text types.

Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.

Criticizing.

Identifying details in familiar material.

Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion devices.

Content

Costa Rican Democracy :

What do you understand by ____ (democracy, freedom, sovereignty, etc.)?

What do you think about ____ (democracy, politics, the right to vote/ speak, etc.?

It's the government for the people, by the people and of the people.

Parties, voters, ballot, ballot process, citizenship, ruler, laws, etc.

Qualities of democracy/equality,

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Read the following text

Our Democracy

Costa Rican national pride has its roots in the historical origins of its

democracy; our people have always believed in reform rather than revolution

and repression.

A foundation stone of Costa Rican democracy is the 1949 Constitution in

which this country is declared a Democratic Republic. This body of laws can

be considered one of our strongest democratic bases. It guarantees citizens

as well as foreigners basic rights: the right to own property, the right to

petition and assembly, the right to habeas corpus and the freedom of speech.

Another pillar of our democratic system is the governmental division of

powers, which are independent from one another. The government is

separated into an executive, a legislative and a judicial branch. The executive

branch includes a President, two vice presidents and seventeen members of

the Council of Government. The Legislative Assembly includes judges that

have been appointed by the Legislative Assembly to serve for a minimum of

eight years. Last but not least, there is a Special Electoral Tribunal with three

judges that oversee the sacred right to vote and to hold elections

Our democracy is not a stroke of luck, it has been woven throughout all these

years and it is the consolidation of our ancestors’ dreams and hopes.

Adapted from: http://www.infocostarica.com/general/democracy.html

Choose the best option that best completes each statement.

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1. Costa Rica’s national pride is its __________________

a. Constitution

b. Government

c. President

d. Democracy

2. The Constitution guarantees some basic rights to ___________

a. Costa Ricans and citizens

b. Its citizens

c. Costa Ricans and foreigners

d. Its foreigners

3. One basic right that Costa Ricans have is ______________

a. The government

b. Freedom of speech

c. The executive power

d. Democratic system

4. The government is divided into ------------------------

a. Eight years

b. Two branches

c. Three branches

d. Seventeen members

Based on the previous reading, look for the words below the match the

concept in column A to its definition in column B.

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Column A

1. Freedom of Speech

2. Reliance

3. Law

4. Judge

5. Foreigners

6. Citizens

Column B

( ) a rule that tells the way

society should behave

( ) people who live in a particular

country

( ) people who come from

another country

( ) confidence in something or

someone

( ) the right to express your

opinions publicly

( ) a person who decides who is

guilty and who is innocent.

Politics Vocabulary

Act Ley

Ballot Voto

Bill proyecto de ley

Budget Presupuesto

Cabinet Gabinete

civil servant empleado public

Campaign Campaña

Capitalist Capitalista

Candidate Candidato

Centrist del centro

Coalition Coalición

colonialist colonialista

communist comunista

Congress Congreso

congressman congresista

democracy democracia

democratic democrático

dictator dictador

election elección

electoral roll/register padrón electoral

electorate electorado

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fascist fascista

government gobierno

to govern gobernar

imperialist imperialista

King Rey

left-wing de izquierda

Member of Parliament

parlamentarista

Minister ministro

Ministry ministerio

monarchy monarquía

nationalist nacionalista

opposition oposición

Parliament Parlamento

Party partido

policy política, plan de acción

political político (adjetivo)

politician político (sustantivo)

politics política

Poll encuesta

president presidente

Prime Minister Primer Ministro

Prince Príncipe

Princess Princesa

Queen Reina

referendum referendum

republic república

right-wing de derecha

Secretary secretario

Secretary secretaría

socialist socialista

too close to call muy ajustado para dar un ganador

totalitarian totalitario

to elect elegir

to vote votar

to call an election llamar a elecciones

to vote votar

to run for president ser candidato a presidente

Voter votante

Democratic Party US partido demócrata

Republican Party US partido republicano

Conservative Party partido conservador

Labour Party (GB) partido laborista

democrat (US) demócrata

republican (US) Republicano

Tory (GB) miembro del partido conservador

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Topic: Politics, elections, voting (common terms and expressions)

Choose the best response:

1. A close race = A ___________

a. tight

b. close-knit

2. Many senators support his ___________ ( = attempt) to become president.

a. Bid

b. bead

3. Her campaign is gaining ________ = Her campaign is becoming more and

more effective/successful

a. quickness

b. momentum

4. The probable nominee = The ________ nominee

a. likely

b. likeable

5. That victory established him as the clear front-________.

a. Runner

b. place

6. Voter ________ was very high = A lot of people voted

a. appearance

b. turnout

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7. The senator said that he would ________ ( = support) the other candidate.

a . Back

b. back-out

8. The presidential election will be ________ on November 1st.

a. Located

b. held

9. The other candidate for mayor claimed that he was ________ to improving

recycling in the city.

a. Bound

b. committed

10. She was able to ________ a lot of money for her campaign.

a. Raise

b. rise

Read the following text

Laura Chinchilla won Costa Rica's presidential election

Sunday with 47 percent of the vote, becoming the first

woman to lead the Central American nation. Inside

Costa Rica reports that her two male opponents

conceded before even half the votes had been

counted.

Chinchilla, 50, is a career politician who has held numerous positions in the

Costa Rican government and served on the cabinet of outgoing President

Oscar Arias. She was previously a public safety minister, a congressional

deputy, vice president of the cabinet, and a justice minister. She supports

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liberalizing the nation's economic policies and its state-run electricity and

telecommunications industries.

According to Reuters, Chinchilla is a social conservative who opposes gay

marriage and has pledged to keep the Roman Catholic Church as the

country's state religion. Throughout the campaign she wore a rosary for good

luck and was often showered with them by supporters on the trail

Answer these questions based on the reading

When has Chinchilla worked in politics before?

______________________________________________________________

What are some things Chinchilla’s government support?

______________________________________________________________

What controversial issues do Chinchilla have to deal with being a

conservative?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

What did she wear during her campaign as a sign of good luck?

______________________________________________________________

Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each

sentence.

Today Costa Rica is governed by the Constitution of November 7th, 1949.

While this Constitution made many advances over previous ones, perhaps its

most outstanding provision, and the one that is even beginning to be

emulated by other countries, is that which prohibits the existence of a

standing army.

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The Constitution provides for a President, exercising Executive power. He or

she is elected by popular vote for a period of four years. There are two Vice-

Presidents and a Board of Ministers, but no Prime Minister.

The Congress is a single chambered legislature whose members are elected

form candidates chosen by the different political parties, by popular vote.

There are 57 congressmen elected to four years terms.

The most important judicial body in the nation is the Supreme Court. Its 47

members are selected by the legislature for a minimum of 8 years. Other

court of great importance is the Electoral Tribune, which ensures the fairness

of elections.

Adapted from Join Us Magazine

1. The current Costa Rica constitution _____________

a. Promotes an army in other countries

b. Prohibits wars in the country

c. Is better that previous ones

d. Became worst than others

2. People vote to choose the _______

a. Executive powers

b. Political parties

c. Prime Minister

d. Ministers

3. The text states that ____________

a. the congress is a non political chamber

b. the political parties choose the congressmen

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c. citizens choose candidates to the congress

d. the legislative chamber is elected by the people

4. The Costa Rican congress _____________

a. Selects the members of the Supreme Court

b. Ensures the fairness of elections

c. Belongs to the judicial body

d. Is made up of 17 members.

Read the following text

Americans may have forgotten what democracy looks like.

Our current president was chosen in 2000 not

by the voters -- Al Gore won the popular vote

by a comfortable margin of more than

500,000 ballots -- but by a Supreme-Court

dictated Electoral College vote. Another

Electoral College "win" came in 2004, when

George Bush secured a second term on the

"strength" of Ohio results that, while more

favorable to the Republicans than the 2000

numbers from the battleground state of Florida, were so dubious in their

generation and so uncertain in their accuracy that the congressional

certification was challenged by Ohio representatives and the ranking member

of the House Judiciary Committee. Our Congress, which was elected in 2006

to end the war in Iraq, has rejected the will of the people and handed the

Bush-Cheney administration more money than it requested to maintain the

occupation of a sovereign land where the people would prefer to guide their

own affairs. And even as the vast majority of Americans -- including six in ten

Republicans -- oppose trade policies that offshore jobs, devastate

communities in the U.S. and abroad and batter the environment, an

John Nichols

Breaking news and analysis on

political, social, economic and

cultural activism that

mainstream media commonly

ignore.

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unconscionable president and an unresponsive Congress pursue new

agreements designed to empower corporations rather than citizens.

If Americans want to find evidence of democracy, they might look south to the

Latin American republic of Costa Rica -- where voters will decide Sunday on

whether they want their country to sign onto the Central American Free Trade

Agreement that is currently being promoted by the White House, The Wall

Street Journal and the multinational corporations that are the generous the

patrons of both those institutions.

Imagine that: In Costa Rica, the people are being invited to participate in the

debate over their economic future.

Democracy has never had many friends among the elites. But Sanders is right

to celebrate the fact that, as he notes, "On Oct. 7, Costa Rica will become the

first country where citizens have the opportunity to vote for or against a trade

agreement. Despite being heavily outspent by the moneyed interests, despite

opposition from the Costa Rican government and the U.S. ambassador,

despite an extremely hostile media, the latest polls have the election as a toss-

up. Incredibly, just the other day, in a nation of only four million people, well

over 100,000 marched in opposition to the treaty -- a sign of the deep

grassroots opposition there to CAFTA."

Make no mistake, Sanders is being attacked for expressing deeply-rooted

American values. Instead of threatening Costa Rica, our leaders should renew

those values by borrowing a page from our good neighbor to the south. If

Costa Rica can democratize the trade debate, why not the U.S.?

Answer these questions

Is the author criticizing Costa Rica’s government or the USA’s government?

How can you tell?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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What event has put Costa Rica in the map as a real democratic country

according to the article?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

What are some issues the American Congress haven’t paid attention despite

citizen’s pleas?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

What are some values the author encourages USA government to look in

Costa Rica?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Write your opinion about what real democracy is? How should the government

be? What citizen rights would you implement and what would you eliminate?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Objectives

Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences

Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes

some complex sentences and unfamiliar language.

Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and

utterances.

Expressing and justifying ideas, opinions or personal points of view and

seeking the views of others.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,

giving reasons.

Content

Careers, jobs, lifestyles:

Which professions are ____?

What professions do you ____?

What do you know/think of ____?

Are there as many ____ as ____?

Which are the benefits of ____?

I'd like (to) ____ because ____.

How much does a ____ earn/cost at ____?

What does he/she do?

Where can you major in ___?

____ is better than ____.

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What do they do?

A police officer

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Where do they work?

Now write a small paragraph describing what these people do and their functions and where do they work?

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Match the jobs on the left to their definitions on the right.

_____ Journalist

_____ Teacher

_____ police officer

_____ accountant

_____ Business person

_____ doctor

_____ nurse

_____ pilot

_____ taxi driver

_____ bus driver

_____ manager

_____ chef

_____ actor

_____ actress

_____ firefighter

_____ lawyer

_____ secretary

1) Person who drives a bus.

2) He/she works in a school and

teaches students.

3) Rescues people from burning

buildings and helps put out fires.

4) Works in hospital and helps doctors.

5) Defends people's rights in court.

6) Flies an airplane.

7) takes people's orders in a restaurant and serves them food.

8) Works in a police station and

maintains public security.

9) Works in a bank and keeps records

of money.

10) Works in a hospital and treats

patients.

11) Answers phone calls and does

office work for his/her boss.

12) Drives a taxi.

13) Person who reports news on TV,

radio or Newspaper.

14) Does the cooking in a restaurant or

hotel.

15) A woman who plays a role in a

movie.

16) Manages the affairs of a company

or business.

17) One who does business.

18) A man who acts in a movie.

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CAN YOU FIND THESE OCCUPATIONS ON THE CROSSWORD PUZZLE?

W R R E H C A E T V E T

P E W A I T E R I I Z R

P T U N U V A C S N E C

L H C V R C G O G V L A

U G W O T U L W I D A R

M I Z O W D O R G O W P

B F R T I B D H F C Y E

E E C E F O F M T E N

R R R H S C E Y D O R T

S I N U M R H Z L R D E

B F B R E E N I G N E R

R E M R A F B A R B E R

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A police motorcycle cop stops a driver for running

a red light. The guy is a real jerk and comes

running back to the officer demanding to know

why he is being harassed by the Gestapo! So the

officer calmly tells him of the red light violation.

The motorist instantly goes on a tirade,

questioning the officer's ancestry, sexual

orientation, etc., in rather explicit terms.

The tirade goes on without the officer saying

anything.

When he gets done with writing the ticket he puts

an "AH" in the lower right corner of the narrative

portion of the ticket. He then hands it to the

'violator' for his signature. The guy signs the ticket

angrily, and when presented with his copy points

to the "AH" and demands to know what it stands

for.

The officer says, "That's so when we go to court,

I'll remember that you're an asshole!"

Two months later they're in court. The 'violator'

has such a bad driving record he is about to lose

his license and has hired a lawyer to represent

him. On the stand the officer testifies to seeing the

man run the red light. Under cross examination the

defense attorney asks; "Officer is this a reasonable

facsimile of the ticket you issued my client?"

1. Read the story carefully paying attention to the verbs, Tenses, articles and prepositions.

2. Circle 5 verbs in the Past Tense. 3. Underline 5 verbs in the Present Simple. 4. Using a RED pencil mark at least 5

prepositions 5. Using a BLUE pencil mark at least 5

articles. 6. Using a GREEN pencil mark at least 5

verbs in the Present continuous. 7. Translate the text and find 5 Cognates

or transparent words. 8. Write a short paragraph about what you

understood about the main idea of the text.

9. Find more information about this JOB, its characteristics, graduation, salary, uniform

Officer responds, "Yes, sir, that is the

defendant's copy, his signature and mine, same

number at the top."

Lawyer: "Officer, is there any particular marking

or notation on this ticket you don't normally

make?"

"Yes, sir, in the lower right corner of the narrative

there is an "AH," underlined."

"What does the "AH" stand for, officer?"

"Aggressive and hostile, Sir."

"Aggressive and hostile?"

"Yes, Sir?

"Officer, are you sure it doesn't stand for

Asshole?"

"Well, sir, you know your client better than I do!"

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Jobs Who am I?

1. I fly aeroplanes.

I travel quickly.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ .

2. I look after your teeth.

I really won't hurt you.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. I work in the fields with animals.

I drive a tractor.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ .

4. I have a job on a boat.

I use nets and rods.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

5. I sometimes work in a hospital.

I help people who are ill.

I am a _ _ _ _ _.

6. I work under the ground.

I dig for coal.

I am a _ _ _ _ _.

7. I get up very early in the morning.

I make bread and cakes

I am a _ _ _ _ _.

8. I bring you letters and parcels.

I visit many houses.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

9. I am very brave.

I put out fires

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

10. I sell meat and sausages.

I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

BAKER - PILOT - POSTMAN - NURSE - DENTIST - FIREMAN - BUTCHER - FARMER –

MINER - FISHERMAN

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Read the following passage

UK’s Happiest Jobs

When it comes to happiness at work, hairdressers are a cut above the rest -

according to this year's City & Guilds' 'Happiness Index.' On the other hand,

secretaries/PAs/admin workers like their jobs the least.

The saying 'Money can't buy you happiness' certainly seems true. Almost a

third of people in the £10 - £15k bracket rated their job 10/10, while less than 5

per cent of workers earning £40 - £45k gave their jobs a 10.

"It may come as a surprise to some that financial reward doesn't always mean

a happier working environment or employee" comments Chris Humphries,

director general of City & Guilds.

Both (hairdressers and beauty therapists) attributed their contentment to

strong relationships with their colleagues. Salon professionals also value

having an interest in what they do for a living, which 100 per cent of

hairdressers believe is important to on-the-job happiness. Contributing to

happiness in the workplace is the ability to meet lots new people and being

made to feel appreciated.

Secretaries, PAs, administrators and others working in the business support

sector feel the least appreciated.

So what factors do make us whistle while we work? 19 per cent of us would

like to do something worthwhile and almost 15 per cent just want a more

flexible workday. Humphries found, "Some of the happiest workers are those

who feel they have a lot of opportunities for professional development."

"Nowadays true job satisfaction and happiness is about fulfilling your full

potential, tapping into your own creativity, and feeling that you can make a

difference."

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Here, then, are the UK's 20 happiest jobs to work in, according to City &

Guilds (average happiness rating in brackets) :

1) Hairdresser (8.7)

2) Beauty Therapist (8)

3) Early Years/Childcare (7.8)

4, 5) Doctor/Dentist (7.5)

6) Plumber (7.4)

7) Electrician (7.3)

8) Construction (7.2)

9) Leisure/Tourism (7.2)

10) Media/Creative (7.2)

11) Accountant (7)

12) Law (6.8)

13) Marketing/PR/Advertising (6.8)

14) Nursing (6.8)

15) Teaching/Education (6.7)

16) Automotive (6.6)

17) Human Resources (6.5)

18) Banking/Insurance/Finance (6.4)

19) Catering (6.3)

20) Secretarial/PA/Admin (6.1)

Work on these exercises based on the reading

According to the text, why are hairdressers and beauticians the happiest

professions?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Why are secretaries less satisfied with their jobs?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Is your dream job or your parents’ job on the list? What do you think about its

rating?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Write two types of comparative sentences using data from the survey.

e.g. Plumbers are happier than accountants.

Accountants are not as happy as plumbers.

1. Teachers vs. nurses

______________________________________________________________

2. Lawyers vs. childminders

______________________________________________________________

3. Media workers vs. electricians

______________________________________________________________

What do the underlined words mean in the text?

Match by joining phrases with a line.

rated (v.) being partly responsible for

financial reward (n.) satisfaction

worthwhile (adj.) money

potential (n.) useful

contentment (n.) valued

appreciated (v.pp) scored

contributing (v.) ability

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What is important to you when choosing a career? Number from 1 to 6

from the most to the least important for you.

Money

Independence

Doing something useful

Meeting new people

Colleagues

Perks and benefits

Write a paragraph describing your dream job and its characteristics, and

elements should have

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Read the following job advertisements:

1. Needed: Full time secretary

position available. Applicants should

have at least 2 years experience and

be able to type 60 words a minute.

No computer skills required. Apply in

person at United Business Ltd., 17

Browning Street.

4. Teacher Needed: Tommy's

Kindergarten needs 2 teacher/trainers

to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3

p.m. Applicants should have

appropriate licenses. For more

information visit Tommy's

Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.

56.

2. Are you looking for a part time job?

We require 3 part time shop

assistants to work during the evening.

No experience required, applicants

should between 18 and 26. Call 366 -

76564 for more information.

3. Computer trained secretaries: Do

you have experience working with

computers? Would you like a full time

position working in an exciting new

company? If your answer is yes, give

us a call at 565-987-7832.

5. Part Time work available: We are

looking for retired adults who would

like to work part time at the weekend.

Responsibilities include answering

the telephone and giving customer's

information. For more information

contact us by calling 897-980-7654.

6. University positions open: The

University of Cumberland is looking

for 4 teaching assistants to help with

homework correction. Applicants

should have a degree in one of the

following: Political Science, Religion,

Economics or History. Please contact

the University of Cumberland for

more information.

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Answer these comprehension Questions

Which position is best for these people? Choose ONLY ONE position for each

person.

Jane Madison. Jane recently retired and is looking for a part time

position. She would like to work with people and enjoys public relation

work.

The best job for Jane is_________________________________________

Jack Anderson. Jack graduated from the University of Trent with a

degree in Economics two years ago. He would like an academic

position.

The best job for Jack is ________________________________________

Margaret Lillian. Margaret is 21 years old and would like a part time

position to help her pay her university expenses. She can only work in

the evenings.

The best job for Margaret is _____________________________________

Alice Fingelhamm. Alice was trained as a secretary and has six years of

experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a

computer. She is looking for a full time position.

The best job for Alice is _________________________________________

Peter Florian. Peter went to business school and studied computer and

secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full time

position.

The best job for Peter is _________________________________________

Vincent san George. Vincent loves working with children and has an

education license from the city of Birmingham. He would like to work

with young children.

The best job for Vincent is _______________________________________

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Read the following conversation

Harry: What are you working on?

Susan: Oh, I'm just studying for history class.

Harry: I hate history.

Susan: I don't. It's interesting. I'm reading about the Romans.

Harry: Do you mean the people from Romania?

Susan: No, stupid. The Romans as in 'Julius Cesar'. You know, people from

ancient Rome.

Harry: Oh, those Romans...

Susan: You are hopeless. So, what are you doing?

Harry: I'm preparing for a meeting tomorrow.

Susan: When's the meeting?

Harry: I'm driving into London tomorrow morning. The meeting is scheduled

for 10 o'clock.

Susan: ...and what are you preparing?

Harry: I'm giving a presentation on the new account.

Susan: Which new account?

Harry: Well, we're working on a new account in Southern England this week.

Susan: Work, work, work. That's all you ever do!

Harry: Come on, that's not true. I like reading books, too.

Susan: Oh, really? Which book are you reading at the moment?

Harry: Well, as a matter of fact, I'm reading 'Football in England: The Very

Best'.

Susan: Football? That's not reading

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Choose the best answer based on the previous dialogue

1. Which statement is true?

a. Harry enjoys studying.

b. Susan enjoys studying but hates history.

c. Susan enjoys studying about history

2. Romans are people _____________________

a. from Romania

b. from ancient Rome

c. from London

3. What does Harry do?

a. He's a student.

b. He works for a company.

c. He plays football

4. What does Susan say about Harry?

a. He hates working.

b. He works too much.

c. He studies too Little

5. What type of book is Harry reading?

a. A book about history

b. A book about sport

c. He's not reading anything

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Reading Comprehension

I WANT TO BE A FIREFIGHTER

My name is Terry. I want to be a firefighter. Why do I want

to be a firefighter? I have many reasons. I like all the

important things that firefighters do. Firefighters are

heroes.

Sometimes buildings catch on fire. Firefighters put out

fires. I want to put out fires.

If someone is trapped in a burning house, firefighters

save

them. I want to save people.

Sometimes people have accidents. Sometimes people

get

sick. Firefighters help them. I want to help people.

Firefighters drive big trucks. Fire trucks have loud sirens. I

want to drive a big truck.

Firefighters put out fires. Firefighters save people.

Firefighters help sick people. I want to be a firefighter and

do all those things. Then I would be a hero, too!

Answer these questions. Tick on the correct answer

1. Why does Terry want to be a firefighter?

a. Terry wants to put out fires.

b. Terry wants to help people.

c. Terry wants to drive a big truck.

d. All of the above

2. What do fire trucks have?

a. loud sirens

b. televisions

c. dogs

d. whistles

3. Terry thinks firefighters are…

a. busy

b. heroes

c. good looking

d. popular

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Read the following article

Bilingual Job Fair this Weekend in Costa Rica

Multinationals will offer 3,000 jobs to Costa Ricans

The Costa Rican Investment Promotion Agency (CINDE) will be hosting the

4th Bilingual Job Fair this weekend March 7 through 9 at the National Cultural

Center in San Jose.

Companies such as Procter & Gamble, Intel, IBM, Dole, Western Union, DHL,

Fujitsu, HP, Alienware, Language Line, People Support, Sykes and Oracle will

be recruiting over 3,000 new employees for positions in administration,

accounting, electric, electronic and industrial engineering, programming, client

service, translation and technical support,

among others.

The focus is on anyone with English as a

second language; however they will also be

recruiting people that speak French,

Portuguese, Italian, German, mandarin and

Cantonese.

Entrance is free for anyone who wishes to attend. CINDE’s website

www.cinde.org offers more information about the specific positions available,

so applicants should prepare their resumes specifically for the companies they

wish to apply to. The Fair is an opportunity to submit your resume and start the

interview process, but the hiring process will take place afterward.

It is expected that companies in the service industry will be offering about

8,000 new jobs in Costa Rica this year, 3,000 of which will be offered at the

bilingual job fair. This is about 3,000 more positions overall than last year.

The last bilingual job fair held in Costa Rica was put on by the Costa Rican

North American Cultural Center (CCCN) and offered 2,000 jobs.

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Based on the article answer the following questions:

1. Who is organizing this event?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. What is the main requirement to apply for these positions?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. How many jobs are available for ticos in this fair?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Is Costa Rica a new country on the job fair issue? Explain

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What can you do on the fair?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What should you take to the fair?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Where can you more information about this fair?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Multiple Choice Answers

Unit 1: Achievements of Our National Athletes

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. A

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. C

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. B

5. D

6. D

7. A/B

1. C

2. D

3. C

4. A

5. B

6. C

Unit 2: Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts

1. D

2. D

3. C

4. B

1. D

2. C

3. C

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. A

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. B

Unit 3: Costa Rican Typical Food

1. B

2. A

3. C

1. C

2. A

3. C

1. A

2. B

3. B

4. D

1. B

2. A

3. B

4. A

1. C

2. D

3. A

1. C

2. D

3. D

4. B

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Unit 4: Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and English Speaking

Countries

1. D

2. B

3. A

4. C

1. B

2. B

3. C

4.

1. A

2. B

3. B

1. C

2. C

3. A

1. B

2. C

3. B

Unit 5: Causes and Effects of Natural Resources Misuse

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. D

9. A

10. B

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. C

1. D

2. A

3. B

Unit 6: Tourist Attraction offered by Costa Rican Communities

1. A

2. D

3. C

4. A

Page 219: Academic English 10th Anthology

219

Unit 7: Common Illnesses and New Disease and Epidemics

1. C

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. C

7. A

8. B

Unit 8: Our Democratic Tradition

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. C

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. B

9. B

10. A

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. A

Unit 9: Carrees Jobs and Lifestyles

1. A

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. B

1. D

2. A

3. B

Page 220: Academic English 10th Anthology

220

Bibliography

Books

Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. Inglés Prácticas para la Prueba de Bachillerato, Farben Grupo Editorial Norma, 2007

Calderón Quesada, Teresita. Traveling Solutions for Bachillerato, EDUVISION E.V.N, 2007

Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. On your Mark. Farben Grupo Editorial Norma, 2004.

Quesada Alvarado, M. and Duarte Bonilla, M. Traveling Reading Strategies, EDUVISON E.V.N, 2007

English Practice Book for the MEP Exam, Santillana 1 ed. Editorial Santillana 2007

Barrera P., Duque M., Teenagers: New Generation 9 and 10. Editorial Norma S.A, 2008

Websites

www.wikipedia.com www.library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution_-_solutions.html www.eflnet.com/tutorials/adjcompsup.php www.clafoti.com/imagenes10/compa_1.htm www.englishpage.com www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/240265 www.e-spanyol.hu/en/vocabulary/words_body.php www.eltbase.com www.inspirationalfilms.com//wttw/pdf/lesson8-handouts.pdf www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/politics.html www.politicsdaily.com/2010/02/08/laura-chinchilla-elected-first-female-president-of-costa-rica/ www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/vocabulary/esl-politics-elections-voting3.html www.bogglesworldesl.com www. eslprintables.com www.esl.about.com www.abcteach.com www.costaricapages.com/blog/business/2008-job-fair/667


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